Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1991 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

4,574 papers · showing 1601–1650Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2025
    Prototype Conditioned Generative Replay for Continual Learning in NLPXi Chen, Min Zeng2025 Conference of the Nations of the Americas Chapter of… · Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
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  2. 2022
    MEIL-NeRF: Memory-Efficient Incremental Learning of Neural Radiance FieldsJaeyoung Chung, K. Lee, Sungyong Baik, Kyoung Mu LeeIEEE Access · Seoul National University · Hanyang University
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  3. 2025
    Continual Learning of Large Language ModelsTongtong Wu, Thuy-Trang Vu, Linhao Luo, Gholamreza HaffariEMNLP
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  4. 2025
    MINGLE: Mixture of Null-Space Gated Low-Rank Experts for Test-Time Continual Model MergingZihuan Qiu, Yidong Xu, Chiyuan He … Hongliang LiNeurIPS · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · Amazon (Germany) · +1
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  5. 2025PDF ↗
  6. 2025
    Gated Integration of Low-Rank Adaptation for Continual Learning of Large Language ModelsYan-Shuo Liang, Chen Jia-rui, Wu-Jun LiNeurIPS · Nanjing University
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  7. 2025
    Multi-Stage LLM Fine-Tuning with a Continual Learning SettingChanghao Guan, Chao Huang, Hongliang Li … Jian LiuNAACL · Beijing Jiaotong University · University of Science and Technology Beijing
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  8. 2025
    Conditions for Catastrophic Forgetting in Multilingual TranslationDanni Liu, Jan NiehuesWorkshop on Multilingual Representation Learning (MRL 2025)
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  9. 2025
    Class-wise Balancing Data Replay for Federated Class-Incremental LearningZhuang Qi, Ying-Peng Tang, Lei Meng … Xiangxu MengNeurIPS · Shandong University · Nanyang Technological University · +1
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  10. 2025
    An Efficient Rehearsal Scheme for Catastrophic Forgetting Mitigation during Multi-stage Fine-tuningAndrew Bai, Chih-Kuan Yeh, Cho‐Jui Hsieh, A B TalyNAACL · University of California, Los Angeles · Google (United States)
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  11. 2025
    Don't drift away: Advances and Applications of Streaming and Continual LearningAndrea Cossu, Davide Bacciu, Alessio Bernardo … Giacomo ZifferESANN 2025 proceesdings · University of Pisa · Politecnico di Milano · +3
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  12. 2025
    Analogical Augmentation and Significance Analysis for Online Task-Free Continual LearningSonglin Dong, Yingjie Chen, Yuhang He … Yihong GongIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Xi'an Jiaotong University · Nanyang Technological University
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  13. 2025
    Efficient and Robust Continual Graph Learning for Graph Classification in BiologyDing Zhang, Jane Downer, Can Chen, Ren WangIEEE Transactions · Northwestern University · Illinois Institute of Technology · +1
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  14. 2025
    Branch-Tuning: Balancing Stability and Plasticity for Continual Self-Supervised LearningWenzhuo Liu, Fei Zhu, Cheng‐Lin LiuTNNLS · Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · +1
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  15. 2025
    RECALL: REpresentation-aligned Catastrophic-forgetting ALLeviation via Hierarchical Model MergingBowen Wang, Haiyuan Wan, Liwen Shi … Sheng ZhangEMNLP · University Town of Shenzhen · Tsinghua–Berkeley Shenzhen Institute · +6
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  16. 2025
    A3-TTA: Adaptive Anchor Alignment Test-Time Adaptation for Image SegmentationJianghao Wu, Xiangde Luo, Yubo Zhou … Shaoting ZhangTIP · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · +1
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  17. 2025
    Distribution-Level Memory Recall for Continual Learning: Preserving Knowledge and Avoiding ConfusionShaoxu Cheng, Kanglei Geng, Chiyuan He … Hongliang LiIEEE Trans. Multimedia · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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  18. 2025
    REP: Resource-Efficient Prompting for Rehearsal-Free Continual LearningSungho Jeon, Xinyue Ma, Kwang In Kim, Myeongjae JeonNeurIPS · Pohang University of Science and Technology · Korea Post · +1
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  19. 2025
    Unveiling and Addressing Pseudo Forgetting in Large Language ModelsHuashan Sun, Yizhe Yang, Yinghao Li … Yang GaoACL · Beijing Institute of Technology
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  20. 2025
    C$^2$Prompt: Class-aware Client Knowledge Interaction for Federated Continual LearningKunlun Xu, Yibo Feng, Jiangmeng Li … Jiahuan ZhouNeurIPS · Peking University · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · +3
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  21. 2025
    Exploiting Task Relationships in Continual Learning via Transferability-Aware Task EmbeddingsYanru Wu, Jianning Wang, Xiangyu Chen … Yang LiNeurIPS · Tsinghua University · Harbin Institute of Technology · +3
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  22. 2025
    Interleaved Multitask Learning with Energy Modulated Learning ProgressHanne Say, Suzan Ece Ada, Emre Uğur … Erhan ÖztoparXiv · Üsküdar University · Özyeğin University · +2
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  23. 2021
    Continual Learning With Quasi-Newton MethodsSteven Vander Eeckt, Hugo Van hammeIEEE Access · KU Leuven
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  24. 2025
