Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

47 papers of 8,653Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    A scalable complexity-regularized modular network for continual learningZiye Fang, Bo Wan, Shangqi Guo, Jian K. LiuNeurocomputing · Xidian University · Human Computer Interaction (Switzerland) · +2
  2. 2026
    MCo2L: A unified framework for multimodal contrastive continual learning in audio-visual question answeringKunning Wu, Xinde Li, Xinde Li … Jin DengNeurocomputing · Southeast University · Northeastern University
  3. 2026
    HiCPS: Hierarchical complementary prompt synergy for few-shot class-incremental learningQiang Huang, Shengli Wu, Shaohua Wan … Hu LuNeurocomputing · Jiangsu University · University of Ulster · +4
  4. 2026
    A negative-anchored self-relabeling strategy for multi-label class-incremental learningKaile Du, Junzhou Xie, Fan Lyu … Guangcan LiuNeurocomputing · Southeast University · Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona · +1
  5. 2026
    Towards self-adaptive learning: A comprehensive survey on continual learning under harsh conditionsRoozbeh Razavi‐Far, Ehsan Hallaji, Alireza Fathalizadeh … Mohammad RostamiNeurocomputing · University of New Brunswick · University of Southern California
  6. 2026
    G-Scaler: Graph few-shot class-incremental learning via structural coupling and elegant shift rectificationBin Wang, Boxiang Tao, Hongbo Dou … Lin LuoNeurocomputing · China University of Petroleum, East China
  7. 2026
    OCL-SKD: Balancing plasticity and stability in online continual learning via self-knowledge distillationZheng Liu, Zhanyang Liu, Yike Liu … Jinfeng LiuNeurocomputing · Ningxia University · Beihang University · +1
  8. 2026
    A practical guide to streaming continual learningAndrea Cossu, Federico Giannini, Giacomo Ziffer … Davide BacciuNeurocomputing · University of Pisa · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa · +6
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  9. 2025
    Learning diverse and adaptive representations for continual learningMingyan Liu, Fei YeNeurocomputing · Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology · University Town of Shenzhen · +2
  10. 2025
    Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in robotic manipulation via knowledge-compositional reinforcement learningWenzhang Liu, Wanyi Yao, Ke‐Ke Yang … Changyin SunNeurocomputing · Anhui University
  11. 2025
    A rate-dependent coreset selector for continual learning on time-varying data distributionsZilin Luo, Zichen Tian, Yaoyao Liu, Qianru SunNeurocomputing · Singapore Management University · University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
  12. 2025
    Enhancing long-term memory in federated class continual learning with lightweight adaptersPan Wang, Wang Ji, Zhengyi Zhong … Jianguo ChenNeurocomputing · National University of Defense Technology · Sun Yat-sen University
  13. 2025
    RehearMixup: Improving rehearsal-based continual learningYan Zhang, Kaiyuan Qi, Dong Wu … Yilong YinNeurocomputing · Shandong University · Inspur (China)
  14. 2025
    Latent attribute augmented network for few-shot class-incremental learningYongli Hu, J Zhang, Huajie Jiang, Baocai YinNeurocomputing · Beijing University of Technology
  15. 2025
    Adapt & Align: Continual Learning with Generative Models Latent Space AlignmentKamil Rafał Deja, Bartosz Cywiński, Jan Rybarczyk, T. P. TrzcinskiNeurocomputing · Warsaw University of Technology · IDEA of Development Foundation · +1
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  16. 2025
    Enhance the old representations' adaptability dynamically for exemplar-free continual learningKunchi Li, Chaoyue Ding, Jun Wan, Shan YuNeurocomputing · Shandong Institute of Automation · Institute of Automation · +1
  17. 2025
    DCFT: Dependency-aware continual learning fine-tuning for sparse LLMsYanzhe Wang, Yizhen Wang, Baoqun YinNeurocomputing · University of Science and Technology of China
  18. 2025
    IDEAL: Interpretable-by-Design ALgorithms for learning from foundation feature spacesPlamen Angelov, Dmitry Kangin, Ziyang ZhangNeurocomputing · Lancaster University
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  19. 2025
    Adaptively forget with crossmodal and textual distillation for class-incremental video captioningHuiyu Xiong, Lanxiao Wang, Heqian Qiu … Hongliang LiNeurocomputing · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
  20. 2025
    Evolving Ensemble Model based on Hilbert Schmidt Independence Criterion for task-free continual learningFei Ye, Adrian G. BorşNeurocomputing · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · University of York
  21. 2024
    Potential Knowledge Extraction Network for Class-Incremental LearningXidong Xi, Guitao Cao, Wenming Cao … He RenNeurocomputing · Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing · East China Normal University · +1
  22. 2024
    Class Incremental Learning with Task-Specific Batch Normalization and Out-of-Distribution DetectionZhou, Zhiping, Xuchen Xie, Yiqiao Qiu … Ruixuan WangNeurocomputing
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  23. 2024
    A cognition-driven framework for few-shot class-incremental learningXuan Wang, Zhong Ji, Yanwei Pang, Yunlong YuNeurocomputing · Tianjin University of Technology · Tianjin University · +3
  24. 2024
