Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

88 papers of 8,653 · showing 51–88Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2025
    Exploring Stability-Plasticity Trade-Offs for Continual Named Entity RecognitionDuzhen Zhang, Chenxing Li, Jiahua Dong … Dong YuIEEE Transactions · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence · Tencent (China) · +3
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  2. 2025
    Lifelong Learning for Entity LinkingYing Zhang, Xuhui Sui, Kehui Song … Xiaojie YuanIEEE Transactions · Nankai University
  3. 2025
    Boosting LLM’s Continual Sentiment Understanding for Low-Resource LanguagesHan Zhang, Jingjing Wang, Jiamin Luo … Guodong ZhouIEEE Transactions · Soochow University
  4. 2025
    Semantic-Retention Attack for Continual Named Entity RecognitionYahan Yu, Zhengdong Yang, Fei Cheng, Chenhui ChuIEEE Transactions · Kyoto University
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  5. 2025
    PENCIL: Prototype-ENhanced ComposItional Learning for Class-Incremental Hand Gesture RecognitionZheng Li, Xueyi Zhang, Yanming Guo … Mingrui LaoIEEE Transactions
  6. 2025
    TactCLNet: Tactile Continual Learning Network Based on Generative Replay for Object Hardness RecognitionYiwen Liu, Zhengkun Yi, Senlin Fang … Xinyu WuIEEE Transactions · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology · +3
  7. 2024
  8. 2024
    SR-FDIL: Synergistic Replay for Federated Domain-Incremental LearningYichen Li, Wenchao Xu, Yining Qi … Song GuoIEEE Transactions · Huazhong University of Science and Technology · Hong Kong Polytechnic University · +1
  9. 2024
    Federated Class-Incremental Learning With Dynamic Feature Extractor FusionYanyan Lu, Lei Yang, Hao-Rui Chen … Saiqin LongIEEE Transactions · South China University of Technology · Jinan University
  10. 2025
    Mutual Knowledge Distillation-Based Personalized Federated Learning for Smart Edge ComputingSiwei Zheng, Jia Hu, Geyong Min, Ke LiIEEE Transactions · University of Exeter
  11. 2024PDF ↗
  12. 2023
    Distributed Continual Learning With CoCoA in High-Dimensional Linear RegressionMartin Hellkvist, Ayça Özçelikkale, Anders ÅhlénIEEE Transactions · Uppsala University
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  13. 2024
    Chameleon: Dual Memory Replay for Online Continual Learning on Edge DevicesShivam Aggarwal, Kuluhan Binici, Tulika MitraIEEE Transactions · National University of Singapore · Agency for Science, Technology and Research · +1
  14. 2024
    Continual Learning for Robotic Grasping Detection With Knowledge TransferringJin Liu, Jialong Xie, Saike Huang … Fengyu ZhouIEEE Transactions · Shandong University
  15. 2024
    Dictionary Learning-Structured Reinforcement Learning With Adaptive-Sparsity RegularizerZhenni Li, Jianhao Tang, Haoli Zhao … Shengli XieIEEE Transactions · Guangdong University of Technology
  16. 2024
    Privacy-Preserving Federated Class-Incremental LearningJue Xiao, Xueming Tang, Songfeng LuIEEE Transactions · Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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  17. 2024
    Antiforgetting Incremental Learning Algorithm for Interval Type-2 Fuzzy Neural NetworkChenxuan Sun, Honggui Han, Xiaolong Wu, Hongyan YangIEEE Transactions · Beijing University of Technology
  18. 2022
    BioSLAM: A Bioinspired Lifelong Memory System for General Place RecognitionPeng Yin, Abulikemu Abuduweili, Shiqi Zhao … Sebastian SchererIEEE Transactions · City University of Hong Kong · Carnegie Mellon University
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  19. 2024
    Topology-Aware Graph Convolution Network for Few-Shot Incremental 3-D Object LearningBingtao Ma, Yang Cong, Jiahua DongIEEE Transactions · Shenyang Institute of Automation · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +1
  20. 2023
  21. 2024
    Cross-FCL: Toward a Cross-Edge Federated Continual Learning Framework in Mobile Edge Computing SystemsZhouyangzi Zhang, Bin Guo, Wen Sun … Zhiwen YuIEEE Transactions · Northwestern Polytechnical University
