Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

74 papers of 8,653 · showing 1–50Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    Incremental learning for audio classification with Hebbian Deep Neural NetworksRiccardo Casciotti, Francesco De Santis, Alberto Antonietti, Annamaria MesarosICASSP · Tampere University · Politecnico di Milano
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  2. 2026
    AdaEvol: Dynamic Adapter Merging for Effective Continual Learning and Knowledge Transfer in Large Language ModelsR X Liu, Min Yu, Jianguo Jiang … Ming LiuICASSP · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Information Engineering · +2
  3. 2026
    Alleviating Forgetting in Class-Incremental Learning Via Implicit Semantic AugmentationTao Yu, Yan Chen, Xinyu Liu … Liang DuICASSP · Shanxi University · Taiyuan University of Science and Technology · +2
  4. 2026
    CEAL: Cross-Expert Attention with Curated Peer Selection for Scalable and Privacy-Preserving Exemplar-Free Continual LearningSeongsu Kim, Dongheon Lee, Sangwoo Yun … Joonki PaikICASSP · Chung-Ang University
  5. 2026
    Continual Learning with Clip Text-Prototype and an Orthogonal Pre-Expanded Classification HeadTong Yu, Kanghao Chen, Jiantao Tan … Ruixuan WangICASSP · Sun Yat-sen University · Guangzhou University · +1
  6. 2026
    Cross Task Knowledge Transfer for Rehearsal-Free Continual LearningShuai Chen, Leike An, Jiaxi Wang … Jibin WangICASSP · China Mobile (China) · Beijing Institute of Technology
  7. 2026
    From Cold-Start to Stabilization: A Dual-Prototype Framework for Online Any-Shot Continual LearningChengyan Liu, Linglan Zhao, Juping Gu … Fan LyuICASSP · Suzhou University of Science and Technology · Shanghai Jiao Tong University
  8. 2026
    LDEPrompt: Layer-importance guided Dual Expandable Prompt Pool for Pre-trained Model-based Class-Incremental LearningLinjie Li, Zhenyu Wu, Huiyu Xiao, Jie YangICASSP · Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
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  9. 2026
    Rehearsing High Confident Samples via Masked Optimal Transportation for Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Named Entity RecognitionZhiyuan Ma, Miaomiao Gu, Jialin Cao … Dan LiuICASSP · Machine Intelligence Research Institute
  10. 2026
    Revisiting Prototypes for Open-Domain Continual Learning in Vision-Language ModelsYadong Lu, Shitian Zhao, Boxiang Yun … Yue WangICASSP · East China Normal University
  11. 2026
    Sard: Similarity-Aligned Reminiscence and Distillation for Exemplar-Free Class-Incremental LearningSeongsu Kim, In-Soo Kim, Sangwoo Yun … Joonki PaikICASSP · Chung-Ang University
  12. 2026
    SCI-GR: Sequential Controllable Inpainting-Based Generative Replay For Class-Incremental Object DetectionNuohan Xue, Caixia Yan, Yi-Xiang Wang … Yudeng XinICASSP · Xi'an Jiaotong University · The University of Melbourne
  13. 2026
    The Stability-Plasticity Dilemma Revisited: A Brain-Inspired Continual Learning Method with Representation-Function SeparationYuyang Han, Li Z, Zhiying Long, Xia WuICASSP · Beijing Normal University · Beijing Institute of Technology · +2
  14. 2025
    Analyzing and Reducing Catastrophic Forgetting in Parameter Efficient TuningX.R. Li, Weijieying Ren, Wei Qin … Richang HongICASSP · Pennsylvania State University · Hefei University of Technology · +1
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  15. 2025
    Dynamic Object Queries for Transformer-based Incremental Object DetectionJichuan Zhang, Wei Li, Shuang Cheng … Shengjin WangICASSP · Tsinghua University · Chinese Academy of Sciences
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  16. 2025
