Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

64 papers of 8,653 · showing 1–50Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    Reducing catastrophic forgetting via gradient-based task organization in class-incremental learningJunlong Huang, Lingji Xu, Yining Liu, Zhenglin LiNeurocomputing · Sun Yat-sen University · Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) · +1
  2. 2026
    HiCPS: Hierarchical complementary prompt synergy for few-shot class-incremental learningQiang Huang, Shengli Wu, Shaohua Wan … Hu LuNeurocomputing · Jiangsu University · University of Ulster · +4
  3. 2026
    TriP: A triple-prompt framework aligning pre-training and class-incremental objectives in continual graph learning.Can-Ming Cui, Hui-yu Zhou, Pei-Yuan Lai, Chang‐Dong WangNeural Networks · Sun Yat-sen University · Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Health and Family Planning · +1
  4. 2024
    Continual test-time adaptation for object detection with adaptive monitoring and randomized restorationShilei Cao, Juepeng Zheng, Yan Liu … Haohuan FuExpert Systems with Applications · Sun Yat-sen University · National Supercomputing Center in Shenzhen · +4
    PDF ↗
  5. 2026
    Continual Learning with Clip Text-Prototype and an Orthogonal Pre-Expanded Classification HeadTong Yu, Kanghao Chen, Jiantao Tan … Ruixuan WangICASSP · Sun Yat-sen University · Guangzhou University · +1
  6. 2026
    CAKGE: Context-Aware Adaptive Learning for Dynamic Knowledge Graph EmbeddingsZongsheng Cao, Qianqian Xu, Zhiyong Yang … Qingming HuangTPAMI · ShangHai JiAi Genetics & IVF Institute · Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory · +3
  7. 2026
    Learning Prompt Adapters for Forgetting-Free Continual Image Super-ResolutionChaowei Fang, Bolin Fu, De Cheng … Guanbin LiTIP · Xidian University · Sun Yat-sen University
  8. 2025
    Towards understanding memory buffer based continual learningGuodong Zheng, Peng Wang, Tao Sun, Li ShenNeural Networks · Huazhong University of Science and Technology · Sun Yat-sen University · +1
  9. 2025
    Dual-modality adaptation in vision-language models for continual learningJiahao Zeng, Wentao Zhang, Kanghao Chen … Ruixuan WangNeural Networks · Sun Yat-sen University · GCI Science & Technology (China) · +1
  10. 2025
    Quantifying Samples with Invariance for Source-Free Class Incremental Domain AdaptationZhiyu Ye, Guowen Li, Haoyuan Liang … Juepeng ZhengACM International Conference on Multimedia · Sun Yat-sen University · National Supercomputing Center in Shenzhen
  11. 2025
    Boosting confidence in class-incremental learning via discriminative local feature enhancementWeizhuo Zhang, Ping Hu, Qiu Li … Ruixuan WangNeurocomputing · Sun Yat-sen University · Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province · +3
  12. 2025
    iManip: Skill-Incremental Learning for Robotic ManipulationZexin Zheng, Jia-Feng Cai, Xiao-Ming Wu … Wei-Shi ZhengICCV · Sun Yat-sen University
    PDF ↗
  13. 2025
    Release the Potential of Memory Buffer in Continual Learning: A Dynamic System PerspectiveZhenyi Wang, Li Shen, Tiehang Duan … Dacheng TaoTPAMI · University of Central Florida · Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada) · +6
  14. 2023
    Task-Distributionally Robust Data-Free Meta-LearningZixuan Hu, Yongxian Wei, Li Shen … Dacheng TaoTPAMI · Nanyang Technological University · Tsinghua–Berkeley Shenzhen Institute · +6
    PDF ↗
  15. 2025
    Enhancing long-term memory in federated class continual learning with lightweight adaptersPan Wang, Wang Ji, Zhengyi Zhong … Jianguo ChenNeurocomputing · National University of Defense Technology · Sun Yat-sen University
  16. 2025
