Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

25 papers of 8,653Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    Continual Evolution Strategies in Control TasksNICOLA PITZALIS, Eleni Nisioti, Antonio Carta … Andrea CossuGenetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion · University of Pisa · IT University of Copenhagen
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  2. 2026
    Modular Memory is the Key to Continual Learning AgentsVaggelis Dorovatas, Malte Schwerin, Andrew D. Bagdanov … Rahaf AljundiarXiv
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  3. 2025
    Continual Learning Should Move Beyond Incremental ClassificationRupert Mitchell, Antonio Alliegro, Raffaello Camoriano … Martin MundtarXiv
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  4. 2025
    Replay-free Online Continual Learning with Self-Supervised MultiPatchesGiacomo Cignoni, Andrea Cossu, Alex Gomez-Villa … Antonio CartaThe European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks
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  5. 2025PDF ↗
  6. 2023
    A Comprehensive Empirical Evaluation on Online Continual LearningAlbin Soutif--Cormerais, Antonio Carta, Andrea Cossu … Hamed HematiICCV · Computer Vision Center · University of Pisa · +2
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  7. 2023
    A Simple Recipe to Meta-Learn Forward and Backward TransferEdoardo Cetin, Antonio Carta, Oya ÇeliktutanICCV · King's College School · University of Pisa
  8. 2023
    Improving Online Continual Learning Performance and Stability with Temporal EnsemblesAlbin Soutif--Cormerais, Antonio Carta, Joost van de WeijerCoLLAs
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  9. 2023
    Projected Latent Distillation for Data-Agnostic Consolidation in Distributed Continual LearningAntonio Carta, Andrea Cossu, Vincenzo Lomonaco … Joost van de WeijerNeurocomputing
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  10. 2023
    Avalanche: A PyTorch Library for Deep Continual LearningAntonio Carta, Lorenzo Pellegrini, Andrea Cossu … Vincenzo LomonacoJMLR
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  11. 2023
    Class-Incremental Learning with RepetitionHamed Hemati, Andrea Cossu, Antonio Carta … Damian BorthCoLLAs
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  12. 2022PDF ↗
  13. 2022
    Sample Condensation in Online Continual LearningMattia Sangermano, Antonio Carta, Andrea Cossu, Davide BacciuIJCNN · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
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  14. 2022
    Ex-Model: Continual Learning from a Stream of Trained ModelsAntonio Carta, Andrea Cossu, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuCVPR · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
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  15. 2024
    Continual Pre-Training Mitigates Forgetting in Language and VisionAndrea Cossu, Tinne Tuytelaars, Antonio Carta … Davide BacciuNeural Networks
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  16. 2022
    Is Class-Incremental Enough for Continual Learning?Andrea Cossu, Gabriele Graffieti, Lorenzo Pellegrini … Vincenzo LomonacoFrontiers · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore · +1
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  17. 2022
    Catastrophic Forgetting in Deep Graph Networks: A Graph Classification BenchmarkAntonio Carta, Andrea Cossu, Federico Errica, Davide BacciuFrontiers · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
  18. 2022
    Distilled Replay: Overcoming Forgetting through Synthetic SamplesAndrea Rosasco, Antonio Carta, Andrea Cossu … Davide BacciuSpringer LNCS · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
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  19. 2022
    Practical Recommendations for Replay-based Continual Learning MethodsGabriele Merlin, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Andrea Cossu … Davide BacciuSpringer LNCS · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
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  20. 2022
    Avalanche RL: a Continual Reinforcement Learning LibraryNicoló Lucchesi, Antonio Carta, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuSpringer LNCS · University of Pisa
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  21. 2021
    Continual Learning for Recurrent Neural Networks: an Empirical EvaluationAndrea Cossu, Antonio Carta, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuNeural Networks · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore · +1
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  22. 2021
    Avalanche: an End-to-End Library for Continual LearningVincenzo Lomonaco, Lorenzo Pellegrini, Andrea Cossu … Davide MaltoniCVPR · University of Pisa · University of Bologna · +12
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  23. 2021PDF ↗
  24. 2021
    Continual Learning with Echo State NetworksAndrea Cossu, Davide Bacciu, Antonio Carta … Vincenzo LomonacoESANN 2021 proceedings · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore · +1
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  25. 2020
    Continual Learning with Gated Incremental Memories for sequential data processingAndrea Cossu, Antonio Carta, Davide BacciuIEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Network · University of Pisa
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About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. By default it shows the papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or written by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times. The rest are one click away under “All papers”. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.