Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

45 papers of 8,653Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    PAL: Prompting Analytic Learning with Missing Modality for Multi-Modal Class-Incremental LearningXianghu Yue, Yiming Chen, Xueyi Zhang … Haizhou LiPattern Recognition · Tianjin University · National University of Singapore · +4
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  2. 2026
    From Storage to Experience: A Survey on the Evolution of LLM Agent Memory MechanismsJinghao Luo, Yuchen Tian, Chuxue Cao … Jing MaACL · South China Normal University · Hong Kong Baptist University · +3
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  3. 2026
    PASs-MoE: Mitigating Misaligned Co-drift among Router and Experts via Pathway Activation Subspaces for Continual LearningZhiyan Hou, Haiyun Guo, Haokai Ma … Jinqiao WangACL · Chinese Academy of Sciences · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · +2
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  4. 2025
    Multi-Modal Continual Learning via Cross-Modality Adapters and Representation Alignment with Knowledge PreservationEvelyn Chee, Wynne Hsu, Mong Li LeeFrontiers · National University of Singapore
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  5. 2025
    Generalization-Preserved Learning: Closing the Backdoor to Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Deepfake DetectionXi Zhang, Peiyin Zhu, Chengwei Zhang … Yanming GuoICCV · National University of Defense Technology · National University of Singapore · +4
  6. 2025
    MONET: Multi-Modal Online Continual Learning with Novelty EstimationEvelyn Chee, Wynne Hsu, Mong Li LeeICCV · National University of Singapore
  7. 2025
    ProtoGuard-Guided PROPEL: Class-Aware Prototype Enhancement and Progressive Labeling for Incremental 3D Point Cloud SegmentationHaosheng Li, Yuecong Xu, Junjie Chen, Kemi DingRA-L · Southern University of Science and Technology · National University of Singapore
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  8. 2025
    Self-Supervised Continual Graph Learning via Adaptive Spaced Replay on Node ProxiesZhen Peng, Xu Hua, Jingchen Hao … Chao ShenKDD · Xi'an Jiaotong University · National University of Singapore · +1
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  9. 2025
    Visuo-Tactile Class-Incremental LearningHao Fu, Fengyu Yang, Boyang Wang … Hui QianACM Transactions · Zhejiang University · Yale University · +3
  10. 2025
    Rethinking Continual Knowledge Graph Embedding: Benchmarks and AnalysisTianzhe Zhao, Jiaoyan Chen, Yanchi Ru … Jun LiuSIGIR · Xi'an Jiaotong University · University of Manchester · +3
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  11. 2025
    Ferret: An Efficient Online Continual Learning Framework under Varying Memory ConstraintsYuhao Zhou, Yuxin Tian, Jindi Lv … Jiancheng LvCVPR · Sichuan University · National University of Singapore · +3
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  12. 2025
    Uncertainty-Calibrated Test-Time Model Adaptation Without ForgettingMingkui Tan, Guohao Chen, Jiaxiang Wu … Shuaicheng NiuTPAMI · South China University of Technology · National University of Singapore · +2
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  13. 2025
    Few-Shot Incremental Learning via Foreground Aggregation and Knowledge Transfer for Audio-Visual Semantic SegmentationJingqiao Xiu, Mengze Li, Zongxin Yang … Roger ZimmermannAAAI · National University of Singapore · Hong Kong University of Science and Technology · +4
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  14. 2024
    SDCoT++: Improved Static-Dynamic Co-Teaching for Class-Incremental 3D Object DetectionNa Zhao, Peisheng Qian, Fang Wu … Gim Hee LeeTIP · Singapore University of Technology and Design · National University of Singapore · +2
  15. 2024
    Analytic Class Incremental Learning for Sound Source Localization With Privacy ProtectionXinyuan Qian, Xianghu Yue, Jiadong Wang … Haizhou LiIEEE Signal Processing Letters · University of Science and Technology Beijing · National University of Singapore · +4
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  16. 2024
    UNIKD: UNcertainty-Filtered Incremental Knowledge Distillation for Neural Implicit RepresentationMengqi Guo, Li Chen, Hanlin Chen, Gim Hee LeeECCV · National University of Singapore
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  17. 2024
    MMAL: Multi-Modal Analytic Learning for Exemplar-Free Audio-Visual Class Incremental TasksXianghu Yue, Xueyi Zhang, Yiming Chen … Haizhou LiACM International Conference on Multimedia · National University of Singapore · National University of Defense Technology · +5
  18. 2024
    Coherent Temporal Synthesis for Incremental Action SegmentationGuodong Ding, Hans Golong, Angela YaoCVPR · National University of Singapore
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  19. 2024
    Towards Non Co-occurrence Incremental Object Detection with Unlabeled In-the-Wild DataNa Dong, Yongqiang Zhang, Mingli Ding, Gim Hee LeeIJCV · Harbin Institute of Technology · National University of Singapore
  20. 2024
    Expandable-RCNN: toward high-efficiency incremental few-shot object detectionYiting Li, Sichao Tian, Haiyue Zhu … Prahlad VadakkepatFrontiers · National University of Singapore · Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College · +3
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  21. 2024
    Bilateral-Head Region-Based Convolutional Neural Networks: A Unified Approach for Incremental Few-Shot Object DetectionYiting Li, Haiyue Zhu, Sichao Tian … Prahlad VadakkepatIEEE TAI · National University of Singapore · Agency for Science, Technology and Research · +4
  22. 2024
    Summarizing Stream Data for Memory-Constrained Online Continual LearningJianyang Gu, Kai Wang, Wei Jiang, Yang YouAAAI · National University of Singapore · Zhejiang University
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  23. 2025
