Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1959 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

50 papers of 11,817Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    \textsc{PGO-BEN}: Proxy-Guided Orthogonalization and Beta Ensembling for Few-Shot Domain-Incremental LearningSamrat Mukherjee, T. Venkateswaran, E. Coleman … Biplab BanerjeeTrans. Mach. Learn. Res.
  2. 2025
    A Compositional Paradigm for Foundation Models: Towards Smarter Robotic AgentsL. Quarantiello, Elia Piccoli, Jack Bell … Vincenzo LomonacoarXiv
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  3. 2025
    GLAM: Efficient Continual Learning at Scale via Grouped LoRA Adapter MergingIrene Testa, L. Quarantiello, E. Coleman … Vincenzo LomonacoarXiv
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  4. 2025
    Task-Agnostic Experts Composition for Continual LearningL. Quarantiello, Andrea Cossu, Vincenzo LomonacoHHAI Workshops
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  5. 2025
    The Future of Continual Learning in the Era of Foundation Models: Three Key DirectionsJack Bell, L. Quarantiello, E. Coleman … Vincenzo LomonacoHHAI Workshops
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  6. 2025
    Parameter-Efficient Continual Fine-Tuning: A SurveyE. Coleman, L. Quarantiello, Zi-Yue Liu … Vincenzo LomonacoNeurocomputing
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  7. 2024
    Adaptive LoRA Merging for Efficient Domain Incremental LearningL. Quarantiello, E. Coleman, J. Hurtado, Vincenzo LomonacoNeurIPS
  8. 2024
    Streaming Continual Learning for Unified Adaptive Intelligence in Dynamic EnvironmentsFederico Giannini, Giacomo Ziffer, Andrea Cossu … San MurugesanIEEE Intelligent Systems
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  9. 2024
    Continually Learn to Map Visual Concepts to Large Language Models in Resource-constrained EnvironmentsC. Rebillard, J. Hurtado, Andrii Krutsylo … Vincenzo LomonacoNeurocomputing
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  10. 2024
    I Know How: Combining Prior Policies to Solve New TasksMalio Li, Elia Piccoli, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuIEEE Conference on Games (CoG)
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  11. 2024
    Calibration of Continual Learning ModelsLan-Pei Li, Elia Piccoli, Andrea Cossu … Vincenzo LomonacoCVPR
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  12. 2024
    Adaptive Hyperparameter Optimization for Continual Learning ScenariosRudy Semola, J. Hurtado, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuCLAI Unconf
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  13. 2022
    Memory Population in Continual Learning via Outlier EliminationJulio Hurtado, Alain Raymond-Sáez, Vladimir Araujo … Davide BacciuICCV · University of Pisa · Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile · +1
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  14. 2023
    A Comprehensive Empirical Evaluation on Online Continual LearningAlbin Soutif-Cormerais, Antonio Carta, Andrea Cossu … Hamed HematiICCV
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  15. 2023
    Partial Hypernetworks for Continual LearningHamed Hemati, Vincenzo Lomonaco, D. Bacciu, Damian BorthCoLLAs
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  16. 2023
    Studying Generalization on Memory-Based Methods in Continual LearningFelipe del Rio, J. Hurtado, Cristian-Radu Buc … Vincenzo LomonacoarXiv
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  17. 2023
    Projected Latent Distillation for Data-Agnostic Consolidation in Distributed Continual LearningAntonio Carta, Andrea Cossu, Vincenzo Lomonaco … Joost van de WeijerNeurocomputing
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  18. 2023
    Deep Continual Learning (Dagstuhl Seminar 23122)T. Tuytelaars, Bing Liu, Vincenzo Lomonaco … Andrea CossuDagstuhl Reports
  19. 2022PDF ↗
  20. 2022
    Continual Learning for Human State MonitoringFederico Matteoni, Andrea Cossu, Claudio Gallicchio … Davide BacciuThe European Symposium on Artificial Neural Networks
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  21. 2022PDF ↗
  22. 2021
    Ex-Model: Continual Learning from a Stream of Trained ModelsAntonio Carta, Andrea Cossu, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuCVPR · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
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  23. 2022
    Continual Pre-Training Mitigates Forgetting in Language and VisionAndrea Cossu, Tinne Tuytelaars, Antonio Carta … Davide BacciuNeural Networks
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  24. 2022
    Generative Negative Replay for Continual LearningGabriele Graffieti, Davide Maltoni, Lorenzo Pellegrini, Vincenzo LomonacoNeural Networks
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  25. 2021
    Is Class-Incremental Enough for Continual Learning?Andrea Cossu, Gabriele Graffieti, Lorenzo Pellegrini … Vincenzo LomonacoFrontiers · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore · +1
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  26. 2021
    Distilled Replay: Overcoming Forgetting through Synthetic SamplesAndrea Rosasco, Antonio Carta, Andrea Cossu … Davide BacciuSpringer LNCS · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
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  27. 2022