    Freeze and Learn: Continual Learning with Selective Freezing for Speech Deepfake DetectionDavide Salvi, Viola Negroni, Luca Bondi … Stefano TubaroICASSP · Politecnico di Milano · Robert Bosch (United States)
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  17. 2025
    IOR: Inversed Objects Replay for Incremental Object DetectionZijia An, Boyu Diao, Libo Huang … Yongjun XuICASSP · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Computing Technology
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  18. 2025
    Multi-Prototype Grouping for Continual Learning in Visual Question AnsweringLicheng Zhang, Zhendong Mao, Yixing Peng … Yongdong ZhangICASSP · University of Science and Technology of China
  19. 2025
    UIDAPLE: Unsupervised Incremental Domain Adaptation through Adaptive Prompt LearningSamrat Kumar Mukherjee, Tanuj Sur, Saurish Seksaria … Biplab BanerjeeICASSP · Indian Institute of Technology Bombay · Chennai Mathematical Institute · +1
  20. 2025
    A Continual Learning Approach for Embodied Question Answering with Generative Adversarial Imitation LearningXin Zeng, Haonan Luo, Zihang Wang … Tianrui LiICASSP · Southwest Jiaotong University · Beihang University
  21. 2025
    Controllable Forgetting Mechanism for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningKirill Paramonov, Mete Özay, Eunju Yang … Umberto MichieliICASSP · Samsung (United Kingdom) · Samsung (South Korea)
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  22. 2025
    Leveraging Pre-Trained Models for Multimodal Class-Incremental Learning under Adaptive FusionYukun Chen, Zihuan Qiu, Fanman Meng … Qingbo WuICASSP · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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  23. 2025
    A New Model for Prototype-based Continual Learning in Hyperspherical SpaceYixin Ren, Yewei Xia, Ke Li … Shuigeng ZhouICASSP · Fudan University · Alibaba Group (China)
  24. 2025
    Efficient Prototypical Classifier for Class-Incremental LearningWei Zhang, Jingyang Qiao, Yuan Xie … Xin TanICASSP · East China Normal University
  25. 2025
  26. 2025
    Prototype Alignment with LoRA Fusion for Class-Incremental LearningWei Zhang, Yuan Xie, Zhizhong Zhang, Xin TanICASSP · East China Normal University
  27. 2025
    Enhancing Data-Free Class-Incremental Learning via Image-Centric Dual DistillationFeifei Fu, Zhiwu LuICASSP · Renmin University of China
  28. 2025
    kNN-CL: Enhancing Continual Learning with Nearest Neighbor RetrievalEnzhi Wang, Qicheng Li, Hao Chen … Xin ZhouICASSP · Nankai University · Intel (United States) · +1
  29. 2025
    Towards Differential Optimization: Rehearsal-Free Class-Incremental Learning with Slow Learners and Fast AdaptersYinghong Chen, Huanjia Zhu, Jiali Cai … Bingzhi ChenICASSP · South China Normal University
  30. 2025
    ValSub: Subsampling Validation Data to Mitigate Forgetting during ASR PersonalizationHaaris Mehmood, Karthikeyan Saravanan, Pablo Peso Parada … Seokyeong JungICASSP · Samsung (United Kingdom) · Samsung (South Korea)
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  31. 2025
    ViCo: A Multitask Video-enhanced and Cognition-preserving Modality Alignment Training FrameworkZhiyi Yu, Jin Chen, Jiayu Shen … Yanmei KangICASSP · Telenor (Norway) · China Central Television · +2
  32. 2025PDF ↗
  33. 2024
    ECIL-MU: Embedding Based Class Incremental Learning and Machine UnlearningZhiwei Zuo, Zhuo Tang, Bin Wang … Anwitaman DattaICASSP · Hunan University · Nanyang Technological University
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  34. 2024
    Improving Continual Learning of Acoustic Scene Classification via Mutual Information OptimizationMuqiao Yang, Umberto Cappellazzo, Xiang Li, Bhiksha RajICASSP · Carnegie Mellon University · University of Trento
  35. 2024
