Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

85 papers of 8,653 · showing 1–50Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    A scalable complexity-regularized modular network for continual learningZiye Fang, Bo Wan, Shangqi Guo, Jian K. LiuNeurocomputing · Xidian University · Human Computer Interaction (Switzerland) · +2
  2. 2026
    Reducing catastrophic forgetting via gradient-based task organization in class-incremental learningJunlong Huang, Lingji Xu, Yining Liu, Zhenglin LiNeurocomputing · Sun Yat-sen University · Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou) · +1
  3. 2026
    MCo2L: A unified framework for multimodal contrastive continual learning in audio-visual question answeringKunning Wu, Xinde Li, Xinde Li … Jin DengNeurocomputing · Southeast University · Northeastern University
  4. 2026
    HiCPS: Hierarchical complementary prompt synergy for few-shot class-incremental learningQiang Huang, Shengli Wu, Shaohua Wan … Hu LuNeurocomputing · Jiangsu University · University of Ulster · +4
  5. 2026
    CD-IMM: A Bayesian non-parametric classifier for continual learningDaniele Castellana, Antonio CartaNeurocomputing · University of Florence · University of Pisa · +1
  6. 2026
    Geometry-controlled convex hull prototype framework for online task-free continual learningCong Tu Tran, Thanh Tuan Nguyen, Thanh Tuan Nguyen, Nadège Thirion‐MoreauNeurocomputing · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université de Toulon · +4
  7. 2026
    Parameter-Efficient Continual Fine-Tuning: A SurveyE N Coleman, Luigi Quarantiello, Ziyue Liu … Vincenzo LomonacoNeurocomputing · University of Pisa · Politecnico di Torino · +4
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  8. 2026
  9. 2026
    A negative-anchored self-relabeling strategy for multi-label class-incremental learningKaile Du, Junzhou Xie, Fan Lyu … Guangcan LiuNeurocomputing · Southeast University · Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona · +1
  10. 2026
    Disentangled variational information bottleneck with hyper-cluster for few-shot class-incremental audio classificationXiaoping Xiao, Keyong Hu, Xingchen Ren … Jerry Chun‐Wei LinNeurocomputing · Qingdao University · Qingdao University of Science and Technology · +2
  11. 2026
    Towards self-adaptive learning: A comprehensive survey on continual learning under harsh conditionsRoozbeh Razavi‐Far, Ehsan Hallaji, Alireza Fathalizadeh … Mohammad RostamiNeurocomputing · University of New Brunswick · University of Southern California
  12. 2026
    Knowledge consolidation with evolutionary alignment for class-incremental learningTung Tran, Marko Zolo Gozano Untalan, Wan Zikang, Danilo Vasconcellos VargasNeurocomputing · Kyushu University
  13. 2026
    DVQE: Discrete variational quantum eigensolver for memory allocation in continual learningYi Zheng, Cheng Xie, Chenlei Fang … Haobin ShiNeurocomputing · Northwestern Polytechnical University
  14. 2026
    Improving Continual Learning of Knowledge Graph Embeddings via Informed InitializationGerard Pons, Besim Bilalli, Anna QueraltNeurocomputing · Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
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  15. 2026
    Adapting to dissimilar tasks for continual learning via gradient norm regularisationXulong Wang, Tong Liu, Menghui Zhou … Po YangNeurocomputing · University of Sheffield · Hong Kong Polytechnic University
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  16. 2026PDF ↗
  17. 2026
  18. 2026
    Class-incremental continual graph learning with adversarial graph condensationQiAo Yuan, Boxuan Zhu, Sheng-Uei Guan … Prudence WongNeurocomputing · University of Liverpool · Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University
  19. 2026
    G-Scaler: Graph few-shot class-incremental learning via structural coupling and elegant shift rectificationBin Wang, Boxiang Tao, Hongbo Dou … Lin LuoNeurocomputing · China University of Petroleum, East China
  20. 2026
    FedCapD: Federated class-incremental learning via capsule distillation and diffusion replaySaeed Iqbal, Muhammad Abdullah Khan, Ghulam Mustafa … Amir HussainNeurocomputing · Shenzhen University · University of Central Punjab · +5
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  21. 2026
    OCL-SKD: Balancing plasticity and stability in online continual learning via self-knowledge distillationZheng Liu, Zhanyang Liu, Yike Liu … Jinfeng LiuNeurocomputing · Ningxia University · Beihang University · +1
  22. 2026
    MRKD-PBCL: Multi-level region-wise knowledge distillation and prototype balanced contrastive learning for class incremental semantic segmentationHui Zhou, Huanjie Tao, Qiuhan Zhang … Benran LiNeurocomputing · Northwestern Polytechnical University · Nanjing Forestry University · +1
  23. 2026PDF ↗
  24. 2026
    WAVE++: Capturing within-task variance for continual relation extraction with adaptive promptingBao-Ngoc Dao, Minh Le, Quang Nguyen … Linh Ngo VanNeurocomputing · Hanoi University of Science and Technology
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  25. 2026
    A practical guide to streaming continual learningAndrea Cossu, Federico Giannini, Giacomo Ziffer … Davide BacciuNeurocomputing · University of Pisa · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa · +6
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  26. 2026
    GCL: Group-shared continual learning fine-tuning for sparse LLMsYanzhe Wang, Baoqun YinNeurocomputing · University of Science and Technology of China
  27. 2026
