Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

59 papers of 8,653 · showing 1–50Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    Dynamic nested hierarchies: self-evolving machine learning architectures for lifelong learningAkbar Anbar Jafari, Cagri Ozcinar, Gholamreza AnbarjafariFrontiers · University of Tartu · Estonian Business School
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  2. 2026
    Improvements to dark experience replay and reservoir sampling for better balance between consolidation and plasticityTaisuke KobayashiFrontiers · The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI
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  3. 2026
    Astrocyte-gated multi-timescale plasticity for online continual learning in deep spiking neural networksZhengshan Dong, Wude HeFrontiers · Minjiang University · Fujian Metrology Institute
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  4. 2025
    Self-evolving cognitive substrates through metabolic data processing and recursive self-representation with autonomous memory prioritization mechanismsMohammadreza NehzatiFrontiers · University of Tennessee Medical Center · University of Tennessee at Knoxville
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  5. 2025
    Learning After Model DeploymentDerda Kaymak, Gyuhak Kim, Tomoya Kaichi … Bing LiuFrontiers · University of Illinois Chicago · Accenture (United States) · +1
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  6. 2025
    Multi-Modal Continual Learning via Cross-Modality Adapters and Representation Alignment with Knowledge PreservationEvelyn Chee, Wynne Hsu, Mong Li LeeFrontiers · National University of Singapore
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  7. 2025
    Feature Drift Oriented Distribution Reconstruction for Imbalanced Class Incremental LearningTingmin Li, Fengqiang Wan, Yipeng Lin, Yang YangFrontiers · Nanjing University of Science and Technology
  8. 2025
    GEMPA: Graph-Enhanced Multimodal Prototype Alignment for Class Incremental LearningYuling Chen, Zhenming Zhang, Chunxia Ren … Li XiaoFrontiers · Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
  9. 2025
  10. 2025
    Autonomous retrieval for continuous learning in associative memory networksPaul Saighi, M. J. RozenbergFrontiers · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · +4
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  11. 2025
    Maximizing theoretical and practical storage capacity in single-layer feedforward neural networksZane Z. Chou, Jean‐Marie C. BouteillerFrontiers · University of Southern California · Quantum Intelligence (United States) · +1
  12. 2025
  13. 2024
    Reset It and Forget It: Relearning Last-Layer Weights Improves Continual and Transfer LearningL. Frati, Neil Traft, Jeff Clune, Nick CheneyFrontiers · University of Vermont · Canadian Institute for Advanced Research · +2
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  14. 2024
    Informed Spectral Normalized Gaussian Processes for Trajectory PredictionChristian Schlauch, Christian Wirth, Nadja KleinFrontiers · Continental (Germany) · Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin · +2
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  15. 2024
    Learning After Learning: Positive Backward Transfer in Continual LearningW. Wong, Yun Sing Koh, Gillian DobbieFrontiers · University of Auckland
  16. 2024
    Natural Mitigation of Catastrophic Interference: Continual Learning in Power-Law Learning EnvironmentsAtith Gandhi, Raj Sanjay Shah, Vijay Marupudi, Sashank VarmaFrontiers · Georgia Institute of Technology
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  17. 2024
    Bridging Continual Learning of Motion and Self-Supervised RepresentationsMatteo Tiezzi, Simone Marullo, Alessandro Betti … Stefano MelacciFrontiers · Italian Institute of Technology · University of Florence · +2
  18. 2024
    Prompt-Based Domain Incremental Learning with Modular Classification LayerBoyu Wang, Yue Ma, Qinru QiuFrontiers · Syracuse University
  19. 2024
    Expandable-RCNN: toward high-efficiency incremental few-shot object detectionYiting Li, Sichao Tian, Haiyue Zhu … Prahlad VadakkepatFrontiers · National University of Singapore · Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College · +3
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  20. 2024
    Context association in pyramidal neurons through local synaptic plasticity in apical dendritesMaximilian Baronig, Robert LegensteinFrontiers · Graz University of Technology
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  21. 2023
    Ada-QPacknet - Multi-Task Forget-Free Continual Learning with Quantization Driven Adaptive PruningMarcin Pietroń, Dominik Żurek, Kamil Faber, Roberto CorizzoFrontiers · AGH University of Krakow · American University
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  22. 2023
    Offline Experience Replay for Continual Offline Reinforcement LearningSibo Gai, Donglin Wang, Li HeFrontiers · Fudan University · Westlake University
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  23. 2023
    Data-Free Class-Incremental Learning with Implicit Representation of PrototypesTianwen Yang, Leixiong Huang, Ronghua LuoFrontiers · South China University of Technology
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  24. 2023
    Adaptive Self-Supervised Continual LearningLilei Wu, Zhen Wang, Jie LiuFrontiers · National University of Defense Technology · Tsinghua University
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  25. 2023
    R-STAR: Robust Self-Taught Task-Wise Reweighting for Rehearsal-Based Class Incremental LearningYutian Luo, Yizhao Gao, Haoran Wu … Zhiwu LuFrontiers · Renmin University of China · China United Network Communications Group (China)
