Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1989 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

56 papers of 5,456 · showing 1–50Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    Multimodal Deepfake Detection with Quantum State Inspired Analytic Incremental Adaptability LearningJianbin Ye, Man Xiao, Bo Liu … Huaimin Wang2026 International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval · National University of Defense Technology
  2. 2026
    We Need a More Robust Classifier: Dual Causal Learning Empowers Domain-Incremental Time Series ClassificationZhipeng Liu, Peibo Duan, Xuan Tang … Binwu WangACM Web Conference 2026 · Northeastern University · Xi'an Jiaotong University · +2
    PDF ↗
  3. 2026
    KSS-MoE: Knowledge Space Synergy Framework in Mixture of Experts for Continual Visual Instruction TuningLingyun Song, Ziyao Chen, Kang Pan … Xuequn ShangAAAI · Northwestern Polytechnical University · San Francisco Bay University · +1
    PDF ↗
  4. 2026
    PAL: Prompting Analytic Learning with Missing Modality for Multi-Modal Class-Incremental LearningXianghu Yue, Yiming Chen, Xueyi Zhang … Haizhou LiPattern Recognition · Tianjin University · National University of Singapore · +4
    PDF ↗
  5. 2026
    Rep Deep & Machine Learning: Exemplar-Free Continual Video Action Recognition via Slow-Fast Collaborative LearningXueyi Zhang, Jianhua Zhang, Zheng Li … Huiping ZhuangAAAI · Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · +4
    PDF ↗
  6. 2026
    CEFCIL: Comprehensive Ensemble Framework for Exemplar-Free Class Incremental LearningWei Liu, Cheng Zhu, Fan Wu … Q. LiuBig Data Mining and Analytics · National University of Defense Technology · Central South University
  7. 2026
    Adaptive Affinity Memorization With Layer Mutation for Multimodal Deepfake Continual DetectionMan Xiao, Jianbin Ye, Bo Liu … Kele XuIEEE Transactions · National University of Defense Technology · Hunan Normal University · +1
  8. 2025
    Rethinking Obscured Sub-Optimality in Analytic Learning for Exemplar-Free Class-Incremental LearningZijian Gao, Kele Xu, Xingxing Zhang … Huaimin WangIEEE TCSVT · National University of Defense Technology · Tsinghua University · +1
  9. 2025
    CDFFCIL: Comprehensive Framework for Data-Free Federated Class-Incremental LearningWei Liu, Zhaoyun Ding, Lailong Luo … Cheng ZhuInternational Conference on Big Data and Information Anal… · National University of Defense Technology
  10. 2025
    Hyperbolic Prompt Learning for Incremental Event Detection with LLMsXiujin Zhang, Wenxin Jin, Haotian Hong … Li SunCIKM · North China Electric Power University · Anhui University of Science and Technology · +2
  11. 2025
    TMEA: Task-Modularized Evolutionary Aggregation for Federated Continual LearningPan Wang, Gao Mt, Quan Wen … Yaohong ZhangInternational Conference on Big Data and Information Anal… · National University of Defense Technology
  12. 2025
    Pursuing Better Representations: Balancing Discriminability and Transferability for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningQi Li, Wei Wang, Hui Fan … Fei WenJournal of Imaging · National University of Defense Technology · Central South University of Forestry and Technology · +2
  13. 2025
    Analytic Synaptic Dynamic Scaling Balancer for Multimodal Deepfake Continual DetectionMan Xiao, Jianbin Ye, Bo Liu … Xiaodong WangACM International Conference on Multimedia · National University of Defense Technology · Academy of Military Medical Sciences
  14. 2025
    Generalization-Preserved Learning: Closing the Backdoor to Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Deepfake DetectionXi Zhang, Peiyin Zhu, Chengwei Zhang … Yanming GuoICCV · National University of Defense Technology · National University of Singapore · +4
  15. 2025
    Enhancing long-term memory in federated class continual learning with lightweight adaptersPan Wang, Wang Ji, Zhengyi Zhong … Jianguo ChenNeurocomputing · National University of Defense Technology · Sun Yat-sen University
  16. 2025
    NI-SSCL: A Neuroplasticity-Inspired Method for Semisupervised Continual LearningGuanglei Xie, Yi Sun, Xin Xu … Xiaochang HuIEEE TCDS · National University of Defense Technology · PLA Academy of Military Science · +3