  22. 2023
    Learning With Sharing: An Edge-Optimized Incremental Learning Method for Deep Neural NetworksMuhammad Awais Hussain, Shihan Huang, Tsung‐Han TsaiIEEE Transactions · National Central University
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  23. 2023
    ConCS: A Continual Classifier System for Continual Learning of Multiple Boolean ProblemsTrung B. Nguyen, Will N. Browne, Mengjie ZhangIEEE Transactions · Victoria University of Wellington · Queensland University of Technology
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  24. 2021
    Domain-Incremental Continual Learning for Mitigating Bias in Facial Expression and Action Unit RecognitionNikhil Churamani, Özgür Kara, Hatice GüneşIEEE Transactions · University of Cambridge · Boğaziçi University
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  25. 2023
    Hierarchical Lifelong Machine Learning With “Watchdog”Gan Sun, Yang Cong, Changjun Gu … Haibin YuIEEE Transactions · Shenyang Institute of Automation · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +2
  26. 2022
    MFS: A Brain-Inspired Memory Formation System for GANYifan Chang, Yifan Wang, Jian Peng … Wenbo LiIEEE Transactions · University of Science and Technology of China · Anhui University · +3
  27. 2021
    AILC: Accelerate On-Chip Incremental Learning With Compute-in-Memory TechnologyYandong Luo, Shimeng YuIEEE Transactions · Georgia Institute of Technology
  28. 2019
    Incremental Learning Using a Grow-and-Prune Paradigm With Efficient Neural NetworksXiaoliang Dai, Hongxu Yin, Niraj K. JhaIEEE Transactions · Princeton University
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  29. 2020
    An Improved Dual-Channel Network to Eliminate Catastrophic ForgettingDongbo Liu, Zhenan He, Dongdong Chen, Jiancheng LvIEEE Transactions · Sichuan University · State Key Laboratory of Hydraulics and Mountain River Engineering · +1
  30. 2020
    Incremental Learning of Object Models From Natural Human–Robot InteractionsPablo Azagra, Javier Civera, Ana C. MurilloIEEE Transactions · Universidad de Zaragoza · Instituto de Investigación en Ingeniería de Aragón
  31. 2019
    Hierarchical Lifelong Learning by Sharing Representations and Integrating HypothesisTong Zhang, Guoxi Su, Chunmei Qing … Xiaofen XingIEEE Transactions · South China University of Technology
  32. 2018
    An Incremental Construction of Deep Neuro Fuzzy System for Continual Learning of Nonstationary Data StreamsMahardhika Pratama, Witold Pedrycz, Geoffrey I. WebbIEEE Transactions · Nanyang Technological University · University of Alberta · +1
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  33. 2019
    Guided Policy Search for Sequential Multitask LearningFangzhou Xiong, Biao Sun, Xu Yang … Zhiyong LiuIEEE Transactions · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · University of Science and Technology Beijing · +4
  34. 2017
    A Fast, Robust, and Incremental Model for Learning High-Level Concepts From Human Motions by ImitationMina Alibeigi, Majid Nili Ahmadabadi, Babak Nadjar AraabiIEEE Transactions · University of Tehran · Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences
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  35. 2011
    Incremental Learning From Stream DataHaibo He, Sheng Chen, Kang Li, Xin XuIEEE Transactions · University of Rhode Island · Stevens Institute of Technology · +3
  36. 2011
    Radial Basis Function Neural Network With Incremental Learning for Face RecognitionYee Wan Wong, Kah Phooi Seng, Li-Minn AngIEEE Transactions · University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus
  37. 2006
    Parameter Incremental Learning Algorithm for Neural NetworksSheng Wan, Larry E. BantaIEEE Transactions · West Virginia University
  38. 2001
    Learn++: an incremental learning algorithm for supervised neural networksRobi Polikar, L. Upda, S.S. Upda, Vasant HonavarIEEE Transactions · Rowan University · Iowa State University · +1
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.