Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

41 papers of 8,653Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    ASMem: Anchor sparse memory for multi-domain knowledge editing of large language modelsGuanyu Zheng, Zhenyu Wang, Yang Zhao … Chengqing ZongNeural Networks · South China University of Technology · Shandong Institute of Automation · +3
  2. 2025
    Sparse Tuning Enhances Plasticity in PTM-based Continual LearningHuan Zhang, Shenghua Fan, Shuyu Dong … Fan LyuAAAI · Wuhan University · Central China Normal University · +2
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  3. 2026
    Learning Unknowns Without Forgetting Knowns: Compositional and Bidirectional Low-Rank Adaptive Open-World Detection TransformerY. M. Pan, Zhaoquan Yuan, Xiao Wu … Chunqiang XuIEEE TCSVT · Southwest Jiaotong University · Shandong Institute of Automation · +1
  4. 2026
    Prompt grouping for rehearsal-free continual learningYiping Meng, Chen Li, Renchun Gong, Shengsheng QianMultimedia Systems · Tianjin University of Science and Technology · Tianjin University of Technology · +7
  5. 2026
    Emotion-augmented continual learning for empathic robot behaviorYuxuan Zhao, Tongwei Zhang, Siqi Liu … Wei WuExpert Systems with Applications · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Shandong Institute of Automation · +3
  6. 2024
    Experimental demonstration of quantum continual learning with superconducting qubitsChuanyu Zhang, Zhide Lu, Liangtian Zhao … Chao Songnpj Quantum Information · Zhejiang University · ShangHai JiAi Genetics & IVF Institute · +7
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  7. 2023
    Continual Instruction Tuning for Large Multimodal ModelsJinghan He, Haiyun Guo, Kuan Zhu … Jinqiao WangTIP · Shandong Institute of Automation · Institute of Automation
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  8. 2026
    Spectral Disentanglement: Rank-Aware Task Adaptation for Rehearsal-free Continual Learning in LLMsHuanxuan Liao, Shizhu He, Yupu Hao … Kang LiuACL · Shandong Institute of Automation · Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence · +3
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  9. 2026
    Symmetric Image-Text Tuning With Entropy-Guided Fusion for Online Continual Learning in Non-Stationary Visual StreamsLeyuan Wang, Liuyu Xiang, Yujie Wei … Zhaofeng HeTIP · Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications · Shandong Institute of Automation · +1
  10. 2026
    Harmonizing the Past, Present, and Future: A Null-Space Constrained Region-Specific Method for Continual Learning in LLMsJinhui Chen, Shizhu He, Xingchang Yang … Jun ZhaoACL · Shandong Institute of Automation · Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence · +3
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  11. 2025
    Leveraging Multiple Deep Experts for Online Class-incremental LearningZhe Tao, Lu Yu, Hantao Yao, Changsheng XuIEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME) · Tianjin University of Technology · University of Science and Technology of China · +2
  12. 2025
  13. 2025
    Language Guided Concept Bottleneck Models for Interpretable Continual LearningLu Yu, Haoyu Han, Zhe Tao … Chris XuCVPR · Tianjin University of Technology · University of Science and Technology of China · +2
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  14. 2025
    CKDF-V2: Effectively Alleviating Representation Shift for Continual Learning With Small MemoryKunchi Li, Hongyang Chen, Jun Wan, Shan YuTNNLS · Xiamen University of Technology · Zhejiang Lab · +2
  15. 2025
    Prompt-Enhanced: Leveraging language representation for prompt continual learning.Wei Li, D. M. Li, Shitong Shao … Zhen LeiNeural Networks · Southeast University · Duke Kunshan University · +2
  16. 2025
    Enhance the old representations' adaptability dynamically for exemplar-free continual learningKunchi Li, Chaoyue Ding, Jun Wan, Shan YuNeurocomputing · Shandong Institute of Automation · Institute of Automation · +1
  17. 2025
    Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning via Asymmetric Supervised Contrastive LearningDuo Liu, Linglan Zhao, Zhongqiang Zhang … Liang WangIEEE TCSVT · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Tencent (China) · +4
  18. 2025
    Compression and restoration: exploring elasticity in continual test-time adaptationJingwei Li, Chengbao Liu, Xiwei Bai … Yu WangMachine Learning · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Shandong Institute of Automation · +2
  19. 2024
    PILoRA: Prototype Guided Incremental LoRA for Federated Class-Incremental LearningHaiyang Guo, Fei Zhu, Wenzhuo Liu … Cheng‐Lin LiuSpringer LNCS · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Shandong Institute of Automation · +2
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  20. 2024
    Adapt and Refine: A Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learner via Pre-Trained ModelsSunyuan Qiang, Xiong Zhu, Yanyan Liang … Du ZhangSpringer LNCS · Macau University of Science and Technology · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +2
  21. 2024
    Class-incremental learning with Balanced Embedding Discrimination MaximizationQinglai Wei, Weiqin ZhangNeural Networks · Macau University of Science and Technology · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +4
  22. 2024