  17. 2025
    Model Rectification With Simultaneous Incremental Feature and Partial Label SetXijia Tang, Chao Xu, Chenping HouTPAMI · National University of Defense Technology
  18. 2025
    Max-Informative Unlabeled Sample Replay for Semi-Supervised Class-Incremental Learning in Audio ClassificationQiang Wang, Ao Shen, Dawei Feng … Huaimin WangIEEE International Conference on Joint Cloud Computing (JCC) · National University of Defense Technology
  19. 2025
    Continual Defense Against Evolving Jailbreaks: A Multi-Agent Adversarial Framework with Linear Gating MoEQianqiao Xu, Feng LiuInternational Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Big… · National University of Defense Technology
  20. 2025
    Knowledge Memorization and Rumination for Pre-trained Model-based Class-Incremental LearningZijian Gao, Wangwang Jia, Xingxing Zhang … Huaimin WangCVPR · National University of Defense Technology · Tsinghua University
  21. 2025
    Federated Class-Incremental Learning: A SurveyXuefeng Zhu, Liang Bai, Yirun RuanICML · National University of Defense Technology
  22. 2025
    SacFL: Self-Adaptive Federated Continual Learning for Resource-Constrained End DevicesZhengyi Zhong, Weidong Bao, Ji Wang … Wei Yang Bryan LimTNNLS · National University of Defense Technology · Sun Yat-sen University · +2
    PDF ↗
  23. 2025
    Memory replay with unlabeled data for semi-supervised class-incremental learning via temporal consistencyQiang Wang, Kele Xu, Dawei Feng … Huaimin WangFrontiers of Computer Science · National University of Defense Technology
  24. 2025
    Maintaining Fairness in Logit-based Knowledge Distillation for Class-Incremental LearningZijian Gao, Shanhao Han, Xingxing Zhang … Huaimin WangAAAI · National University of Defense Technology · Tsinghua University
    PDF ↗
  25. 2025
    Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning for Classification and Object Detection: A SurveyJinghua Zhang, Li Liu, Olli Sílven … Dewen HuTPAMI · National University of Defense Technology · University of Oulu
    PDF ↗
  26. 2025
    CMoA: Contrastive Mixture of Adapters for Generalized Few-Shot Continual LearningYawen Cui, Jian Zhao, Zitong Yu … Xuelong LiIEEE Trans. Multimedia · University of Oulu · China Telecom (China) · +6
  27. 2025
    Hippocampal-like Sequential Editing for Continual Knowledge Updates in Large Language ModelsQuntian Fang, Zhen Huang, Zhiliang Tian … Guotong GengNeurIPS · National University of Defense Technology · United States Department of Defense · +1
  28. 2025
    Contrastive Continual Multiview Clustering With Filtered Structural FusionXinhang Wan, Jiyuan Liu, Hao Yu … En ZhuTNNLS · National University of Defense Technology · Harbin University of Science and Technology
    PDF ↗
  29. 2024
    MMAL: Multi-Modal Analytic Learning for Exemplar-Free Audio-Visual Class Incremental TasksXianghu Yue, Xueyi Zhang, Yiming Chen … Haizhou LiACM International Conference on Multimedia · National University of Singapore · National University of Defense Technology · +5
  30. 2024
    Unleashing the Class-Incremental Learning Potential of Foundation Models by Virtual Feature Generation and ReplayTianci Xun, Zhong Zheng, Yulin He … Weiwei ZhengSpringer LNCS · National University of Defense Technology
  31. 2025
    StaRS: Learning a Stable Representation Space for Continual Relation ClassificationNing Pang, Xiang Zhao, Weixin Zeng … Weidong XiaoTNNLS · National University of Defense Technology
  32. 2024
    Less confidence, less forgetting: Learning with a humbler teacher in exemplar-free Class-Incremental learningZijian Gao, Kele Xu, Huiping Zhuang … Huaimin WangNeural Networks · National University of Defense Technology · South China University of Technology · +2
  33. 2024
    DRAM-like Architecture with Asynchronous Refreshing for Continual Relation ExtractionTianci Bu, Kang Ae Yang, Wenchuan Yang … Xin LüACM Web Conference 2024 · National University of Defense Technology · Renmin University of China
  34. 2023
