Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1988 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

1,469 papers of 6,984 · showing 751–800Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2025
    Model Editing with Graph-Based External MemoryYash Kumar Atri, Ahmed Alaa, Thomas HartvigsenACL
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  2. 2025
    Evolving Machine Learning in Non-Stationary Environments: A Unified Survey of Drift, Forgetting, and AdaptationI. C. Martin, Subhaditya Mukherjee, Almas Baimagambetov … Nikolaos PolatidisarXiv
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  3. 2025
    Federated Class-Incremental Learning: A SurveyXuefeng Zhu, Liang Bai, Yirun RuanICML · National University of Defense Technology
  4. 2025
    The Cell Must Go On: Agar.io for Continual Reinforcement LearningM. A. Mohamed, Kateryna Nekhomiazh, Vedant Vyas … Marlos C. MachadoarXiv
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  5. 2025
    HERO: Heterogeneous Continual Graph Learning via Meta-Knowledge DistillationGuiquan Sun, Xikun Zhang, Jingchao Ni, Dongjin SongarXiv
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  6. 2025
    Dynamic Dual Buffer with Divide-and-Conquer Strategy for Online Continual LearningCongren Dai, Hui-Chi Zhou, Jia-Hao Huang … Fei YearXiv
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  7. 2025
    Multi-Model Adaptive Ensemble Method for Fewshot Class-Incremental LearningLinhao Li, Xiaojuan Fan, Yongzhang Tan, Yingshuang LiICCV · Hebei University of Technology
  8. 2025
    GCAL: Adapting Graph Models to Evolving Domain ShiftsZiyue Qiao, Qianyi Cai, Hao Dong … Hui XiongICML
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  9. 2025
  10. 2025PDF ↗
  11. 2025
    Multi-View Fusion Graph Attention Network for Multilabel Class Incremental LearningAnhui Tan, Yu Wang, Wei-Zhi Wu … Jiye LiangInformation Fusion · Huaqiao University · Zhejiang Ocean University · +2
  12. 2025
    T2I-ConBench: Text-to-Image Benchmark for Continual Post-trainingZhehao Huang, Yuhang Liu, Yixin Lou … Xiaolin HuangarXiv
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  13. 2025
    A Unified Gradient-based Framework for Task-agnostic Continual Learning-UnlearningZhehao Huang, Xinwen Cheng, Jie Zhang … Xiaolin HuangarXiv
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  14. 2025PDF ↗
  15. 2025
    Joint Flashback Adaptation for Forgetting-Resistant Instruction TuningYukun Zhao, Lingyong Yan, Zhenyang Li … Dawei YinarXiv
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  16. 2025
    ReservoirTTA: Prolonged Test-time Adaptation for Evolving and Recurring DomainsGuillaume Vray, Devavrat Tomar, Xufeng Gao … Behzad BozorgtabarNeurIPS
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  17. 2025PDF ↗
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  19. 2025
    Prompt-Enhanced: Leveraging language representation for prompt continual learning.Wei Li, D. M. Li, Shitong Shao … Zhen LeiNeural Networks · Southeast University · Duke Kunshan University · +2
  20. 2025PDF ↗
  21. 2025
    Class Incremental Learning via Feature Knowledge PromptsJun Ma, Chaoyu Fan, Lihua Shi … Qi KangIEEE 34th Wireless and Optical Communications Conference… · Tongji University
  22. 2025
    ReVLA: Reverting Visual Domain Limitation of Robotic Foundation ModelsSombit Dey, Jan-Nico Zaech, Nikolay Nikolov … Danda Pani PaudelICRA · Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski"
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  23. 2025
    OLiVia-Nav: An Online Lifelong Vision Language Approach for Mobile Robot Social NavigationSiddarth Narasimhan, Aaron Hao Tan, Daniel Choï, Goldie NejatICRA · University of Toronto
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  24. 2025
    M2Distill: Multi-Modal Distillation for Lifelong Imitation LearningKaushik Roy, Akila Dissanayakc, Brendan Tidd, Pcyman MoghadamICRA · Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation · Data61
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  25. 2025
    Dynamic prompt allocation and tuning for continual test-time adaptationChaoran Cui, Yongrui Zhen, Shuai Gong … Yilong YinInformation Sciences · Shandong University of Finance and Economics · Shandong University
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  26. 2025
    LiBOG: Lifelong Learning for Black-Box Optimizer GenerationJiyuan Pei, Yi Mei, Jialin Liu, Mengjie ZhangIJCAI
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  27. 2025
    CLIMB: Language-Guided Continual Learning for Task Planning with Iterative Model BuildingWalker Byrnes, Miroslav Bogdanović, Avi Balakirsky … Animesh GargICRA · Georgia Institute of Technology · University of Toronto · +2
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  28. 2025
    Latency-Aware Online Continual Learning for Non-Stationary Data StreamsHaibo Liu, Da Huo, Zhenzhe Zheng, Fan WuIEEE Conference on Computer Communications
