Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1959 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

25 papers of 11,817Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    Continual Evolution Strategies in Control TasksNicola Pitzalis, Eleni Nisioti, Antonio Carta … Andrea CossuGECCO Companion
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  2. 2026
    A practical guide to streaming continual learningAndrea Cossu, Federico Giannini, Giacomo Ziffer … Davide BacciuNeurocomputing
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  3. 2025
    Lifelong Evolution of SwarmsL. Leuzzi, Simon Jones, Sabine Hauert … Andrea CossuAnnual Conference on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation
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  4. 2025
    Don't drift away: Advances and Applications of Streaming and Continual LearningAndrea Cossu, Davide Bacciu, Alessio Bernardo … Giacomo ZifferThe European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks
  5. 2024
    I Know How: Combining Prior Policies to Solve New TasksMalio Li, Elia Piccoli, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuIEEE Conference on Games (CoG)
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  6. 2024
    Drifting explanations in continual learningAndrea Cossu, F. Spinnato, Riccardo Guidotti, Davide BacciuNeurocomputing
  7. 2024
    Calibration of Continual Learning ModelsLan-Pei Li, Elia Piccoli, Andrea Cossu … Vincenzo LomonacoCVPR
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  8. 2024PDF ↗
  9. 2024
    Adaptive Hyperparameter Optimization for Continual Learning ScenariosRudy Semola, J. Hurtado, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuCLAI Unconf
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  10. 2022
    Memory Population in Continual Learning via Outlier EliminationJulio Hurtado, Alain Raymond-Sáez, Vladimir Araujo … Davide BacciuICCV · University of Pisa · Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile · +1
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  11. 2022
    Sample Condensation in Online Continual LearningMattia Sangermano, Antonio Carta, Andrea Cossu, Davide BacciuIJCNN · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
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  12. 2022
    Continual Learning for Human State MonitoringFederico Matteoni, Andrea Cossu, Claudio Gallicchio … Davide BacciuThe European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks
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  13. 2022PDF ↗
  14. 2021
    Ex-Model: Continual Learning from a Stream of Trained ModelsAntonio Carta, Andrea Cossu, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuCVPR · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
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  15. 2022
    Continual Pre-Training Mitigates Forgetting in Language and VisionAndrea Cossu, Tinne Tuytelaars, Antonio Carta … Davide BacciuNeural Networks
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  16. 2021
    Is Class-Incremental Enough for Continual Learning?Andrea Cossu, Gabriele Graffieti, Lorenzo Pellegrini … Vincenzo LomonacoFrontiers · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore · +1
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  17. 2022
    Catastrophic Forgetting in Deep Graph Networks: A Graph Classification BenchmarkAntonio Carta, Andrea Cossu, Federico Errica, Davide BacciuFrontiers · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
  18. 2021
    Distilled Replay: Overcoming Forgetting through Synthetic SamplesAndrea Rosasco, Antonio Carta, Andrea Cossu … Davide BacciuSpringer LNCS · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
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  19. 2022
    Practical Recommendations for Replay-based Continual Learning MethodsGabriele Merlin, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Andrea Cossu … Davide BacciuSpringer LNCS · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
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  20. 2022
    Avalanche RL: a Continual Reinforcement Learning LibraryNicoló Lucchesi, Antonio Carta, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuSpringer LNCS · University of Pisa
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  21. 2021
    Continual Learning for Recurrent Neural Networks: an Empirical EvaluationAndrea Cossu, Antonio Carta, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuNeural Networks · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore · +1
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  22. 2021
    Avalanche: an End-to-End Library for Continual LearningVincenzo Lomonaco, Lorenzo Pellegrini, Andrea Cossu … Davide MaltoniCVPR · University of Pisa · University of Bologna · +12
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  23. 2021PDF ↗
  24. 2021
    Continual Learning with Echo State NetworksAndrea Cossu, Davide Bacciu, Antonio Carta … Vincenzo LomonacoESANN 2021 proceedings · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore · +1
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  25. 2020
    Continual Learning with Gated Incremental Memories for sequential data processingAndrea Cossu, Antonio Carta, Davide BacciuIEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Network · University of Pisa
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About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.