Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

22 papers of 8,653Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2025
    Continual Learning for Streaming Data with Dynamic Memory Allocation and Drift-Aware RehearsalYan Lu, Alessandro RossiInternational Journal of Computational and Biological Sci… · University of Toronto
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  2. 2025
    Rethinking softmax in incremental learningZheng Zhai, Jiali Zhang, Haiyu Wang … Qiang SunNeural Networks · Beijing Normal-Hong Kong Baptist University · Beijing Normal University · +4
  3. 2025
  4. 2024
    OLiVia-Nav: An Online Lifelong Vision Language Approach for Mobile Robot Social NavigationSiddarth Narasimhan, Aaron Hao Tan, Daniel Choï, Goldie NejatICRA · University of Toronto
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  5. 2024
    CLIMB: Language-Guided Continual Learning for Task Planning with Iterative Model BuildingWalker Byrnes, Miroslav Bogdanović, Avi Balakirsky … Animesh GargICRA · Georgia Institute of Technology · University of Toronto · +2
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  6. 2025
    Attenuating Catastrophic Forgetting of Token-Level Knowledge in Contrastive Sentence Embeddings with Attentive PoolingLiao Saifei, J. Niu, Gerald PennCanadian Conference on Artificial Intelligence · University of Toronto
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  7. 2025
    DCSR: A deep continual learning-based scheme for image super resolution using knowledge distillationAlireza Esmaeilzehi, Hossein Zaredar, M. Omair AhmadApplied Intelligence · University of Toronto · Amirkabir University of Technology · +1
  8. 2025
    Research on the Online Update Method for Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) Model with Incremental LearningYuxin Fan, Yuxiang Wang, Lipeng Liu … Zidong YuInternational Conference on Neural Networks, Information… · University of Toronto · Stevens Institute of Technology · +3
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  9. 2024
    Wake-Sleep Energy Based Models for Continual LearningVaibhav Singh, Anna Choromanska, Shuang Li, Yilun DuCVPR · Centre Universitaire de Mila · New York University · +2
  10. 2023
    MetaGCD: Learning to Continually Learn in Generalized Category DiscoveryYanan Wu, Zhixiang Chi, Yang Wang, Songhe FengICCV · Beijing Jiaotong University · University of Toronto · +1
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  11. 2023
    Preserving Linear Separability in Continual Learning by Backward Feature ProjectionQiao Gu, Dongsub Shim, Florian ShkurtiCVPR · University of Toronto
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  12. 2020
    CVPR 2020 Continual Learning in Computer Vision Competition: Approaches, Results, Current Challenges and Future DirectionsVincenzo Lomonaco, Lorenzo Pellegrini, Pau Rodríguez … Davide MaltoniArtificial Intelligence · University of Bologna · Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute · +7
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  13. 2021
    Online Continual Learning in Image Classification: An Empirical SurveyZheda Mai, Ruiwen Li, Jihwan Jeong … Scott SannerNeurocomputing · University of New Brunswick · University of Toronto · +1
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  14. 2021
    A Novel Approach to Lifelong Learning: The Plastic Support StructureGeorges Kanaan, Kai Wen Zheng, Lucas FenauxarXiv · University of Toronto
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  15. 2021PDF ↗
  16. 2020
    Continual Model-Based Reinforcement Learning with HypernetworksYizhou Huang, Kevin Xie, Homanga Bharadhwaj, Florian ShkurtiICRA · University of Toronto
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  17. 2020
    Online Class-Incremental Continual Learning with Adversarial Shapley ValueDongsub Shim, Zheda Mai, Jihwan Jeong … Jongseong JangAAAI · University of Toronto
  18. 2021
    Adversarial Shapley Value Experience Replay for Task-Free Continual LearningDongsub Shim, Zheda Mai, Jihwan Jeong … Jongseong JangAAAI · University of Toronto
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  19. 2020
    Batch-level Experience Replay with Review for Continual LearningZheda Mai, Hyunwoo Kim, Jihwan Jeong, Scott SannerarXiv · University of Toronto
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  20. 2020
    Wandering within a World: Online Contextualized Few-Shot LearningMengye Ren, Michael L. Iuzzolino, Michael C. Mozer, Richard S. ZemelarXiv · University of Toronto · University of Colorado Boulder · +1
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  21. 2020
    BatchEnsemble: An Alternative Approach to Efficient Ensemble and Lifelong LearningYeming Wen, Dustin Tran, Jimmy BaICLR · University of Toronto · Google (United States)
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  22. 2014
    Neocortical catastrophic interference in healthy and amnesic adults: A paradoxical matter of timeMaayan Merhav, Avi Karni, Asaf GilboaHippocampus · Carmel (Israel) · University of Haifa · +3
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.