    Dual Balanced Class-Incremental Learning With im-Softmax and Angular RectificationRuicong Zhi, Yicheng Meng, Junyi Hou, Jun WanTNNLS · University of Science and Technology Beijing · National University of Singapore · +4
  24. 2022
    Learning to Predict Gradients for Semi-Supervised Continual LearningYan Luo, Yongkang Wong, Mohan Kankanhalli, Qi ZhaoTNNLS · University of Minnesota · Harvard University · +2
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  25. 2024
    OEBench: Investigating Open Environment Challenges in Real-World Relational Data StreamsYiqun Diao, Yutong Yang, Qinbin Li … Mian LuVLDB · National University of Singapore · University of California, Berkeley
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  26. 2023
    Continual Learning for Image Segmentation With Dynamic QueryWeijia Wu, Yuzhong Zhao, Zhuang Li … Mike Zheng ShouIEEE TCSVT · Zhejiang University · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · +2
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  27. 2023
    Preventing Zero-Shot Transfer Degradation in Continual Learning of Vision-Language ModelsZangwei Zheng, Mingyuan Ma, Kai Wang … Yang YouICCV · National University of Singapore · Berkeley College · +2
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  28. 2023
    Label-Efficient Online Continual Object Detection in Streaming VideoJay Zhangjie Wu, David Junhao Zhang, Wynne Hsu … Mike Zheng ShouICCV · National University of Singapore · Agency for Science, Technology and Research · +1
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  29. 2023
    Learning to Learn: How to Continuously Teach Humans and MachinesParantak Singh, You Li, Ankur Sikarwar … Mengmi ZhangICCV · Agency for Science, Technology and Research · Nanyang Technological University · +5
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  30. 2023
    Multi-View Class Incremental LearningDepeng Li, Tianqi Wang, Junwei Chen … Zhigang ZengInformation Fusion · National University of Singapore · Huazhong University of Science and Technology · +1
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  31. 2023
    Balanced Class-Incremental 3D Object Classification and RetrievalAn-An Liu, Hao‐Chun Lu, Heyu Zhou … Mohan KankanhalliTKDE · Tianjin University · National University of Singapore
  32. 2023
    Learning with Fantasy: Semantic-Aware Virtual Contrastive Constraint for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningZeyin Song, Yifan Zhao, Yujun Shi … Yonghong TianCVPR · Peking University · National University of Singapore · +1
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  33. 2023
    Improving transparency and representational generalizability through parallel continual learningM Paknezhad, Hamsawardhini Rengarajan, Chenghao Yuan … Hwee Kuan LeeNeural Networks · Agency for Science, Technology and Research · Bioinformatics Institute · +2
  34. 2022
    Contrastive R-CNN for Incremental Learning in Object DetectionPeisheng Qian, Kai Zheng, Cen Chen … Hui Li TanIEEE Smartworld, Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing,… · Agency for Science, Technology and Research · Institute for Infocomm Research · +2
  35. 2022
    RT-Net: replay-and-transfer network for class incremental object detectionBo Cui, Guyue Hu, Shan YuApplied Intelligence · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence · +4
  36. 2022
    Static-Dynamic Co-Teaching for Class-Incremental 3D Object DetectionNa Zhao, Gim Hee LeeAAAI · National University of Singapore
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  37. 2022
    Mimicking the Oracle: An Initial Phase Decorrelation Approach for Class Incremental LearningYujun Shi, Kuangqi Zhou, Jian Liang … Vincent Y. F. TanCVPR · National University of Singapore · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +1
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  38. 2022
    Incremental Few-Shot Object Detection for RoboticsYiting Li, Haiyue Zhu, Sichao Tian … Tong Heng LeeICRA · National University of Singapore · Agency for Science, Technology and Research · +2
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  39. 2022
    Controlling Soft Robotic Arms Using Continual LearningFrancesco Piqué, Hari Teja Kalidindi, Lorenzo Fruzzetti … Egidio FaloticoRA-L · Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna · National University of Singapore
  40. 2021
    Bridging Non Co-occurrence with Unlabeled In-the-wild Data for Incremental Object DetectionNa Dong, Yongqiang Zhang, Mingli Ding, Gim Hee LeeNeurIPS · Harbin Institute of Technology · National University of Singapore
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  41. 2021
    Continual Learning via Bit-Level Information PreservingYujun Shi, Li Yuan, Yunpeng Chen, Jiashi FengCVPR · National University of Singapore
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  42. 2021
    Direction Concentration Learning: Enhancing Congruency in Machine LearningYan Luo, Yongkang Wong, Mohan Kankanhalli, Qi ZhaoTPAMI · University of Minnesota · National University of Singapore
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  43. 2019
    Gradient based sample selection for online continual learningRahaf Aljundi, Min Lin, Baptiste Goujaud, Yoshua BengioNeurIPS · KU Leuven · National University of Singapore · +1
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  44. 2010
    A Comparison between Growing and Variably Dense Self Organizing Maps for Incremental Learning in Hubel Weisel Models of Concept RepresentationNeo Choon kiat Daniel, Kiruthika Ramanathan, Luping Shi, Prahlad VadakkepatSpringer CCIS · Agency for Science, Technology and Research · Data Storage Institute · +1
  45. 1999
    Handling concept drifts in incremental learning with support vector machinesNadeem Ahmed Syed, Huan Liu, Kah Kay SungKDD · National University of Singapore
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. By default it shows the papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or written by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times. The rest are one click away under “All papers”. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.