Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

31 papers of 8,653Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2025
    Theoretical Analysis of Mixture-of-Experts in Mobile Edge ComputingHongbo Li, Lingjie DuanIEEE Transactions · Singapore University of Technology and Design · Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
  2. 2025
    Cross-F$^{2}$SCIL: A Federated Few-Shot Class Incremental Learning Method for Cross Mobile Edge Network EnvironmentsLi Yao, Yan Liu, Bin Guo … Zhiwen YuIEEE Transactions · Northwestern Polytechnical University · Fudan University · +1
  3. 2025
    Teleportation Links: Mitigating Catastrophic Forgetting in Decentralized Federated LearningXu Wang, Yuanzhu Chen, Qiang Ye, Octavia A. DobreIEEE Transactions · Queen's University · University of Calgary · +1
  4. 2025
    Energy-Efficient and Real-Time Sensing for Federated Continual Learning via Sample-Driven ControlMinh Ngoc Luu, Minh-Duong Nguyen, Ebrahim Bedeer … Quoc‐Viet PhamIEEE Transactions · Hanoi University of Science and Technology · VinUniversity · +4
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  5. 2025
    Hybrid Ensemble Framework for Imbalanced Data Streams With Concept DriftMianfen Lin, Zhiwen Yu, Kaixiang Yang, C. L. Philip ChenIEEE Transactions · South China University of Technology
  6. 2025
    Fed-OGD: Mitigating Straggler Effects in Federated Learning via Orthogonal Gradient DescentWei Li, Zicheng Shen, Xiulong Liu … Jiaxing ShenIEEE Transactions · Jiangnan University · Tianjin University · +1
  7. 2025
    Sparse-FCL: Sparse Federated Continual Learning for Evolving Mobile Edge Computing EnvironmentsYan Liu, Feiyang Liu, Bin Guo … Zhiwen YuIEEE Transactions · Northwestern Polytechnical University · Harbin Engineering University
  8. 2025
    Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting in Federated Continual Graph Learning for Resource-Limited Mobile DevicesJiyuan Feng, Xu Yang, Dongyi Zheng … Qing LiaoIEEE Transactions · Harbin Institute of Technology · Peng Cheng Laboratory
  9. 2025
    SPARK: Simple and Parameter-Free Knowledge Embedding With Fuzzy Cognitive Maps for Class Incremental LearningYu Wang, Jiabo Xie, Junyan Zheng … Qinghua HuIEEE Transactions · Tianjin University
  10. 2025
    Membership Inference Attacks Against Incremental Learning in IoT DevicesXiang-Long Zhang, Huanle Zhang, Guoming Zhang … Pengfei HuIEEE Transactions
  11. 2025
    SAFA: Handling Sparse and Scarce Data in Federated Learning With Accumulative LearningNguyen Nang Hung, Truong Thao Nguyen, Trong Nghia Hoang … Phi Le NguyenIEEE Transactions · Tokyo University of Science · Iketani Science and Technology Foundation · +5
  12. 2025
    A Unified Sparse Training Framework for Lightweight Lifelong Deep Reinforcement LearningMeng Xu, Xinhong Chen, Weiwei Fu … Jianping WangIEEE Transactions · City University of Hong Kong · Taiwan Forestry Research Institute
  13. 2025
    Loci: Federated Continual Learning of Heterogeneous Tasks at EdgeYaxin Luopan, Rui Han, Qinglong Zhang … Lydia Y. ChenIEEE Transactions · Beijing Institute of Technology · Delft University of Technology
  14. 2025
    Continual Test-Time Adaptation With Weighted Contrastive Learning and Pseudo-Label CorrectionShih‐Chieh Chuang, Ching-Hu LuIEEE Transactions · National Taiwan University of Science and Technology
  15. 2025
    An Empirical Study of Catastrophic Forgetting in Large Language Models During Continual Fine-TuningYun Luo, Zhen Yang, Fandong Meng … Yue ZhangIEEE Transactions · Westlake University · Tencent (China)
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  16. 2025
    MUFTI: Multi-Domain Distillation-Based Heterogeneous Federated Continuous LearningKeke Gai, Zijun Wang, Jing Yu, Liehuang ZhuIEEE Transactions · Beijing Institute of Technology · Minzu University of China