    Task-adaptive continual learning of vision language models via prototype routing and promptLei Pan, Zhipeng Lu, Yuan Zheng … Chang XuNeurocomputing · Civil Aviation Administration of China · Chinese Academy of Civil Aviation Science and Technology · +3
  28. 2026
  29. 2025
    Learning diverse and adaptive representations for continual learningMingyan Liu, Fei YeNeurocomputing · Shenzhen Institute of Information Technology · University Town of Shenzhen · +2
  30. 2025
    Overcoming catastrophic forgetting in robotic manipulation via knowledge-compositional reinforcement learningWenzhang Liu, Wanyi Yao, Ke‐Ke Yang … Changyin SunNeurocomputing · Anhui University
  31. 2025
    Boosting confidence in class-incremental learning via discriminative local feature enhancementWeizhuo Zhang, Ping Hu, Qiu Li … Ruixuan WangNeurocomputing · Sun Yat-sen University · Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province · +3
  32. 2025
    A rate-dependent coreset selector for continual learning on time-varying data distributionsZilin Luo, Zichen Tian, Yaoyao Liu, Qianru SunNeurocomputing · Singapore Management University · University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
  33. 2025
    Enhancing long-term memory in federated class continual learning with lightweight adaptersPan Wang, Wang Ji, Zhengyi Zhong … Jianguo ChenNeurocomputing · National University of Defense Technology · Sun Yat-sen University
  34. 2025
    RehearMixup: Improving rehearsal-based continual learningYan Zhang, Kaiyuan Qi, Dong Wu … Yilong YinNeurocomputing · Shandong University · Inspur (China)
  35. 2025
    Latent attribute augmented network for few-shot class-incremental learningYongli Hu, J Zhang, Huajie Jiang, Baocai YinNeurocomputing · Beijing University of Technology
  36. 2025
    RMAF: A replay method based on active forgetting for continual learningHuaxiao Qiu, Jianzhou Feng, Lazhi Zhao … Ziqi WangNeurocomputing · Yanshan University · Hebei University of Environmental Engineering · +1
  37. 2025
    Continually Learn to Map Visual Concepts to Large Language Models in Resource-constrained EnvironmentsClea Rebillard, Julio Hurtado, Andrii Krutsylo … Vincenzo LomonacoNeurocomputing · Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux · University of Warwick · +3
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  38. 2025
    Federated Continual Learning: Concepts, Challenges, and SolutionsParisa Hamedi, Roozbeh Razavi‐Far, Ehsan HallajiNeurocomputing · University of New Brunswick · University of Windsor
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  39. 2025
    Adapt & Align: Continual Learning with Generative Models Latent Space AlignmentKamil Rafał Deja, Bartosz Cywiński, Jan Rybarczyk, T. P. TrzcinskiNeurocomputing · Warsaw University of Technology · IDEA of Development Foundation · +1
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  40. 2025
    Continual-MEGA: A Large-scale Benchmark for Generalizable Continual Anomaly DetectionGeonu Lee, Yujeong Oh, Geonhui Jang … Y. YooNeurocomputing
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  41. 2025
    Class Incremental Learning with probability dampening and cascaded gated classifierJary Pomponi, Alessio Devoto, Simone ScardapaneNeurocomputing · Sapienza University of Rome
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  42. 2025
    Enhance the old representations' adaptability dynamically for exemplar-free continual learningKunchi Li, Chaoyue Ding, Jun Wan, Shan YuNeurocomputing · Shandong Institute of Automation · Institute of Automation · +1
  43. 2025
    DCFT: Dependency-aware continual learning fine-tuning for sparse LLMsYanzhe Wang, Yizhen Wang, Baoqun YinNeurocomputing · University of Science and Technology of China
  44. 2025
    Minion Gated Recurrent Unit for Continual LearningAbdullah M. Zyarah, D. KudithipudiNeurocomputing
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  45. 2025
    Graph-based interactive knowledge distillation for social relation continual learningWang Tang, Linbo Qing, Pingyu Wang … Yonghong PengNeurocomputing · Sichuan University · Anglia Ruskin University
  46. 2025
    IDEAL: Interpretable-by-Design ALgorithms for learning from foundation feature spacesPlamen Angelov, Dmitry Kangin, Ziyang ZhangNeurocomputing · Lancaster University
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  47. 2025
    Adaptively forget with crossmodal and textual distillation for class-incremental video captioningHuiyu Xiong, Lanxiao Wang, Heqian Qiu … Hongliang LiNeurocomputing · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
  48. 2025
    Evolving Ensemble Model based on Hilbert Schmidt Independence Criterion for task-free continual learningFei Ye, Adrian G. BorşNeurocomputing · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · University of York
  49. 2025
    Knowledge fusion distillation and gradient-based data distillation for class-incremental learningLin Xiong, Xin Guan, Hailing Xiong … Fuqing ZhangNeurocomputing · Southwest University · Chongqing Jiaotong University · +2
  50. 2024
    Potential Knowledge Extraction Network for Class-Incremental LearningXidong Xi, Guitao Cao, Wenming Cao … He RenNeurocomputing · Shanghai Key Laboratory of Trustworthy Computing · East China Normal University · +1
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. By default it shows the papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or written by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times. The rest are one click away under “All papers”. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.