Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

30 papers of 8,653Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    Continual Evolution Strategies in Control TasksNICOLA PITZALIS, Eleni Nisioti, Antonio Carta … Andrea CossuGenetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion · University of Pisa · IT University of Copenhagen
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  2. 2026
    A practical guide to streaming continual learningAndrea Cossu, Federico Giannini, Giacomo Ziffer … Davide BacciuNeurocomputing · University of Pisa · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa · +6
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  3. 2025
    Lifelong Evolution of SwarmsLorenzo Leuzzi, Davide Bacciu, Sabine Hauert … Andrea CossuGenetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference · University of Pisa · University of Cagliari · +1
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  4. 2025
    Don't drift away: Advances and Applications of Streaming and Continual LearningAndrea Cossu, Davide Bacciu, Alessio Bernardo … Giacomo ZifferESANN 2025 proceesdings · University of Pisa · Politecnico di Milano · +3
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  5. 2024
    I Know How: Combining Prior Policies to Solve New TasksMalio Li, Elia Piccoli, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuIEEE Conference on Games (CoG) · University of Pisa
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  6. 2024
    Calibration of Continual Learning ModelsLanpei Li, Elia Piccoli, Andrea Cossu … Vincenzo LomonacoCVPR · University of Pisa · Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione "Alessandro Faedo"
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  7. 2024
    Drifting explanations in continual learningAndrea Cossu, Francesco Spinnato, Riccardo Guidotti, Davide BacciuNeurocomputing · University of Pisa · Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione "Alessandro Faedo" · +1
  8. 2024PDF ↗
  9. 2024
    Adaptive Hyperparameter Optimization for Continual Learning ScenariosRudy Semola, Julio Hurtado, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuCLAI Unconf
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  10. 2023
    Memory Population in Continual Learning via Outlier EliminationJulio Hurtado, Alain Raymond-Sáez, Vladimir Araujo … Davide BacciuICCV · University of Pisa · Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile · +1
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  11. 2023
    Partial Hypernetworks for Continual LearningHamed Hemati, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide Bacciu, Damian BorthCoLLAs
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  12. 2023
    A Protocol for Continual Explanation of SHAPAndrea Cossu, Francesco Spinnato, Riccardo Guidotti, Davide BacciuThe European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks
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  13. 2023
    Projected Latent Distillation for Data-Agnostic Consolidation in Distributed Continual LearningAntonio Carta, Andrea Cossu, Vincenzo Lomonaco … Joost van de WeijerNeurocomputing
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  14. 2023
    Class-Incremental Learning with RepetitionHamed Hemati, Andrea Cossu, Antonio Carta … Damian BorthCoLLAs
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  15. 2022
    Sample Condensation in Online Continual LearningMattia Sangermano, Antonio Carta, Andrea Cossu, Davide BacciuIJCNN · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
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  16. 2022
    Continual Learning for Human State MonitoringFederico Matteoni, Andrea Cossu, Claudio Gallicchio … Davide BacciuThe European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks
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  17. 2022PDF ↗
  18. 2022
    Ex-Model: Continual Learning from a Stream of Trained ModelsAntonio Carta, Andrea Cossu, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuCVPR · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
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  19. 2024
    Continual Pre-Training Mitigates Forgetting in Language and VisionAndrea Cossu, Tinne Tuytelaars, Antonio Carta … Davide BacciuNeural Networks
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  20. 2022
    Is Class-Incremental Enough for Continual Learning?Andrea Cossu, Gabriele Graffieti, Lorenzo Pellegrini … Vincenzo LomonacoFrontiers · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore · +1
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  21. 2022
    Catastrophic Forgetting in Deep Graph Networks: A Graph Classification BenchmarkAntonio Carta, Andrea Cossu, Federico Errica, Davide BacciuFrontiers · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
  22. 2022
    Distilled Replay: Overcoming Forgetting through Synthetic SamplesAndrea Rosasco, Antonio Carta, Andrea Cossu … Davide BacciuSpringer LNCS · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
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  23. 2022
    Practical Recommendations for Replay-based Continual Learning MethodsGabriele Merlin, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Andrea Cossu … Davide BacciuSpringer LNCS · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
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  24. 2022
    Avalanche RL: a Continual Reinforcement Learning LibraryNicoló Lucchesi, Antonio Carta, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuSpringer LNCS · University of Pisa
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  25. 2022
    Continual Incremental Language Learning for Neural Machine TranslationMichele Resta, Davide BacciuESANN 2022 proceedings · University of Pisa · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
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  26. 2021
    Continual Learning for Recurrent Neural Networks: an Empirical EvaluationAndrea Cossu, Antonio Carta, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuNeural Networks · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore · +1
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  27. 2021
    Avalanche: an End-to-End Library for Continual LearningVincenzo Lomonaco, Lorenzo Pellegrini, Andrea Cossu … Davide MaltoniCVPR · University of Pisa · University of Bologna · +12
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  28. 2021PDF ↗
  29. 2021
    Continual Learning with Echo State NetworksAndrea Cossu, Davide Bacciu, Antonio Carta … Vincenzo LomonacoESANN 2021 proceedings · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore · +1
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  30. 2020
    Continual Learning with Gated Incremental Memories for sequential data processingAndrea Cossu, Antonio Carta, Davide BacciuIEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Network · University of Pisa
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About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. By default it shows the papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or written by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times. The rest are one click away under “All papers”. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.