Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1959 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

11,817 papers · showing 1–50Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    A dual-stage exemplar-free continual learning approach for physical field reconstructionChenying Tang, Ning Wang, Weien Zhou, W. YaoEng. Applications of AI
  2. 2026
    A negative-anchored self-relabeling strategy for multi-label class-incremental learningKaile Du, Junzhou Xie, Fan Lyu … Guangcan LiuNeurocomputing
  3. 2026
    Addressing class imbalance in federated learning: A perspective of catastrophic forgettingXiao-Han Yuan, Ya-Heng Wang, Jin-Lu Xiong … Shu-Yu ChenChaos, Solitons & Fractals
  4. 2026
    Counterfactual distribution intervention for few-shot class-incremental learningJicheng Yuan, Wenfa Li, Lusi Li … Xin NingKnowledge-Based Systems
  5. 2026
    Hyperspherical semantic compensation of vision-language models for continual learningHong-Sheng Zhang, Zhong Ji, Chen Tang, Yanwei PangKnowledge-Based Systems
  6. 2026PDF ↗
  7. 2026
    Restore What Matters: Lessons from Joint Restoration and RecognitionLan-Qing Guo, Xi-Jun Wang, Minchul Kim … Xiao-Ming LiuarXiv
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  8. 2026
    Geometric-to-Semantic Spherical Transfer Learning for Cortical Sulci LabelingSaeb Tounsi, J. Chavas, Pietro Gori … Jean-François ManginarXiv
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  9. 2026
    LifeMem: Enabling Lifelong Experience Reuse for LLM AgentsYu-Li Qiu, Yu-Tong Li, Wei Su … Yuan GuoarXiv
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  10. 2026PDF ↗
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  13. 2026
    KuaiRP Series Role-playing Models Technical ReportYi-Peng Wang, Zi-Wei Zhang, Jia-Hui Zhang … Kai-Cheng ShengarXiv
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  14. 2026PDF ↗
  15. 2026
    Distilling Image Prototypes for Guided Test-Time AdaptationLi-Wen Wang, Xingbo Dong, Iman Yi Liao … Zhe JinarXiv
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  16. 2026PDF ↗
  17. 2026
    When Synthetic Data Hurts: On Catastrophic Forgetting in Skill Retrieval for LLM AgentsS. Murtaza, Yi-Fan Nie, Utkarsh Soni … Arvid FrydenlundarXiv
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  18. 2026PDF ↗
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  20. 2026
    Continual Learning Mechanisms Compose for Long-Horizon MemorizationZheyuan Zhang, Alvin Zhang, Daniel Khashabi, Tian-Min ShuarXiv
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  21. 2026PDF ↗
  22. 2026
    TASTE: Throughput-Aware Batch Size Tuning for On-Device Edge LearningAvik Bhatnagar, Federico Nicolás Peccia, Oliver BringmannarXiv
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  23. 2026PDF ↗
  24. 2026
    Selective Knowledge Control for Continual GUI Agent Learning over Application StreamsZi-Rui Shang, Xing-Zheng Shu, Yang Liu … Li-Feng FanarXiv
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  25. 2026PDF ↗
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  29. 2026
    Mitigating Performance Discrepancy in Cross-Domain 3D Class-Incremental LearningJin-Ge Ma, Gautham Vinod, Bruce Coburn … Feng-Qing ZhuarXiv
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  30. 2026PDF ↗
  31. 2026
    EvoHarnessBench: Can Your Agents Keep Pace with an Evolving Harness?Zi-Xuan Ke, Vaidehi Patil, Hai-Zhou Shi … Shafiq JotyarXiv
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  32. 2026
    Local Updates, Global Learning (LUGL): Playing Games with non-incremental LearnersDavid Milec, Spyridon Samothrakis, Michael Fairbank, D. J. SoemersIEEE Transactions
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  33. 2026
    Towards Understanding Pause Token Fine-Tuning Dynamics: A Mode Retention PerspectiveJaehyeon Kim, Suhwan Kim, Nakyung Lee … Jungwoo LeearXiv
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  34. 2026
    Connectome analysis of a cerebellum-like circuit for sensory prediction.Krista E. Perks, Mariela D. Petkova, Salomon Z. Muller … Nathaniel B. SawtellNature
  35. 2026
    A Few-Shot Load Identification Method with Class-Incremental LearningSheng-Chen Zhao, Bo Yin, Yi-Yun Guo, Yue SunEnergies
  36. 2026
    MASkills: Continual Skills Optimization for Multi-Agent LLM SystemsHuaiyuan Yao, Xiaoou Liu, Charles Fleming … Hua WeiarXiv
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  37. 2026
  38. 2026
    HarnessEvolve: Learning from Reference Trajectories for Reliable Agent Self-EvolutionWen Jiang, Ming-Min Chu, Yiding Tian … Fang-Ming LiarXiv
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  39. 2026
    A scalable complexity-regularized modular network for continual learningZi-Ye Fang, Bo Wan, Shang-Qi Guo, Jian K. LiuNeurocomputing
  40. 2026
    AFcl: Asynchronous federated continual learning with mobile devices across edgesYinlong Li, Siyao Cheng, Hao Zhang … Zhiyong ChenAdvanced Engineering Informatics
  41. 2026
    Class-incremental feature selection based on neighborhood probabilistic rough setsXiao-Ling Yang, Yao Li, Hong-Mei Chen … Sha-Sha FengInformation Sciences
  42. 2026
    Eliciting CLIP's intrinsic attribute knowledge through a dual-cache guided mechanism for class-incremental learningShengcheng Ye, Ziyi Wang, Yaomin Huang … Guixu ZhangKnowledge-Based Systems
  43. 2026
    Emergence of Fibrations, Compression, and Symmetry Breaking in Artificial Neural NetworksO. Velarde, Lucas C. Parra, Alireza Hashemi, Hernán A. MaksearXiv
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  44. 2026
  45. 2026
  46. 2026
    Pattern in Motion: Retrieval-Augmented Learning for Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Graphs.Haoyu Zhang, Xinke Jiang, Wentao Zhang … Heqing HuangTPAMI
  47. 2026
  48. 2026
    SRANK: Towards Semantic-Aware Ranking-Based Evaluation for Continual Learning of Vision-Language ModelsSuvam Dey, Debarshi Brahma, Soma BiswasInternational Conference on Information Photonics
  49. 2026
    Task-Adaptive Sparse Update for Efficient Continual LearningTakuma Ishibashi, Hikari Otsuka, Junnosuke Suzuki … Masato MotomuraInternational Conference on Information Photonics
  50. 2026
    Use Your PIN Securely: Acoustic-Based Second-Factor User Authentication With Enhanced Tap BiometricsFeiyu Han, Ze-Lei Wang, Yuan-Hao Feng … Zhang-Jie FuIEEE Transactions
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.