    MoBoo: Memory-Boosted Vision Transformer for Class-Incremental LearningBolin Ni, Xing Nie, Chenghao Zhang … Shiming XiangIEEE TCSVT · Shandong Institute of Automation · Beijing Institute of Technology
  23. 2024
    Defying Imbalanced Forgetting in Class Incremental LearningXu Shi-xiong, Gaofeng Meng, Xing Nie … Shiming XiangAAAI · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Shandong Institute of Automation · +3
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  24. 2024
    ESDB: Expand the Shrinking Decision Boundary via One-to-Many Information Matching for Continual Learning With Small MemoryKunchi Li, Hongyang Chen, Jun Wan, Shan YuIEEE TCSVT · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Shandong Institute of Automation · +3
  25. 2024
    Spatiotemporal Orthogonal Projection Capsule Network for Incremental Few-Shot Action RecognitionYangbo Feng, Junyu Gao, Changsheng XuIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Tianjin University of Technology · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +5
  26. 2024
    Flexible Weight Tuning and Weight Fusion Strategies for Continual Named Entity RecognitionYahan Yu, Duzhen Zhang, Xiuyi Chen, Chenhui ChuACL · Kyoto University · Shandong Institute of Automation · +1
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  27. 2024
    Class Incremental Learning for Character String RecognitionYijie Hu, Yan‐Ming Zhang, Kaizhu Huang, Qiufeng WangSpringer LNCS · Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +2
  28. 2023
    C2MR: Continual Cross-Modal Retrieval for Streaming Multi-modal DataHuaiwen Zhang, Yang Yang, Fan Qi … Changsheng XuACM International Conference on Multimedia · Inner Mongolia University · Tianjin University of Technology · +2
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  29. 2023
    A Continual Learning Framework for Event Prediction with Temporal Knowledge GraphsFan Yang, Jie Bai, Linjing Li, Daniel ZengIEEE International Conference on Intelligence and Securit… · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Shandong Institute of Automation · +3
  30. 2023
    Dynamic Equilibrium-Based Continual Learning Model with Disentangled Meta-featuresMingyi Zhang, Junge ZhangIEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybern… · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Shandong Institute of Automation
  31. 2023
    A brain-inspired algorithm that mitigates catastrophic forgetting of artificial and spiking neural networks with low computational costTielin Zhang, Xiang Cheng, Shuncheng Jia … Bo XuScience Advances · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Shandong Institute of Automation · +3
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  32. 2023
    Enhancing Efficient Continual Learning with Dynamic Structure Development of Spiking Neural NetworksBing Han, Feifei Zhao, Yi Zeng … Guobin ShenIJCAI · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Shandong Institute of Automation · +2
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  33. 2023
    Mixture Uniform Distribution Modeling and Asymmetric Mix Distillation for Class Incremental LearningSunyuan Qiang, Jiayi Hou, Jun Wan … Du ZhangAAAI · Macau University of Science and Technology · Lafayette College · +2
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  34. 2023
    Imitating the oracle: Towards calibrated model for class incremental learningFei Zhu, Zhen Cheng, Xu-Yao Zhang, Cheng‐Lin LiuNeural Networks · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Shandong Institute of Automation · +3
  35. 2021
    Zero-shot policy generation in lifelong reinforcement learningYiming Qian, Fangzhou Xiong, Zhiyong LiuNeurocomputing · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Shandong Institute of Automation · +2
  36. 2021
    Domain-Lifelong Learning for Dialogue State Tracking via Knowledge Preservation NetworksQingbin Liu, Pengfei Cao, Cao Liu … Jun ZhaoEMNLP · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Shandong Institute of Automation · +5
  37. 2020
    State Primitive Learning to Overcome Catastrophic Forgetting in RoboticsFangzhou Xiong, Zhiyong Liu, Kaizhu Huang … Hong QiaoCognitive Computation · Shandong Institute of Automation · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · +2
  38. 2020
    Encoding primitives generation policy learning for robotic arm to overcome catastrophic forgetting in sequential multi-tasks learningFangzhou Xiong, Zhiyong Liu, Kaizhu Huang … Amir HussainNeural Networks · Shandong Institute of Automation · Institute of Automation · +7
  39. 2019
    Primitives Generation Policy Learning without Catastrophic Forgetting for Robotic ManipulationFangzhou Xiong, Zhiyong Liu, Kaizhu Huang … Amir HussainICDM · Shandong Institute of Automation · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · +4
  40. 2019
    Incremental Learning from Scratch for Task-Oriented Dialogue SystemsWeikang Wang, Jiajun Zhang, Qian Li … Zhifei LiACL · Shandong Institute of Automation · Institute of Automation · +3
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  41. 2018
    Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting with Self-adaptive IdentifiersFangzhou Xiong, Zhiyong Liu, Xu YangSpringer LNCS · Shandong Institute of Automation · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · +2
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.