Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1991 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

4,574 papers · showing 1651–1700Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2024PDF ↗
  2. 2024
    Expert Routing with Synthetic Data for Continual LearningYewon Byun, Sanket Vaibhav Mehta, Saurabh Garg … Zachary C. LiptonICML
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  3. 2024
    Chained Tuning Leads to Biased ForgettingMegan Ung, Sun, Alicia, Samuel J. Bell … Adina WilliamsarXiv
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  4. 2024
    Uncertainty Quantification in Continual Open-World LearningAmanda Rios, Ibrahima J. Ndiour, Parual Datta … Nilesh AhujaarXiv
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  5. 2024
    Theory of Mixture-of-Experts for Mobile Edge ComputingHongbo Li, Lingjie DuanIEEE Conference on Computer Communications
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  6. 2025PDF ↗
  7. 2025PDF ↗
  8. 2025
    Enhancing Consistency and Mitigating Bias: A Data Replay Approach for Incremental LearningChenyang Wang, Junjun Jiang, Xingyu Hu … Xiangyang JiNeural Networks · Harbin Institute of Technology · Tsinghua University
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  9. 2024
    In-context Continual Learning Assisted by an External Continual LearnerSaleh Momeni, Sahisnu Mazumder, Zixuan Ke, Bing LiuCOLING
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  10. 2024
    MR-GDINO: Efficient Open-World Continual Object DetectionBowen Dong, Zitong Huang, Guanglei Yang … Wangmeng ZuoarXiv
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  11. 2024PDF ↗
  12. 2024
    Stability through plasticity: Finding robust memories through representational driftMaanasa Natrajan, James E. FitzgeraldbioRxiv · Northwestern University · Howard Hughes Medical Institute · +3
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  13. 2024
    Hierarchical Subspaces of Policies for Continual Offline Reinforcement LearningAnthony Kobanda, Rémy Portelas, Odalric-Ambrym Maillard, Ludovic DenoyerarXiv · Ubisoft (France)
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  14. 2024PDF ↗
  15. 2025PDF ↗
  16. 2024PDF ↗
  17. 2026
    Modality-Inconsistent Continual Learning of Multimodal Large Language ModelsWeiguo Pian, Shijian Deng, Shentong Mo … Yapeng TianTMLR
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  18. 2024
    CALA: A Class-Aware Logit Adapter for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningChengyan Liu, Linglan Zhao, Fan Lv … Tao ZhouarXiv
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  19. 2025
    Region-Based Optimization in Continual Learning for Audio Deepfake DetectionYujie Chen, Jiangyan Yi, Cunhang Fan … Xiaohui ZhangAAAI
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  20. 2025
    Continual Learning: Forget-Free Winning Subnetworks for Video RepresentationsHaeyong Kang, Jaehong Yoon, Sung Ju Hwang, Chang D. YooTPAMI · Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
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  21. 2024PDF ↗
  22. 2024
    FPPL: An Efficient and Non-IID Robust Federated Continual Learning FrameworkYuchen He, Chuyun Shen, Xiangfeng Wang, Bo JinIEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData) · East China Normal University · Tongji University
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  23. 2024
    Masked Autoencoders are Parameter-Efficient Federated Continual LearnersYuchen He, Xiangfeng WangIEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData) · East China Normal University
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  24. 2024
    Poly Instance Recurrent Neural Network for Real-time Lifelong Learning at the Low-power EdgeShamil Al-Ameen, Bharath Sudharsan, Tejus Vijayakumar … Rajiv RanjanIEEE International Conference on Big Data (BigData) · Newcastle University · University of Limerick
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  25. 2024PDF ↗
  26. 2024
    Adapter-Enhanced Semantic Prompting for Continual LearningBaocai Yin, Zhao Ji, Huajie Jiang … Yuankai QiarXiv
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  27. 2024PDF ↗
  28. 2024
    BgGPT 1.0: Extending English-centric LLMs to other languagesAnton Alexandrov, Veselin Raychev, Dimitar I. Dimitrov … Kristina ToutanovaarXiv
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  29. 2024