    Slowly expanding neural network for class incremental learningZhengjin Xu, Xuyang Li, Xiaobin Chang … Ruixuan WangPattern Recognition · Sun Yat-sen University · Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province · +2
  17. 2024
    Federated Continual Graph LearningYinlin Zhu, Miao Hu, Di WuKDD · Sun Yat-sen University
    PDF ↗
  18. 2025
    Re-examine all-in-one image restoration: A catastrophic forgetting perspectiveChen Wu, Pu Wang, Zhuoran ZhengPattern Recognition Letters · University of Science and Technology of China · Shandong University · +2
  19. 2025
    Invariant prompting with classifier rectification for continual learningChunsing Lo, Hao Zhang, J. AndyImage and Vision Computing · Sun Yat-sen University · Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province
  20. 2025
    LoRA Subtraction for Drift-Resistant Space in Exemplar-Free Continual LearningXuan Liu, Xiaobin ChangCVPR · Sun Yat-sen University
    PDF ↗
  21. 2025
  22. 2025
    SacFL: Self-Adaptive Federated Continual Learning for Resource-Constrained End DevicesZhengyi Zhong, Weidong Bao, Ji Wang … Wei Yang Bryan LimTNNLS · National University of Defense Technology · Sun Yat-sen University · +2
    PDF ↗
  23. 2025
    Open-World Class Incremental Learning with Adaptive ThresholdHan LuoJisuanji shenghuojia. · Sun Yat-sen University
    PDF ↗
  24. 2025
    Preserving and combining knowledge in robotic lifelong reinforcement learningYuan Meng, Zhenshan Bing, Xiangtong Yao … Alois KnollNature Machine Intelligence · Technical University of Munich · Nanjing University · +2
    PDF ↗
  25. 2025
    Revisiting Flatness-Aware Optimization in Continual Learning With Orthogonal Gradient ProjectionEnneng Yang, Li Shen, Zhenyi Wang … Dacheng TaoTPAMI · Northeastern University · Sun Yat-sen University · +3
  26. 2025
    Visual Class Incremental Learning With Textual Priors Guidance Based on an Adapted Vision-Language ModelWentao Zhang, Tong Yu, Ruixuan Wang … Xiaobo YangIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Sun Yat-sen University · Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine · +1
  27. 2025
    Flat Local Minima for Continual Learning on Semantic SegmentationZhongzhan Huang, Mingfu Liang, Senwei Liang, Shanshan ZhongSpringer LNCS · Sun Yat-sen University · Northwestern University · +1
  28. 2025
    MKT: A Multi-Stage Knowledge Transfer Framework to Mitigate Catastrophic Forgetting in Multi-Domain Chinese Spelling CorrectionPeng Xing, Yinghui Li, Shirong Ma … Ying ShenEMNLP · Tsinghua–Berkeley Shenzhen Institute · Beihang University · +2
    PDF ↗
  29. 2024
    Breaking Information Silos: Global Guided Task Prediction for Class-Incremental LearningChaoshun Hu, Biaohua Ye, Zixuan Chen, Jianhuang LaiSpringer LNCS · Sun Yat-sen University · Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China · +1
  30. 2023
    A Comprehensive Survey of Forgetting in Deep Learning Beyond Continual LearningZhenyi Wang, Enneng Yang, Li Shen, Heng HuangTPAMI · University of Maryland, College Park · Northeastern University · +1
    PDF ↗
  31. 2024
    Enhancing Task Identification Through Pseudo-OOD Features for Class-Incremental LearningWeizhuo Zhang, Jiankang Chen, Wentao Zhang … Ruixuan WangSpringer LNCS · Sun Yat-sen University · Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province · +1
  32. 2023
    Continual Learning From a Stream of APIsEnneng Yang, Zhenyi Wang, Li Shen … Dacheng TaoTPAMI · Northeastern University · University of Maryland, College Park · +4
    PDF ↗
  33. 2024
    Continual Learning of Image Classes With Language Guidance From a Vision-Language ModelWentao Zhang, Yujun Huang, Weizhuo Zhang … Ruixuan WangIEEE TCSVT · Sun Yat-sen University · Peng Cheng Laboratory · +1
  34. 2024
    Expand and Merge: Continual Learning with the Guidance of Fixed Text Embedding SpaceYujun Huang, Wentao Zhang, Ruixuan WangIJCNN · Sun Yat-sen University
