Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1991 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

4,574 papers · showing 1251–1300Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2025PDF ↗
  2. 2025PDF ↗
  3. 2026
    LoKI: Low-damage Knowledge Implanting of Large Language ModelsRunyu Wang, Peng Ping, Guo, Zhengyu … Tianbo JiAAAI
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  4. 2025
    Completely Weakly Supervised Class-Incremental Learning for Semantic SegmentationDavid Minkwan Kim, Soeun Lee, Byeongkeun KangPattern Recognition Letters · Hanyang University · Anyang University · +1
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  5. 2025PDF ↗
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  7. 2026PDF ↗
  8. 2025
    Continual Learning Beyond Experience Rehearsal and Full Model SurrogatesPrashant Bhat, Laurens Niesten, Elahe Arani, Bahram ZonoozarXiv
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  9. 2025
    Test-Time Learning for Large Language ModelsJinwu Hu, Zhitian Zhang, Guohao Chen … Mingkui TanICML
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  10. 2025PDF ↗
  11. 2025
    Query Drift Compensation: Enabling Compatibility in Continual Learning of Retrieval Embedding ModelsDipam Goswami, Liying Wang, Bartłomiej Twardowski, Joost van de WeijerarXiv
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  12. 2025PDF ↗
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  14. 2025
    STRAP: Spatio-Temporal Pattern Retrieval for Out-of-Distribution GeneralizationHaoyu Zhang, Wentao Zhang, H. Miao … Yifan ZhangNeurIPS
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  15. 2025PDF ↗
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  19. 2025
    Knowledge Fusion of Large Language Models Via Modular SkillPacksGuodong Du, Zhuo Li, Zhou, Xuanning … Jing LiarXiv
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  20. 2025
    Learning without Isolation: Pathway Protection for Continual LearningZhikang Chen, Abudukelimu Wuerkaixi, Sen Cui … Tianling RenICML
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  21. 2025PDF ↗
  22. 2025
    Exemplar-Free Continual Learning for State Space ModelsIsaac Ning Lee, Leila Mahmoodi, Trung Le, Mehrtash HarandiarXiv
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  23. 2025PDF ↗
  24. 2025
    PECTP: Parameter-Efficient Cross-Task Prompts for Incremental Vision TransformerQian Feng, Hanbin Zhao, Chao Zhang … Hui QianIEEE TCSVT · Zhejiang University of Science and Technology · Zhejiang University · +2
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  25. 2025
    Model Editing with Graph-Based External MemoryYash Kumar Atri, Ahmed Alaa, Thomas HartvigsenACL
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  26. 2025
    Evolving Machine Learning in Non-Stationary Environments: A Unified Survey of Drift, Forgetting, and AdaptationI. C. Martin, Subhaditya Mukherjee, Almas Baimagambetov … Nikolaos PolatidisarXiv
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  27. 2025
    The Cell Must Go On: Agar.io for Continual Reinforcement LearningM. A. Mohamed, Kateryna Nekhomiazh, Vedant Vyas … Marlos C. MachadoarXiv
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  28. 2025
    HERO: Heterogeneous Continual Graph Learning via Meta-Knowledge DistillationGuiquan Sun, Xikun Zhang, Jingchao Ni, Dongjin SongarXiv
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  29. 2025
    Dynamic Dual Buffer with Divide-and-Conquer Strategy for Online Continual LearningCongren Dai, Hui-Chi Zhou, Jia-Hao Huang … Fei YearXiv
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  30. 2025
    GCAL: Adapting Graph Models to Evolving Domain ShiftsZiyue Qiao, Qianyi Cai, Hao Dong … Hui XiongICML
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  31. 2025PDF ↗
  32. 2025
    T2I-ConBench: Text-to-Image Benchmark for Continual Post-trainingZhehao Huang, Yuhang Liu, Yixin Lou … Xiaolin HuangarXiv
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  33. 2025
    A Unified Gradient-based Framework for Task-agnostic Continual Learning-UnlearningZhehao Huang, Xinwen Cheng, Jie Zhang … Xiaolin HuangarXiv
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  34. 2025PDF ↗
  35. 2025
    Joint Flashback Adaptation for Forgetting-Resistant Instruction TuningYukun Zhao, Lingyong Yan, Zhenyang Li … Dawei YinarXiv
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  36. 2026PDF ↗
  37. 2025
    ReservoirTTA: Prolonged Test-time Adaptation for Evolving and Recurring DomainsGuillaume Vray, Devavrat Tomar, Xufeng Gao … Behzad BozorgtabarNeurIPS
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  38. 2025PDF ↗
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  40. 2025PDF ↗
  41. 2025
    ReVLA: Reverting Visual Domain Limitation of Robotic Foundation ModelsSombit Dey, Jan-Nico Zaech, Nikolay Nikolov … Danda Pani PaudelICRA · Sofia University "St. Kliment Ohridski"
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  42. 2025
    OLiVia-Nav: An Online Lifelong Vision Language Approach for Mobile Robot Social NavigationSiddarth Narasimhan, Aaron Hao Tan, Daniel Choï, Goldie NejatICRA · University of Toronto
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  43. 2025
    M2Distill: Multi-Modal Distillation for Lifelong Imitation LearningKaushik Roy, Akila Dissanayakc, Brendan Tidd, Pcyman MoghadamICRA · Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation · Data61
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  44. 2025
    Dynamic prompt allocation and tuning for continual test-time adaptationChaoran Cui, Yongrui Zhen, Shuai Gong … Yilong YinInformation Sciences · Shandong University of Finance and Economics · Shandong University
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  45. 2025
    LiBOG: Lifelong Learning for Black-Box Optimizer GenerationJiyuan Pei, Yi Mei, Jialin Liu, Mengjie ZhangIJCAI
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  46. 2025
    CLIMB: Language-Guided Continual Learning for Task Planning with Iterative Model BuildingWalker Byrnes, Miroslav Bogdanović, Avi Balakirsky … Animesh GargICRA · Georgia Institute of Technology · University of Toronto · +2
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  47. 2025
    VLM-Vac: Enhancing Smart Vacuums Through VLM Knowledge Distillation and Language-Guided Experience ReplayReihaneh Mirjalili, Michael Krawez, Florian Walter, Wolfram BurgardICRA · University of Technology Nuremberg
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  48. 2025PDF ↗
  49. 2025
    Online task-free continual learning via Expansible Vision TransformerFei Ye, Adrian G. BorşPattern Recognition · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · University of York
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  50. 2025
    AFCL: Analytic Federated Continual Learning for Spatio-Temporal Invariance of Non-IID DataJianheng Tang, Huiping Zhuang, Jingyu He … Yunhuai LiuarXiv
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About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It lists only papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or led by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times, and only papers with a PDF we can point you at, so every title opens the paper itself. Preprints that later get accepted, and authors who later publish at those venues, are picked up by the weekly run. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.