Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1959 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

62 papers of 11,817 · showing 1–50Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    Counterfactual distribution intervention for few-shot class-incremental learningJicheng Yuan, Wenfa Li, Lusi Li … Xin NingKnowledge-Based Systems
  2. 2026
    Hyperspherical semantic compensation of vision-language models for continual learningHong-Sheng Zhang, Zhong Ji, Chen Tang, Yanwei PangKnowledge-Based Systems
  3. 2026
    Eliciting CLIP's intrinsic attribute knowledge through a dual-cache guided mechanism for class-incremental learningShengcheng Ye, Ziyi Wang, Yaomin Huang … Guixu ZhangKnowledge-Based Systems
  4. 2026
    Continual learning via dynamic expandable task-specific and general representationsQihe Liu, Yong Zhong, Fei Ye … Shi-Jie ZhouKnowledge-Based Systems
  5. 2026
    KTR: Structure-aware replay for continual learning on hypergraphsYanxin Hu, Zhenzhen Xie, Junjie Pang, Chao ChengKnowledge-Based Systems
  6. 2026
    Adaptive drift aware continual learning with pool-based model reuse for time series applicationsDanlei Li, Mingyu Fan, Nirmal Nair, Kevin I.-Kai WangKnowledge-Based Systems
  7. 2026
  8. 2026
    Few-shot class-incremental learning based on prompt guidance and multimodal fusionHaoming Fang, Haonan Cai, Keming Mao … Xinlu XiaoKnowledge-Based Systems
  9. 2026
    Dynamic expansion orthogonal network for class-incremental learningMingda Dong, Zhizhong Zhang, Xin Tan … Yuan XieKnowledge-Based Systems
  10. 2026
  11. 2026
  12. 2025
    HMEN: A hybrid modular network with dynamic expansion for continual learningZi-Ye Fang, Bo Wan, Shang-Qi Guo, Jian K. LiuKnowledge-Based Systems
  13. 2025
    FedMTL: Adaptive multi-teacher knowledge distillation for federated continual learningLeiming Chen, Dehai Zhao, Yong-Biao Gao … Chee-Wei TanKnowledge-Based Systems
  14. 2025
    Multi-modality integrated class incremental learning networks for 3D object recognitionYufei Zhang, Dongyun Lin, Xiao Zhang … Hui-Ping ZhuangKnowledge-Based Systems
  15. 2025
  16. 2025
    ForestryBERT: A pre-trained language model with continual learning adapted to changing forestry textJingwei Tan, Huaiqing Zhang, Jie Yang … Xiqin LiuKnowledge-Based Systems
  17. 2025
    RACE: Robust adaptive and clustering elimination for noisy labels in continual learningXiaolong Yang, Guannan Lai, Dan Meng … Xin YangKnowledge-Based Systems
  18. 2025
    TSPT: Two-Step Prompt Tuning for class-incremental novel class discoveryJiayu An, Zhenbang Du, Herui Zhang, Dongrui WuKnowledge-Based Systems
  19. 2025PDF ↗
  20. 2025
  21. 2025
  22. 2025
    Continual learning by gradient monitoring for remaining useful lifetime estimationSayed Rafay Bin Shah, A. SchwungKnowledge-Based Systems
  23. 2025
    Effective Generative Replay with Strong Memory for Continual LearningJing Yang, Xinyu Zhou, Yao He … Changfu ZhangKnowledge-Based Systems
  24. 2025
  25. 2025
    FeNeC: Enhancing Continual Learning via Feature Clustering with Neighbor- or Logit-Based ClassificationKamil Książek, Hubert Jastrzebski, Krzysztof Pniaczek … Jacek TaborKnowledge-Based Systems
    PDF ↗
  26. 2025
    STCKGE: Continual knowledge graph embedding based on spatial transformationXinyan Wang, Jinshuo Liu, Kaijian Xie … Jeff Z. PanKnowledge-Based Systems
    PDF ↗
  27. 2025