    Class-Wise Buffer Management for Incremental Object Detection: An Effective Buffer Training StrategyJunsu Kim, Sumin Hong, Chanwoo Kim … Seungryul BaekICASSP · Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology · Seoul National University of Science and Technology · +3
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  36. 2024
    INCPrompt: Task-Aware Incremental Prompting for Rehearsal-Free Class-Incremental LearningZhiyuan Wang, Xiaoyang Qu, Jing Xiao … Jianzong WangICASSP · Tsinghua–Berkeley Shenzhen Institute · Shenzhen Technology University · +3
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  37. 2024
    Dynamic Replay Training for Class-Incremental LearningYan Yang, Dongdong Ren, Chenglei Peng … Yang GaoICASSP · Nanjing University · Nanjing University of Science and Technology
  38. 2024
    KC-Prompt: End-To-End Knowledge-Complementary Prompting for Rehearsal-Free Continual LearningYaowei Li, Yating Liu, Xuxin Cheng … Zhiqi HuangICASSP · Peking University · Peng Cheng Laboratory · +2
  39. 2024
    Multi-Modal Continual Pre-Training For Audio EncodersGyuhak Kim, Ho-Hsiang Wu, Luca Bondi, Bing LiuICASSP · University of Illinois Chicago · Robert Bosch (United States)
  40. 2024
    P2DT: Mitigating Forgetting in Task-Incremental Learning with Progressive Prompt Decision TransformerZhiyuan Wang, Xiaoyang Qu, Jing Xiao … Jianzong WangICASSP · Tsinghua–Berkeley Shenzhen Institute · Shenzhen Technology University · +3
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  41. 2024
    Autonomous Generative Feature Replay for Non-Exemplar Class-Incremental LearningYinjie Zhang, Ming Shao, Wenlong Shi … Siyu XiaICASSP · University of Massachusetts Dartmouth · Southeast University
  42. 2024
    ESA: Expert-and-Samples-Aware Incremental Learning Under Longtail DistributionJie Mei, Jenq–Neng HwangICASSP · University of Washington
  43. 2024
    Exploring Soft Prompt Initialization Strategy for Few-Shot Continual Text ClassificationZhehao Zhang, Tong Yu, Handong Zhao … Shuai LiICASSP · Dartmouth College · Dartmouth Hospital · +6
  44. 2024
    Generalizable Two-Branch Framework for Image Class-Incremental LearningChao Wu, Xiaobin Chang, Ruixuan WangICASSP · Sun Yat-sen University
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  45. 2024
    Learning a Low-Rank Feature Representation: Achieving Better Trade-Off Between Stability and Plasticity in Continual LearningZhenrong Liu, Yang Li, Yi Gong, Yik‐Chung WuICASSP · Southern University of Science and Technology · University of Hong Kong · +1
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  46. 2024
    Task-Wise Prompt Query Function for Rehearsal-Free Continual LearningShuai Chen, Mingyi Zhang, Junge Zhang, Kaiqi HuangICASSP · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Automation · +2
  47. 2024
    Unsupervised Continual Learning of Image Representation Via Rememory-Based SimsiamFeifei Fu, Yizhao Gao, Zhiwu Lu … Shiqi ZhaoICASSP · Renmin University of China · China United Network Communications Group (China)
  48. 2024
    FusDom: Combining in-Domain and Out-of-Domain Knowledge for Continuous Self-Supervised LearningAshish Seth, Sreyan Ghosh, S. Umesh, Dinesh ManochaICASSP · Indian Institute of Technology Madras · University of Maryland, College Park
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  49. 2024
    Continual Learning with Class-Level Minimally Interfered UpdateGuanglu Wang, Xianchao Zhang, Han Liu … Linlin ZongICASSP · Dalian University of Technology
  50. 2023PDF ↗
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. By default it shows the papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or written by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times. The rest are one click away under “All papers”. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.