    Rethinking Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning With Open-Set Hypothesis in Hyperbolic GeometryYawen Cui, Zitong Yu, Wei Peng … Li LiuIEEE Trans. Multimedia · University of Oulu · Great Bay University · +3
    PDF ↗
  35. 2023
    Slow-Fast Time Parameter Aggregation Network for Class-Incremental Lip ReadingXueyi Zhang, Chengwei Zhang, Tao Wang … Haizhou LiACM International Conference on Multimedia · National University of Defense Technology · Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data · +3
    PDF ↗
  36. 2023
    Adaptive Self-Supervised Continual LearningLilei Wu, Zhen Wang, Jie LiuFrontiers · National University of Defense Technology · Tsinghua University
    PDF ↗
  37. 2023
    Incremental Learning for Simultaneous Augmentation of Feature and ClassChenping Hou, Shilin Gu, Chao Xu, Yuhua QianTPAMI · National University of Defense Technology · Shanxi University
  38. 2023
    CCL: Continual Contrastive Learning for LiDAR Place RecognitionJiafeng Cui, Xieyuanli ChenRA-L · National University of Defense Technology
    PDF ↗
  39. 2024
    Uncertainty-Aware Distillation for Semi-Supervised Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningYawen Cui, Wanxia Deng, Haoyu Chen, Li LiuTNNLS · University of Oulu · National University of Defense Technology
    PDF ↗
  40. 2023
    Decoupled Two-Phase Framework for Class-Incremental Few-Shot Named Entity RecognitionYifan Chen, Zhen Huang, Minghao Hu … Xicheng LuTsinghua Science & Technology · National University of Defense Technology · PLA Academy of Military Science
  41. 2023
    Multi-granularity knowledge distillation and prototype consistency regularization for class-incremental learningYanyan Shi, Dianxi Shi, Dianxi Shi … Chunping QiuNeural Networks · National University of Defense Technology · National Defense University
  42. 2022
    ICFD: An Incremental Learning Method Based on Data Feature DistributionYunzhe Zhu, Yusong Tan, Xiaoling Li … Xueqin NingIEEE Smartworld, Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing,… · National University of Defense Technology
  43. 2022
    Similarity-Driven Adaptive Prototypical Network for Class-incremental Few-shot Named Entity RecognitionYifan Chen, Zhan Huang, Minghao Hu … Xicheng LuIEEE 34th International Conference on Tools with Artifici… · National University of Defense Technology · PLA Academy of Military Science
  44. 2022
    Uncertainty-Guided Semi-Supervised Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning With Knowledge DistillationYawen Cui, Wanxia Deng, Xin Xu … Li LiuIEEE Trans. Multimedia · University of Oulu · National University of Defense Technology
  45. 2022
    CLLE: A Benchmark for Continual Language Learning Evaluation in Multilingual Machine TranslationHan Zhang, Sheng Zhang, Yang Xiang … Ruifeng XuEMNLP · Harbin Institute of Technology · Peng Cheng Laboratory · +3
    PDF ↗
  46. 2021
    Semi-Supervised Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningYawen Cui, Wuti Xiong, Mohammad Tavakolian, Li LiuICIP · University of Oulu · National University of Defense Technology
  47. 2021
    A Fixed Version of Quadratic Program in Gradient Episodic MemoryWei Zhou, Yiying LiarXiv · National University of Defense Technology
    PDF ↗
  48. 2021
    NH-CIL: A Nested Hierarchy Algorithm for Class Incremental LearningMing-Yu Liu, Yijie WangIEEE 24th International Conference on Computer Supported… · National University of Defense Technology
  49. 2020
    On the Exploration of Incremental Learning for Fine-grained Image RetrievalWei Chen, Yu Liu, Weiping Wang … Michael S. LewBMVC · Leiden University · KU Leuven · +1
    PDF ↗
  50. 2019
    DCIGAN: A Distributed Class-Incremental Learning Method Based on Generative Adversarial NetworksHongtao Guan, Yijie Wang, Xingkong Ma, Yongmou LiIEEE Intl Conf on Parallel & Distributed Processing w… · National University of Defense Technology
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It lists only papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or written by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times. Preprints that later get accepted, and authors who later publish at those venues, are picked up by the weekly run. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.