    Linked Adapters: Linking Past and Future to Present for Effective Continual LearningDupati Srikar Chandra, P. K. Srijith, Dana Rezazadegan, Chris McCarthyKDD
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  30. 2025
    Relation-Guided Adversarial Learning for Data-Free Knowledge TransferYingping Liang, Ying FuIJCV · Beijing Institute of Technology
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  31. 2024
    EXACFS - A CIL Method to Mitigate Catastrophic ForgettingS. Balasubramanian, Sai Subramaniam M, Sai Sriram Talasu … Ravi MukkamalaFifteenth Indian Conference on Computer Vision Graphics a… · Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning · Old Dominion University
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  32. 2024
    Revised Regularization for Efficient Continual Learning through Correlation-Based Parameter Update in Bayesian Neural Networks✱Sanchar Palit, Biplab Banerjee, Subhasis ChaudhuriFifteenth Indian Conference on Computer Vision Graphics a… · Indian Institute of Technology Bombay
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  33. 2024
    CONCLAD: COntinuous Novel CLAss DetectorAmanda Rios, Ibrahima J. Ndiour, Parual Datta … Nilesh AhujaarXiv
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  34. 2025
    MOS: Model Surgery for Pre-Trained Model-Based Class-Incremental LearningHai-Long Sun, Da-Wei Zhou, Hanbin Zhao … Han-Jia YeAAAI
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  35. 2025PDF ↗
  36. 2025PDF ↗
  37. 2025
    Similarity-based context aware continual learning for spiking neural networksBing Han, Feifei Zhao, Yang Li … Yi ZengNeural Networks · Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology · Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence · +3
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  38. 2024
    Towards Robust and Fair Vision Learning in Open-World EnvironmentsThanh-Dat TruongJournal of the Arkansas Academy of Science
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  39. 2025
    Adaptive Prompting for Continual Relation Extraction: A Within-Task Variance PerspectiveMinh Thu Le, Tien Ngoc Luu, An Nguyen The … Thien Huu NguyenAAAI
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  40. 2024
    Incremental Learning of Affordances using Markov Logic NetworksGeorge B.G. Potter, Gertjan J. Burghouts, Joris SijsEighth IEEE International Conference on Robotic Computing… · Delft University of Technology
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  41. 2024
    Efficient Continual Learning for Small Language Models with a Discrete Key-Value BottleneckAndor Diera, Lukas Galke, Fabian Karl, Ansgar ScherpInternational Conference on Natural Language and Speech P…
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  42. 2025
    Efficient Online Reinforcement Learning Fine-Tuning Need Not Retain Offline DataZhiyuan Zhou, Peng, Andy, Qiyang Li … Aviral KumarICLR
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  43. 2024
    Parseval Regularization for Continual Reinforcement LearningWesley Chung, Lynn Cherif, David Meger, Doina PrecupNeurIPS
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  44. 2024
    Adaptive LoRA Merging for Efficient Domain Incremental LearningLuigi Quarantiello, Eric Coleman, Julio Hurtado, Vincenzo LomonacoNeurIPS · University of Warwick
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  45. 2025PDF ↗
  46. 2024
    Recent Advances of Foundation Language Models-based Continual Learning: A SurveyYutao Yang, Jie Zhou, Xuanwen Ding … Liang HeACM Computing Surveys · East China Normal University
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  47. 2024
    Continual Learning for Segment Anything Model AdaptationJinglong Yang, Yichen Wu, Jun Cen … Jianguo ZhangarXiv
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  48. 2024PDF ↗
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  50. 2024PDF ↗
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It lists only papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or led by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times, and only papers with a PDF we can point you at, so every title opens the paper itself. Preprints that later get accepted, and authors who later publish at those venues, are picked up by the weekly run. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.