  35. 2024
    Consistent Prompting for Rehearsal-Free Continual LearningZhanxin Gao, Jun Cen, Xiaobin ChangCVPR · Sun Yat-sen University · Hong Kong University of Science and Technology · +1
    PDF ↗
  36. 2024
    Solving the Catastrophic Forgetting Problem in Generalized Category DiscoveryXinzi Cao, Xiawu Zheng, Guanhong Wang … Yonghong TianCVPR · Sun Yat-sen University · Peng Cheng Laboratory · +2
    PDF ↗
  37. 2023
    Continual Action Assessment via Task-Consistent Score-Discriminative Feature Distribution ModelingYuan-Ming Li, Ling-An Zeng, Jingke Meng, Wei‐Shi ZhengIEEE TCSVT · Sun Yat-sen University
    PDF ↗
  38. 2024
    Contrastive Continual Learning with Importance Sampling and Prototype-Instance Relation DistillationJiyong Li, Dilshod Azizov, Yang Li, Shangsong LiangAAAI · Sun Yat-sen University · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence
    PDF ↗
  39. 2024
    Generalizable Two-Branch Framework for Image Class-Incremental LearningChao Wu, Xiaobin Chang, Ruixuan WangICASSP · Sun Yat-sen University
    PDF ↗
  40. 2024
    CtF: Mitigating Visual Confusion in Continual Learning Through a Coarse-To-Fine ScreeningZejun Ye, Defeng Zhao, Wentao Zhang, Ruixuan WangSpringer LNCS · Sun Yat-sen University · Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province · +1
  41. 2023
    Dynamic Task Subspace Ensemble for Class-Incremental LearningWeile Zhang, Yuanjian He, Yulai CongSpringer LNCS · Sun Yat-sen University
  42. 2023
    Adaptively Integrated Knowledge Distillation and Prediction Uncertainty for Continual LearningKanghao Chen, Sijia Lin, Jianguo Zhang … Ruixuan WangChina Automation Congress (CAC) · Sun Yat-sen University · Southern University of Science and Technology
    PDF ↗
  43. 2023
    Lifelong-MonoDepth: Lifelong Learning for Multidomain Monocular Metric Depth EstimationJunjie Hu, Chenyou Fan, Liguang Zhou … Tin Lun LamTNNLS · Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen · South China Normal University · +2
    PDF ↗
  44. 2023
    When Prompt-based Incremental Learning Does Not Meet Strong PretrainingYuming Tang, Yi-Xing Peng, Wei‐Shi ZhengICCV · Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China · Sun Yat-sen University · +1
    PDF ↗
  45. 2023
    CTP: Towards Vision-Language Continual Pretraining via Compatible Momentum Contrast and Topology PreservationHongguang Zhu, Yunchao Wei, Xiaodan Liang … Yao ZhaoICCV · Beijing Jiaotong University · Peng Cheng Laboratory · +2
    PDF ↗
  46. 2023
    Dynamic Residual Classifier for Class Incremental LearningXiuwei Chen, Xiaobin ChangICCV · Sun Yat-sen University · Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China · +1
    PDF ↗
  47. 2023
    Continual Learning via Manifold Expansion ReplayZihao Xu, Xuan Tang, Yufei Shi … Xian WeiIEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybern… · East China Normal University · Sun Yat-sen University · +2
    PDF ↗
  48. 2022
    Statistical mechanics of continual learning: variational principle and mean-field potentialChan Li, Zhenye Huang, Wenxuan Zou, Haiping HuangPhysical review. E · Sun Yat-sen University · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +1
    PDF ↗
  49. 2023
    Discriminative Gradient Adjustment with Coupled Knowledge Distillation for Class Incremental LearningHao Zhang, Yanxu Hu, Jiawen Peng, J. AndyIEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME) · Sun Yat-sen University · Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China · +1
  50. 2022
    Continual learning with Bayesian model based on a fixed pre-trained feature extractorYang Yang, Zhiying Cui, Junjie Xu … Ruixuan WangVisual Intelligence · Sun Yat-sen University · Peng Cheng Laboratory · +1
    PDF ↗
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.