    Aggregated f-average Neural Network applied to Few-Shot Class Incremental LearningMathieu Vu, Émilie Chouzenoux, Ismail Ben Ayed, Jean‐Christophe PesquetSignal Processing · Institut des Sciences du Vivant Frédéric Joliot · École de Technologie Supérieure
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  25. 2025
    Coherence-based Sample Selection for Class-incremental LearningAndrea Daou, Jean‐Baptiste Pothin, Paul Honeiné, Abdelaziz BensrhairESANN 2025 proceesdings · Laboratoire d'Informatique, du Traitement de l'Information et des Systèmes · DATA4 (France) · +4
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  26. 2025
    CurLL: A Developmental Framework to Evaluate Continual Learning in Language ModelsPavan Kalyan Tankala, Shubhra Mishra, Satya Lokam, Navin GoyalFirst BabyLM Workshop · KTH Royal Institute of Technology · Microsoft Research (United Kingdom)
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  27. 2025
    DACIP-RC: Domain Adaptive Continual Instruction Pre-Training via Reading Comprehension on Business ConversationsElena Khasanova, Harsh Saini, Md Tahmid Rahman Laskar … Shashi Bhushan TNEMNLP · DIAL (Germany)
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  28. 2025
    Exploring Stability-Plasticity Trade-Offs for Continual Named Entity RecognitionDuzhen Zhang, Chenxing Li, Jiahua Dong … Dong YuIEEE Transactions · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence · Tencent (China) · +3
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  29. 2025
    Mitigating Forgetting in Continual Learning with Selective Gradient ProjectionAnika Singh, David Martinez, Aayush Dhaulakhandi … Ryan LagasseThe 14th International Joint Conference on Natural Langua… · Andover Eye Associates
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  30. 2025
    Reducing the stability gap for continual learning at the edge with class balancingWei Wei, Matthias Hutsebaut-Buysse, Tom De Schepper, Kevin MetsESANN 2025 proceesdings · Department of Physics, Mathematics and Informatics · Imec the Netherlands · +4
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  31. 2025PDF ↗
  32. 2025
    Task-wrapped Continual Learning in Task-Oriented Dialogue SystemsMin Zeng, Haiqin Yang, X. T. Chen, Yike GuoNAACL · Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
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  33. 2025
    Class activation map replay and minimum entropy sampling-based multilabel class-incremental learningYifan Zhou, Kaile Du, Fan Lyu … Guangcan LiuJournal of Image and Graphics · Southeast University
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  34. 2025
    Compression-based kNN for Class Incremental Continual LearningValerie Vaquet, Jonas Vaquet, Fabian Hinder, Barbara HammerESANN 2025 proceesdings · Bielefeld University · Hochschule Bielefeld
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  35. 2025
    Continual Learning in Large Language Models: Foundations to FrontiersP. K. Srijith, Shrey Satapara, Sarath ChandarInternational Joint Conference on Natural Language Proces… · Indian Immunologicals (India) · Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad · +4
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  36. 2025
    MKT: A Multi-Stage Knowledge Transfer Framework to Mitigate Catastrophic Forgetting in Multi-Domain Chinese Spelling CorrectionPeng Xing, Yinghui Li, Shirong Ma … Ying ShenEMNLP · Tsinghua–Berkeley Shenzhen Institute · Beihang University · +2
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  37. 2025
    OVS Meets Continual Learning: Towards Sustainable Open-Vocabulary SegmentationDongjun Hwang, Yejin Kim, Minyoung Lee … Junsuk ChoeNeurIPS · Sogang University · University of Tübingen
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  38. 2025
    S2IL: Structurally Stable Incremental LearningS. Balasubramanian, P Yedu Krishna, Talasu Sai Sriram … Ravi MukkamalaIEEE Access · Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning · Old Dominion University
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  39. 2025
    Continual Learning in Multilingual Sign Language TranslationShakib Yazdani, Josef van Genabith, Cristina España-BonetNAACL
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  40. 2025PDF ↗
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  43. 2025PDF ↗
  44. 2024
    Dynamic Prompt Adjustment for Multi-Label Class-Incremental LearningHaifeng Zhao, Y. Jin, Leilei MaInternational Conference on Advances in Brain Inspired Co…
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  45. 2024
    Continual Learning and Catastrophic ForgettingGido M. van de Ven, Nicholas Soures, Dhireesha KudithipudiElsevier · KU Leuven · The University of Texas at San Antonio
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  46. 2024
    Maintain Plasticity in Long-timescale Continual Test-time AdaptationYanshuo Wang, Xuesong Li, Tong, Jinguang … Haoxing ChenarXiv
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  47. 2024PDF ↗
  48. 2025
    Safeguard Fine-Tuned LLMs Through Pre- and Post-Tuning Model MergingHua Farn, Hsuan Su, Shachi H Kumar … Hung-yi LeeEMNLP
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  49. 2024
    Taxonomy-Aware Continual Semantic Segmentation in Hyperbolic Spaces for Open-World PerceptionJulia Hindel, Daniele Cattaneo, Abhinav ValadaRA-L · University of Freiburg
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  50. 2024
    Exemplar-condensed Federated Class-incremental LearningRui Sun, Yumin Zhang, Varun Ojha … Rajiv RanjanarXiv
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About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It lists only papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or led by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times, and only papers with a PDF we can point you at, so every title opens the paper itself. Preprints that later get accepted, and authors who later publish at those venues, are picked up by the weekly run. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.