Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1959 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

27 papers of 11,817Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2025
    Forget Less, Retain More: A Lightweight Regularizer for Rehearsal-Based Continual LearningLama Alssum, Hasan Abed Al Kader Hammoud, M. Alfarra … Bernard GhanemTrans. Mach. Learn. Res.
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  2. 2025
    Task-Agnostic Federated Continual Learning via Replay-Free Gradient ProjectionSeohyeon Cha, Huancheng Chen, Haris VikaloTrans. Mach. Learn. Res.
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  3. 2025
    Continually Adding New Languages to Multilingual Language ModelsAbraham Toluwase Owodunni, Sachin KumarTrans. Mach. Learn. Res.
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  4. 2025
    Holistic Continual Learning under Concept Drift with Adaptive Memory RealignmentAlif Ashrafee, Jedrzej Kozal, Micha l Woźniak, B. KrawczykTrans. Mach. Learn. Res.
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  5. 2025
    Dynamic Mixture of Progressive Parameter-Efficient Expert Library for Lifelong Robot LearningYu-Heng Lei, Sitong Mao, Shun-Bo Zhou … Ping LuoTrans. Mach. Learn. Res.
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  6. 2025
    LoLA: Low-Rank Linear Attention With Sparse CachingLuke McDermott, Robert W. Heath, Rahul ParhiTrans. Mach. Learn. Res.
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  7. 2025
    Continual Learning on CLIP via Incremental Prompt Tuning with Intrinsic Textual AnchorsHaodong Lu, Xinyu Zhang, Kristen Moore … Dong GongTrans. Mach. Learn. Res.
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  8. 2025
    Bayesian Ensembling: Insights from Online Optimization and Empirical BayesDaniel Waxman, Fernando Llorente, Petar M. Djuri'cTrans. Mach. Learn. Res.
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  9. 2025
    UltraEdit: Training-, Subject-, and Memory-Free Lifelong Editing in Language ModelsXiaojie Gu, Ziying Huang, Jia-Chen Gu, Kai ZhangTrans. Mach. Learn. Res.
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  10. 2025
    Parameter Efficient Continual Learning with Dynamic Low-Rank AdaptationP. Bhat, Shakib Yazdani, Elahe Arani, Bahram ZonoozTrans. Mach. Learn. Res.
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  11. 2025
    Perturbed Gradient Descent via Convex Quadratic Approximation for Nonconvex Bilevel OptimizationNazanin Abolfazli, Sina Sharifi, Mahyar Fazlyab, E. Y. HamedaniTrans. Mach. Learn. Res.
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  12. 2025
    Single-loop Algorithms for Stochastic Non-convex Optimization with Weakly-Convex ConstraintsMinghao Yang, Gang Li, Quanqi Hu … Tianbao YangTrans. Mach. Learn. Res.
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  13. 2025
    Proxy-Anchor and EVT-Driven Continual Learning Method for Generalized Category DiscoveryAlireza Fathalizadeh, R. Razavi-FarTrans. Mach. Learn. Res.
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  14. 2025
    Memory-Modular Classification: Learning to Generalize with Memory ReplacementDahyun Kang, Ahmet Iscen, Eunchan Jo … Cordelia SchmidTrans. Mach. Learn. Res.
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  15. 2025PDF ↗
  16. 2025
    Distributed Multi-Agent Lifelong LearningPrithviraj Tarale, Edward A. Rietman, H. SiegelmannTrans. Mach. Learn. Res.
  17. 2025
    From Offline to Online Memory-Free and Task-Free Continual Learning via Fine-Grained HypergradientsNicolas Michel, Maorong Wang, Jiangpeng He, T. YamasakiTrans. Mach. Learn. Res.
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  18. 2025
    Unlocking [CLS] Features for Continual Post-TrainingMurat Onur Yildirim, Elif Ceren Gok Yildirim, Joaquin VanschorenTrans. Mach. Learn. Res.
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  19. 2025
    Efficient Few-Shot Continual Learning in Vision-Language ModelsA. Panos, Rahaf Aljundi, Daniel Olmeda Reino, Richard TurnerTrans. Mach. Learn. Res.
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  20. 2025
  21. 2025
    Class Incremental Learning from First Principles: A ReviewNeil Ashtekar, Jingxi Zhu, Vasant HonavarTrans. Mach. Learn. Res.
  22. 2025
    Before Forgetting, There's Learning: Representation Learning Challenges in Online Unsupervised Continual LearningCameron Ethan Taylor, S. M. Patil, Constantinos DovrolisTrans. Mach. Learn. Res.
  23. 2025
  24. 2025
    Exploring the potential of Direct Feedback Alignment for Continual LearningSara Folchini, V. Arora, Sebastian GoldtTrans. Mach. Learn. Res.
  25. 2025
    Uncertainty-Based Experience Replay for Task-Agnostic Continual Reinforcement LearningAdrian Remonda, Cole Terrell, Eduardo Veas, Marc MasanaTrans. Mach. Learn. Res.
  26. 2025
    Hard-Negative Prototype-Based Regularization for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningSeongbeom Park, Hyunju Yun, Daewon Chae … Jinkyu KimTrans. Mach. Learn. Res.
  27. 2025
    Rethinking Memory in Continual Learning: Beyond a Monolithic Store of the PastYaqian Zhang, Bernhard Pfahringer, Eibe Frank, Albert BifetTrans. Mach. Learn. Res.
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.