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  26. 2023
    Few-Shot Continual Learning Based on Vector Symbolic ArchitecturesGeethan Karunaratne, Michael Hersche, Giovanni Cherubini … Abbas RahimiFrontiers · IBM Research - Zurich
  27. 2023
    Map-based experience replay: a memory-efficient solution to catastrophic forgetting in reinforcement learningMuhammad Burhan Hafez, Tilman Immisch, Tom Weber, Stefan WermterFrontiers · Universität Hamburg · Hamburg University of Technology
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  28. 2023
    A survey and perspective on neuromorphic continual learning systemsRicha Mishra, Manan SuriFrontiers · Indian Institute of Technology Delhi
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  29. 2023
    On-device synaptic memory consolidation using Fowler-Nordheim quantum-tunnelingMustafizur Rahman, Subhankar Bose, Shantanu ChakrabarttyFrontiers · Washington University in St. Louis
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  30. 2022
    Bayesian continual learning via spiking neural networksNicolas Skatchkovsky, Hyeryung Jang, Osvaldo SimeoneFrontiers · King's College London · Dongguk University
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  31. 2022
    Brain-inspired Predictive Coding Improves the Performance of Machine Challenging TasksJangho Lee, Jeonghee Jo, Byoung-Hwa Lee … Sungroh YoonFrontiers · Seoul National University · Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute · +1
  32. 2022
    Self-organized Learning from Synthetic and Real-World Data for a Humanoid Exercise RobotNicolas Duczek, Matthias Kerzel, Philipp Allgeuer, Stefan WermterFrontiers · Universität Hamburg
  33. 2022
    A neuro-inspired computational model of life-long learning and catastrophic interference, mimicking hippocampus novelty-based dopamine modulation and lateral inhibitory plasticityPierangelo Afferni, Federico Cascino-Milani, Andrea Mattera, Gianluca BaldassarreFrontiers · Università Campus Bio-Medico · University of Würzburg · +2
  34. 2022
    Continual Sequence Modeling With Predictive CodingLouis Annabi, Alexandre Pitti, Mathias QuoyFrontiers · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Equipes Traitement de l'Information et Systèmes · +2
  35. 2022
    Avoiding Catastrophe: Active Dendrites Enable Multi-Task Learning in Dynamic EnvironmentsAbhiram Iyer, Karan Grewal, Akash Velu … Subutai AhmadFrontiers · Carnegie Mellon University · Stanford University · +1
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  36. 2022
    What Is Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis Good for?Gerd KempermannFrontiers · German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases · Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden · +1
  37. 2022
    Is Class-Incremental Enough for Continual Learning?Andrea Cossu, Gabriele Graffieti, Lorenzo Pellegrini … Vincenzo LomonacoFrontiers · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore · +1
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  38. 2022
    Mind Your Manners! A Dataset and a Continual Learning Approach for Assessing Social Appropriateness of Robot ActionsJonas Tjomsland, Sinan Kalkan, Hatice GüneşFrontiers · University of Cambridge · Middle East Technical University
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  39. 2022
    Catastrophic Forgetting in Deep Graph Networks: A Graph Classification BenchmarkAntonio Carta, Andrea Cossu, Federico Errica, Davide BacciuFrontiers · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
  40. 2021
    Coffee With a Hint of Data: Towards Using Data-Driven Approaches in Personalised Long-Term InteractionsBahar Irfan, Mehdi Hellou, Tony BelpaemeFrontiers · University of Plymouth · Ghent University
  41. 2021
    A Brain-Inspired Homeostatic Neuron Based on Phase-Change Memories for Efficient Neuromorphic ComputingIrene Muñoz-Martín, S. Bianchi, Shahin Hashemkhani … Daniele IelminiFrontiers · Politecnico di Milano
  42. 2021
    Learning Then, Learning Now, and Every Second in Between: Lifelong Learning With a Simulated Humanoid RobotAleksej Logacjov, Matthias Kerzel, Stefan WermterFrontiers · Universität Hamburg
  43. 2021
    Lifelong Personalization via Gaussian Process Modeling for Long-Term HRISamuel Spaulding, Jocelyn Shen, Hae Won Park, Cynthia BreazealFrontiers · Massachusetts Institute of Technology
  44. 2020
    Detecting Changes and Avoiding Catastrophic Forgetting in Dynamic Partially Observable EnvironmentsJeffery Dick, Paweł Ładosz, Eseoghene Ben-Iwhiwhu … Andrea SoltoggioFrontiers · Loughborough University · Teikyo University · +1
  45. 2020
    Exploring Neuromodulation for Dynamic LearningAnurag Daram, Ángel Yanguas-Gil, Dhireesha KudithipudiFrontiers · The University of Texas at San Antonio · Argonne National Laboratory
  46. 2020
    Emergence of Stable Synaptic Clusters on Dendrites Through Synaptic RewiringThomas Limbacher, Robert LegensteinFrontiers · Graz University of Technology
  47. 2020
  48. 2020
    Bio-Inspired Techniques in a Fully Digital Approach for Lifelong LearningS. Bianchi, Irene Muñoz-Martín, Daniele IelminiFrontiers · Politecnico di Milano
  49. 2020
    Self-Net: Lifelong Learning via Continual Self-ModelingJaya Krishna Mandivarapu, Blake Camp, Rolando EstradaFrontiers · Georgia State University
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  50. 2020PDF ↗
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. By default it shows the papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or written by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times. The rest are one click away under “All papers”. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.