  29. 2025
    VLM-Vac: Enhancing Smart Vacuums Through VLM Knowledge Distillation and Language-Guided Experience ReplayReihaneh Mirjalili, Michael Krawez, Florian Walter, Wolfram BurgardICRA · University of Technology Nuremberg
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  30. 2025
    Attenuating Catastrophic Forgetting of Token-Level Knowledge in Contrastive Sentence Embeddings with Attentive PoolingLiao Saifei, J. Niu, Gerald PennCanadian Conference on Artificial Intelligence · University of Toronto
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  31. 2025
    Duolingo: Dynamics Utilization for Online Translation of ActionsKarthikeya Vemuri, Alan H.B. Wu, Arnav Thareja … Abhishek GuptaICRA · University of Washington · Universidad del Noreste
  32. 2025
    ElasticFed: Collaborative Large-Small Transformer Training for Federated Continual Learning at EdgeYunlai Cheng, Rui Han, Qinglong Zhang, Chi Harold LiuIEEE INFOCOM 2025 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communica… · Beijing Institute of Technology
  33. 2025PDF ↗
  34. 2025
    Online task-free continual learning via Expansible Vision TransformerFei Ye, Adrian G. BorşPattern Recognition · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · University of York
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  35. 2025
    AFCL: Analytic Federated Continual Learning for Spatio-Temporal Invariance of Non-IID DataJianheng Tang, Huiping Zhuang, Jingyu He … Yunhuai LiuarXiv
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  36. 2025
    Controlling ReRAM’s Switching Characteristics with Shadow Memory for Continual LearningSai Sukruth Bezugam, Tanmoy Bhattacharya, Horst Petschenig … Dmitri B. StrukovIEEE International Memory Workshop (IMW) · University of California, Santa Barbara · Graz University of Technology · +1
  37. 2025PDF ↗
  38. 2025
    Continuous Subspace Optimization for Continual LearningQuan Cheng, Yuanyu Wan, Lingyu Wu … Lijun ZhangNeurIPS
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  39. 2025PDF ↗
  40. 2025
    CCD: Continual Consistency Diffusion for Lifelong Generative ModelingJingren Liu, Zhong Ji, Shuning Xu … Xiangyu ChenTIP
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  41. 2025
    SacFL: Self-Adaptive Federated Continual Learning for Resource-Constrained End DevicesZhengyi Zhong, Weidong Bao, Ji Wang … Wei Yang Bryan LimTNNLS · National University of Defense Technology · Sun Yat-sen University · +2
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  42. 2025
    Online task-free continual learning via discrepancy mechanismFei Ye, Adrian G. BorşKnowledge-Based Systems · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · University of York
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  43. 2025
    Privacy-Aware Lifelong LearningOzan Özdenizci, Elmar Rueckert, Robert LegensteinICLR
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  44. 2025PDF ↗
  45. 2025
    Growable and interpretable neural control with online continual learning for autonomous lifelong locomotion learning machinesArthicha Srisuchinnawong, Poramate ManoonpongThe International Journal of Robotics Research · University of Southern Denmark · Maersk (Denmark) · +1
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  46. 2025
    Instance-Prototype Affinity Learning for Non-Exemplar Continual Graph LearningLei Song, Jiaxing Li, Shihan Guan, Youyong KongarXiv
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  47. 2025
    Continual Learning of Large Language Models: A Comprehensive SurveyHaizhou Shi, Zihao Xu, Hengyi Wang … Hao WangACM Computing Surveys · Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey · Google (United States) · +1
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  48. 2025
    Preserving Plasticity in Continual Learning with Adaptive Linearity InjectionSeyed Roozbeh Razavi Rohani, Khashayar Khajavi, Wesley Chung … Sharan VaswaniarXiv
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  49. 2025
    Topological Mapping and Continual LearningNaoyuki Kubota, Takenori Obo, Yuichiro Toda, Naoki MasuyamaJournal of Japan Society for Fuzzy Theory and Intelligent… · Tokyo Metropolitan University · Okayama University · +1
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  50. 2025
    Aya Vision: Advancing the Frontier of Multilingual MultimodalitySaurabh Dash, Nan Yu, John Dang … Sara HookerarXiv
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About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It lists only papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or led by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times. Preprints that later get accepted, and authors who later publish at those venues, are picked up by the weekly run. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.