    Practical Recommendations for Replay-based Continual Learning MethodsGabriele Merlin, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Andrea Cossu … Davide BacciuSpringer LNCS · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
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  28. 2022
    Avalanche RL: a Continual Reinforcement Learning LibraryNicoló Lucchesi, Antonio Carta, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuSpringer LNCS · University of Pisa
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  29. 2022
    Populating Memory in Continual Learning with Consistency Aware SamplingJ. Hurtado, Alain Raymond-Sáez, Vladimir Araujo … D. BacciuPreprint
  30. 2022
  31. 2020
    CVPR 2020 Continual Learning in Computer Vision Competition: Approaches, Results, Current Challenges and Future DirectionsVincenzo Lomonaco, Lorenzo Pellegrini, Pau Rodríguez … Davide MaltoniArtificial Intelligence · University of Bologna · Mila - Quebec Artificial Intelligence Institute · +7
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  32. 2021
    Continual Learning for Recurrent Neural Networks: an Empirical EvaluationAndrea Cossu, Antonio Carta, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuNeural Networks · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore · +1
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  33. 2021
    Avalanche: an End-to-End Library for Continual LearningVincenzo Lomonaco, Lorenzo Pellegrini, Andrea Cossu … Davide MaltoniCVPR · University of Pisa · University of Bologna · +12
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  34. 2021
    Continual Learning at the Edge: Real-Time Training on Smartphone DevicesLorenzo Pellegrini, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Gabriele Graffieti, Davide MaltoniESANN 2021 proceedings · Azienda-Unita' Sanitaria Locale Di Cesena · University of Pisa · +1
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  35. 2021
    Continual Learning with Echo State NetworksAndrea Cossu, Davide Bacciu, Antonio Carta … Vincenzo LomonacoESANN 2021 proceedings · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore · +1
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  36. 2021
    Sustainable Artificial Intelligence through Continual LearningAndrea Cossu, Marta Ziosi, Vincenzo LomonacoInternational Conference on AI for People: Towards Sustai… · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore · +1
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  37. 2019
    Latent Replay for Real-Time Continual LearningLorenzo Pellegrini, Gabriele Graffieti, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide MaltoniIROS · University of Bologna
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  38. 2020
    Memory-Latency-Accuracy Trade-Offs for Continual Learning on a RISC-V Extreme-Edge NodeLeonardo Ravaglia, Manuele Rusci, Alessandro Capotondi … Luca BeniniIEEE Workshop on Signal Processing Systems · University of Bologna · University of Modena and Reggio Emilia · +1
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  39. 2019
    Rehearsal-Free Continual Learning over Small Non-I.I.D. BatchesVincenzo Lomonaco, Davide Maltoni, Lorenzo PellegriniCVPR · University of Bologna
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  40. 2020
    IROS 2019 Lifelong Robotic Vision: Object Recognition Challenge [Competitions]Heechul Bae, Eoin Brophy, Rosa H. M. Chan … Liguang ZhouIEEE Robotics & Automation Magazine · Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute · Dublin City University · +9
  41. 2019
    OpenLORIS-Object: A Robotic Vision Dataset and Benchmark for Lifelong Deep LearningQi She, Fan Feng, Xinyue Hao … Rosa H. M. ChanICRA · City University of Hong Kong · Tsinghua University · +4
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  42. 2020PDF ↗
  43. 2019
    Efficient Continual Learning in Neural Networks with Embedding RegularizationJary Pomponi, Simone Scardapane, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Aurelio UnciniNeurocomputing · Sapienza University of Rome · University of Bologna
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  44. 2020
    Online Continual Learning on SequencesGerman I. Parisi, Vincenzo LomonacoStudies in computational intelligence · Universität Hamburg · University of Bologna
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  45. 2019
    Continual Learning for RoboticsTimothée Lesort, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Andrei Stoian … Natalia Díaz-RodríguezInformation Fusion · Thales (Portugal) · Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies du numérique · +3
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  46. 2018
    Continuous Learning in Single-Incremental-Task ScenariosDavide Maltoni, Vincenzo LomonacoNeural Networks · University of Bologna
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  47. 2019
    Continual Learning with Deep ArchitecturesVincenzo LomonacoAMS Dottorato Institutional Doctoral Theses Repository (U…
  48. 2018
    Don't forget, there is more than forgetting: new metrics for Continual LearningNatalia Díaz-Rodríguez, Vincenzo Lomonaco, David Filliat, Davide MaltoniarXiv · Laboratoire d’Informatique et Systèmes · University of Bologna
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  49. 2017PDF ↗
  50. 2016
    Comparing Incremental Learning Strategies for Convolutional Neural NetworksVincenzo Lomonaco, Davide MaltoniSpringer LNCS · University of Bologna
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.