  17. 2025
    A Two-Stage LoRA Strategy for Expanding Language Capabilities in Multilingual ASR ModelsChin Yuen Kwok, Hexin Liu, Jia Qi Yip … Eng Siong ChngIEEE Transactions · Nanyang Technological University · Tokyo University of Science · +1
  18. 2025
    Fully Few-Shot Class-Incremental Audio Classification With Adaptive Improvement of Stability and PlasticityYongjie Si, Yanxiong Li, Jiaxin Tan … Mladen RussoIEEE Transactions · South China University of Technology · University of Split
  19. 2025
    Few-Shot Class-Incremental Audio Classification Using Pseudo-Incrementally Trained Embedding Learner and Continually Updated Stochastic ClassifierYanxiong Li, Wenchang Cao, Jiaxin Tan … Guoqing ChenIEEE Transactions · South China University of Technology
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  20. 2025
    A Closer Look at Class-Incremental Learning for Multi-Label Audio ClassificationManjunath Mulimani, Annamaria MesarosIEEE Transactions · Tampere University
  21. 2025
    Efficient and Robust Continual Graph Learning for Graph Classification in BiologyDing Zhang, Jane Downer, Can Chen, Ren WangIEEE Transactions · Northwestern University · Illinois Institute of Technology · +1
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  22. 2025
    A Continual Learning Method for Generalized Grasping Manipulation in a Musculoskeletal RobotBo Jiang, Ci Song, Siyuan Liu … Jiahao ChenIEEE Transactions · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Automation
  23. 2025
    DT-QFL: Dual-Timeline Quantum Federated Learning With Time-Symmetric Updates, Temporal Memory Kernels, and Reversed Gradient DynamicsKoffka Khan, Khouler KhanIEEE Transactions · University of the West Indies · University of Southampton
  24. 2025
    An Orthogonality-Based Dual-Memory Framework for Continual Text ClassificationHan Zhang, Lei Yu, Bin Liang … Ruifeng XuIEEE Transactions · Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology · Harbin Institute of Technology · +1
  25. 2025
    CCKA: Continual Cross-Domain Knowledge Adaptation for Multi-Domain Machine TranslationZhibo Man, Yujie Zhang, Yuanmeng Chen … Jinan XuIEEE Transactions · Beijing Jiaotong University
  26. 2025
    Continual Learning of Regions for Efficient Robot Localization on Large MapsMatteo Scucchia, Davide MaltoniIEEE Transactions · University of Bologna
  27. 2025
    Exploring Stability-Plasticity Trade-Offs for Continual Named Entity RecognitionDuzhen Zhang, Chenxing Li, Jiahua Dong … Dong YuIEEE Transactions · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence · Tencent (China) · +3
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  28. 2025
    Lifelong Learning for Entity LinkingYing Zhang, Xuhui Sui, Kehui Song … Xiaojie YuanIEEE Transactions · Nankai University
  29. 2025
    Boosting LLM’s Continual Sentiment Understanding for Low-Resource LanguagesHan Zhang, Jingjing Wang, Jiamin Luo … Guodong ZhouIEEE Transactions · Soochow University
  30. 2025
    Semantic-Retention Attack for Continual Named Entity RecognitionYahan Yu, Zhengdong Yang, Fei Cheng, Chenhui ChuIEEE Transactions · Kyoto University
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  31. 2025
    PENCIL: Prototype-ENhanced ComposItional Learning for Class-Incremental Hand Gesture RecognitionZheng Li, Xueyi Zhang, Yanming Guo … Mingrui LaoIEEE Transactions
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. By default it shows the papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or written by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times. The rest are one click away under “All papers”. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.