Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1959 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

52 papers of 11,817 · showing 1–50Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
  2. 2026
  3. 2026
  4. 2026
  5. 2026
  6. 2026
    Sustained darkness reveals rapid phenotypic accommodation and loss of plasticity in cavefish evolutionLaura Guerrero Pena, M. Horvatiček, M. Čupić … Helena BilandžijabioRxiv
  7. 2026
  8. 2026PDF ↗
  9. 2026
    Training constrains neural routes to knowledge assemblyQisi Wang, C. French, P. Bansiya … S. NellibioRxiv
  10. 2026
  11. 2026
  12. 2026
    Neural representations supporting generalization under continual learningDaniel L. Kimmel, Kimberly L. Stachenfeld, N. Kriegeskorte … Daphna ShohamybioRxiv
  13. 2025
    Hippocampal indexing alters the stability landscape of synaptic weight space allowing life-long learningOscar C. González, Ryan Golden, Erik Delanois … Maxim BazhenovbioRxiv
  14. 2025
  15. 2025
  16. 2025
  17. 2025
    Assembly-based computations through contextual dendritic gating of plasticitySebastian Onasch, Christoph Miehl, M. M. Miękus, Julijana GjorgjievabioRxiv
  18. 2025
  19. 2025
  20. 2025
    Neural signatures of motor memories emerge in neural network modelsJoanna C. Chang, C. Clopath, J. A. GallegobioRxiv
  21. 2025
    A canonical cortical electronic circuit for neuromorphic intelligenceMaryada, C. De Luca, Arianna Rubino … Giacomo IndiveribioRxiv
  22. 2025
    Recasting adaptation as strategy inferenceSami Beaumont, Mehdi Khamassi, Philippe DomenechbioRxiv
  23. 2025
  24. 2025
    An invariant schema emerges within a neural network during hierarchical learning of visual boundariesJames R. Elder, Jie Zheng, Lydia B. Shimelis … Mi-Lo M. LinbioRxiv
  25. 2025
    Mental Schema Reduces Cognitive Load and Facilitates Emergence of Novel Responses in Mice and Artificial Neural NetworksVikram Pal Singh, Shruti Shridhar, Shankanava Kundu … Balaji JayaprakashbioRxiv
  26. 2025
    Addressing the “open world”: detecting and segmenting pollen on palynological slides with deep learningJennifer T. Feng, Sandeep Puthanveetil Satheesan, Shuqing Kong … S. PunyasenabioRxiv
  27. 2024
  28. 2024
  29. 2024
  30. 2022
    Fast adaptation to rule switching using neuronal surpriseMartin Barry, Wulfram GerstnerbioRxiv · École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
  31. 2022
    Operative dimensions in unconstrained connectivity of recurrent neural networksRenate Krause, Matthew Cook, Sepp Kollmorgen … Giacomo IndiveribioRxiv · SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics · University of Zurich · +1
  32. 2022
    Memory Consolidation with Orthogonal Gradients for avoiding Catastrophic ForgettingTamizharasan Kanagamani, Rupak Krishnamurthy, V. Srinivasa Chakravarthy … Ramshekhar N. MenonbioRxiv · Indian Institute of Technology Madras · Robert Bosch (India) · +1
  33. 2022
    Interplay between rule learning and rule switching in a perceptual categorization taskFlora Bouchacourt, S. Tafazoli, Marcelo G. Mattar … Nathaniel D. DawbioRxiv · Princeton University · University of California San Diego
  34. 2021
    Beyond gradients: Factorized, geometric control of interference and generalizationDavid M. Scott, Michael J. FrankbioRxiv · Brown University · Allen Institute for Brain Science
  35. 2021
    A biologically inspired architecture with switching units can learn to generalize across backgroundsDoris Voina, Eric Shea‐Brown, Ştefan MihalaşbioRxiv · University of Washington · University of Washington Applied Physics Laboratory · +2
  36. 2021
    Going Beyond the Point Neuron: Active Dendrites and Sparse Representations for Continual LearningKaran Grewal, Jérémy Forest, Benjamin P. Cohen, Subutai AhmadbioRxiv · Numerica Corporation (United States) · Lumentum (United States)
  37. 2021
    A Biologically Plausible Model for Continual Learning using Synaptic Weight AttractorsRomik Ghosh, D. Mastrovito, Ştefan MihalaşbioRxiv · Ohio University · Allen Institute · +3
  38. 2021
    Artificial Neural Networks for classification of single cell gene expressionJiahui Zhong, Minjie Lyu, Huan Jin … Vladimir BrusićbioRxiv · University of Nottingham Ningbo China · Tongji University · +5
  39. 2021
    Using top-down modulation to optimally balance shared versus separated task representationsPieter Verbeke, Tom VergutsbioRxiv · Ghent University Hospital
  40. 2021
    Presynaptic stochasticity improves energy efficiency and helps alleviate the stability-plasticity dilemmaSimon Schug, Frederik Benzing, Angelika StegerbioRxiv · SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics · University of Zurich · +1
  41. 2021
    Meta-learning local synaptic plasticity for continual familiarity detectionDanil Tyulmankov, Guangyu Robert Yang, L. F. AbbottbioRxiv · Columbia University
  42. 2020
    A mathematical model for storage and recovery of motor actions in the spinal cordDavid Parker, Vipin SrivastavabioRxiv · University of Cambridge · University of Hyderabad
  43. 2020
    Global change adaptation reduces plasticity and limits future resilienceReid S. Brennan, James A. deMayo, Hans G. Dam … Melissa H. PespenibioRxiv · University of Vermont · University of Connecticut
  44. 2020
    The hippocampal formation as a hierarchical generative model supporting generative replay and continual learningIvilin Peev Stoianov, Domenico Maisto, Giovanni PezzulobioRxiv · National Research Council · Institute of Cognitive Sciences and Technologies
  45. 2019
  46. 2019
    Interleaved training prevents catastrophic forgetting in spiking neural networksRyan Golden, Jean Erik Delanois, Pavel Šanda, Maxim BazhenovbioRxiv · University of California San Diego · Czech Academy of Sciences · +1
  47. 2019
    Synaptic weight decay with selective consolidation enables fast learning without catastrophic forgettingPascal Leimer, Michael H. Herzog, Walter SennbioRxiv · University of Bern · École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
  48. 2019
    Ultra-local adaptation due to genetic accommodationSyuan‐Jyun Sun, Andrew M. Catherall, Sónia Pascoal … Rebecca M. KilnerbioRxiv · University of Cambridge · Michigan State University · +1
  49. 2018
    Sparse Coding with a Somato-Dendritic RuleDamien Drix, Verena V. Hafner, Michael SchmukerbioRxiv · University of Hertfordshire · Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin · +1
  50. 2018
    A Neural Model of Schemas and Memory ConsolidationTiffany Hwu, Jeffrey L. KrichmarbioRxiv · University of California, Irvine
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.