    Drifting explanations in continual learningAndrea Cossu, Francesco Spinnato, Riccardo Guidotti, Davide BacciuNeurocomputing · University of Pisa · Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione "Alessandro Faedo" · +1
  25. 2024
    Feature Expansion and enhanced Compression for Class Incremental LearningQuentin Ferdinand, Gilles Le Chenadec, Benoı̂t Clément … Quentin OliveauNeurocomputing · École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne · Green Cross International · +2
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  26. 2024
    Online continual learning through unsupervised mutual information maximizationHeinke Hihn, Daniel A. BraunNeurocomputing · Universität Ulm
  27. 2024PDF ↗
  28. 2023
    AdaER: An Adaptive Experience Replay Approach for Continual Lifelong LearningXingyu Li, Bo Tang, Haifeng LiNeurocomputing · Tulane University · Worcester Polytechnic Institute · +1
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  29. 2023
    Class Incremental Learning based on Identically Distributed Parallel One-Class ClassifiersWenju Sun, Qingyong Li, Jing Zhang … Yangli‐ao GengNeurocomputing · Beijing Jiaotong University
  30. 2023
    GFR: Generic feature representations for class incremental learningZhichuan Wang, Linfeng Xu, Zihuan Qiu … Hongliang LiNeurocomputing · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
  31. 2023
    Continuous transfer of neural network representational similarity for incremental learningSongsong Tian, Weijun Li, Xin Ning … Prayag TiwariNeurocomputing · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Semiconductors · +2
  32. 2019
    Spiking Neural Predictive Coding for Continual Learning from Data StreamsAlexander G. OrorbiaNeurocomputing · Rochester Institute of Technology
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  33. 2023
    Mutual mentor: Online contrastive distillation network for general continual learningQiang Wang, Zhong Ji, Jin Li, Yanwei PangNeurocomputing · Tianjin University · Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology
  34. 2023
    Projected Latent Distillation for Data-Agnostic Consolidation in Distributed Continual LearningAntonio Carta, Andrea Cossu, Vincenzo Lomonaco … Joost van de WeijerNeurocomputing
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  35. 2023
    Task-aware network: Mitigation of task-aware and task-free performance gap in online continual learningYong Woo Hong, Hyeran Byun, Sungho ParkNeurocomputing · Yonsei University
  36. 2022
    ISM-Net: Mining incremental semantics for class incremental learningZihuan Qiu, Linfeng Xu, Zhichuan Wang … Hongliang LiNeurocomputing · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
  37. 2021
    Online Continual Learning in Image Classification: An Empirical SurveyZheda Mai, Ruiwen Li, Jihwan Jeong … Scott SannerNeurocomputing · University of New Brunswick · University of Toronto · +1
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  38. 2021
    Zero-shot policy generation in lifelong reinforcement learningYiming Qian, Fangzhou Xiong, Zhiyong LiuNeurocomputing · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Shandong Institute of Automation · +2
  39. 2021
    Self-adjusting k nearest neighbors for continual learning from multi-label drifting data streamsMartha Roseberry, Bartosz Krawczyk, Youcef Djenouri, Alberto CanoNeurocomputing · Virginia Commonwealth University · SINTEF · +1
  40. 2021
    SpaceNet: Make Free Space For Continual LearningGhada Sokar, Decebal Constantin Mocanu, Mykola PechenizkiyNeurocomputing · Eindhoven University of Technology · University of Twente
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  41. 2020
    Pseudo-Rehearsal: Achieving Deep Reinforcement Learning without Catastrophic ForgettingCraig Atkinson, Brendan McCane, Lech Szymanski, Anthony RobinsNeurocomputing · University of Otago
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  42. 2020
    Motivational engine and long-term memory coupling within a cognitive architecture for lifelong open-ended learningJ. A. Becerra, Alejandro Romero, Francisco Bellas, Richard J. DuroNeurocomputing · Universidade da Coruña
  43. 2017
    Lifelong Generative ModelingJason Ramapuram, Magda Gregorová, Alexandros KalousisNeurocomputing · University of Geneva · HES-SO University of Applied Sciences and Arts Western Switzerland
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  44. 2020
    Prevention of catastrophic interference and imposing active forgetting with generative methodsSergey Sukhov, Mikhail Leontev, Alexander Miheev, Kirill SviatovNeurocomputing · Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences · Ulyanovsk State University · +1
  45. 2008
    Incremental learning of sequence patterns with a modular network modelIchiro Igari, Jun TaniNeurocomputing · RIKEN Center for Brain Science
  46. 2006
    A new ARTMAP-based neural network for incremental learningMu-Chun Su, Jonathan Lee, Kuo-Lung HsiehNeurocomputing · National Central University
  47. 1995
    A neural network architecture for incremental learningShigetoshi Shiotani, Toshio Fukuda, Takanori ShibataNeurocomputing · Nagoya University
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. By default it shows the papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or written by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times. The rest are one click away under “All papers”. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.