  28. 2025PDF ↗
  29. 2025
    Information-Theoretic Dual Memory System for Continual LearningRunQing Wu, Kaihui Huang, Hanyi Zhang … Fei YeKnowledge-Based Systems
    PDF ↗
  30. 2025
  31. 2025
    Knowledge-guided prompt-based continual learning: Aligning task-prompts through contrastive hard negativesHeng-yang Lu, Long Lin, Chenyou Fan … Xiaojun WuKnowledge-Based Systems
  32. 2025
    Fed-GCC: Global classifier consensus for conventional/task-free federated class-incremental learningDianqi Liu, Liang Bai, Yanming Guo … Tianyuan YuKnowledge-Based Systems
  33. 2024
  34. 2024
    FACT: Feature Adaptive Continual-learning Tracker for Multiple Object TrackingRongzihan Song, Zhenyu Weng, Huiping Zhuang … Zhiping LinKnowledge-Based Systems
    PDF ↗
  35. 2024PDF ↗
  36. 2024
    A safety realignment framework via subspace-oriented model fusion for large language modelsXin Yi, Shunfan Zheng, Linlin Wang … Liang HeKnowledge-Based Systems
    PDF ↗
  37. 2024
    Sharpness-aware gradient guidance for few-shot class-incremental learningRun-Hang Chen, Xiao-Yuan Jing, Fei Wu, Haowen ChenKnowledge-Based Systems
  38. 2024
    Diverse and Tailored Image Generation for Zero-shot Multi-label ClassificationKaixin Zhang, Zhixiang Yuan, Tao HuangKnowledge-Based Systems
    PDF ↗
  39. 2024
    REAL: Representation Enhanced Analytic Learning for Exemplar-free Class-incremental LearningRun He, Di Fang, Yizhu Chen … Huiping ZhuangKnowledge-Based Systems
    PDF ↗
  40. 2024
  41. 2023
    Learning to complement: Relation complementation network for few-shot class-incremental learningYe Wang, Ya-Xiong Wang, Guoshuai Zhao, Xueming QianKnowledge-Based Systems
  42. 2023
    Semantic alignment with self-supervision for class incremental learningZhiling Fu, Zhe Wang, Xinlei Xu … Weichao DingKnowledge-Based Systems
  43. 2023PDF ↗
  44. 2022
    Online Attentive Kernel-Based Temporal Difference LearningXingguo Chen, Guang Yang, Shangdong Yang … Yang GaoKnowledge-Based Systems · Beijing Technology and Business University · Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications · +3
    PDF ↗
  45. 2023
    Class-wise federated unlearning: Harnessing active forgetting with teacher-student memory generationYuyuan Li, Chaochao Chen, Xiaolin Zheng, Jiaming ZhangKnowledge-Based Systems
    PDF ↗
  46. 2023
    Multi-feature space similarity supplement for few-shot class incremental learningXinlei Xu, Saisai Niu, Zhe Wang … Hai YangKnowledge-Based Systems
  47. 2022
    LLEDA - Lifelong Self-Supervised Domain AdaptationMamatha Thota, Dewei Yi, Georgios LeontidisKnowledge-Based Systems
    PDF ↗
  48. 2022
    Continual learning-based trajectory prediction with memory augmented networksBiao Yang, Fucheng Fan, Rongrong Ni … Xiaofeng LiuKnowledge-Based Systems · Hohai University · Changzhou University · +1
  49. 2022
    Hierarchical Correlations Replay for Continual LearningQiang Wang, Jiayi Liu, Zhong Ji … Zhongfei ZhangKnowledge-Based Systems · Tianjin University · Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology · +1
  50. 2022
    Continual learning classification method with the weighted k-nearest neighbor rule for time-varying data space based on the artificial immune systemDong Li, Ming Gu, Shulin Liu … Kun QianKnowledge-Based Systems · Changzhou University · Shanghai University
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.