Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

79 papers of 8,653 · showing 1–50Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    TriP: A triple-prompt framework aligning pre-training and class-incremental objectives in continual graph learning.Can-Ming Cui, Hui-yu Zhou, Pei-Yuan Lai, Chang‐Dong WangNeural Networks · Sun Yat-sen University · Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Health and Family Planning · +1
  2. 2026
    ASMem: Anchor sparse memory for multi-domain knowledge editing of large language modelsGuanyu Zheng, Zhenyu Wang, Yang Zhao … Chengqing ZongNeural Networks · South China University of Technology · Shandong Institute of Automation · +3
  3. 2026
    Randomized neural network with adaptive forward regularization for online task-free class incremental learningJunda Wang, Minghui Hu, Ning Li … Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam SuganthanNeural Networks · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Nanyang Technological University · +1
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  4. 2026
    Learning forward-compatible and domain-invariant representations for cross-domain few-shot class-incremental learningWeidong Shi, Xudong Yan, Jiazheng Yuan … Songhe FengNeural Networks · Beijing Jiaotong University · Beijing Normal University · +3
  5. 2026
    Towards continual low-light image enhancement through causal inferenceFan Ji, Hao Li, Jiangmeng Li … Fanjiang XuNeural Networks · Institute of Software · Aerospace Information Research Institute · +1
  6. 2026
    A continual learning framework with long-term and multiple short-term memory networksShangge Liu, Lei Wang, Rui Yan … Yang GaoNeural Networks · Nanjing Tech University · University of Wollongong · +2
  7. 2026
    Dual-modality adaptation in vision-language models for continual learningJiahao Zeng, Wentao Zhang, Kanghao Chen … Ruixuan WangNeural Networks · Sun Yat-sen University · GCI Science & Technology (China) · +1
  8. 2026
    Dual prototypes for adaptive pre-trained model in class-incremental learningZhiming Xu, Zhiming Xu, Suorong Yang … Jian ZhaoNeural Networks · Nanjing University · Nanjing University of Science and Technology
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  9. 2026
    Continual learning: A systematic literature reviewQinwen Yang, Liyuan Wang, Joerg Wicker, Gillian DobbieNeural Networks · University of Auckland · Tsinghua University · +1
  10. 2026
    Rethinking softmax in incremental learningZheng Zhai, Jiali Zhang, Haiyu Wang … Qiang SunNeural Networks · Beijing Normal-Hong Kong Baptist University · Beijing Normal University · +4
  11. 2026
    C3GAN: A brain-inspired memory consolidation for class-incremental learningLin Xiong, Tao Wang, Fuqing Zhang … Hailing XiongNeural Networks · Southwest University · Chongqing Jiaotong University · +2
  12. 2025
    Context selectivity with dynamic availability enables lifelong continual learningMartin Barry, Wulfram Gerstner, Guillaume BellecNeural Networks · École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
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  13. 2025
    PKI: Prior knowledge-infused neural network for few-shot class-incremental learningKexin Bao, Fanzhao Lin, Zichen Wang … Shiming GeNeural Networks · Institute of Information Engineering · NARI Group (China) · +2
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  14. 2025
    Multiple semantic prompt for rehearsal-free continual learningJunwei Chen, Zhenyu Zhang, Depeng Li, Zhigang ZengNeural Networks · Huazhong University of Science and Technology
  15. 2025
    Similarity-based prototype reconstruction and feature reorganization for non-exemplar class incremental learningChao Zhou, Jun Sun, Vasile Palade, Xiao‐Jun WuNeural Networks · Jiangnan University · Coventry University
  16. 2025
    Prototypes as Anchors: Tackling Unseen Noise for online continual learningShao-Yuan Li, Yu-Xiang Zheng, Sheng-Jun Huang … Kangkan WangNeural Networks · Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics · Nanjing University of Science and Technology
  17. 2025
    Flashbacks to Harmonize Stability and Plasticity in Continual LearningLeila Mahmoodi, Peyman Moghadam, Munawar Hayat … Mehrtash HarandiNeural Networks · Monash University · Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation · +3
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  18. 2025
    Neuromimetic metaplasticity for adaptive continual learning without catastrophic forgettingSuhee Cho, Hyeonsu Lee, Seungdae Baek, Se‐Bum PaikNeural Networks · Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology · Korea Institute of Brain Science
  19. 2025
    Supervised contrastive learning with prototype distillation for data incremental learningSuorong Yang, Tianyue Zhang, Zhiming Xu … Jian ZhaoNeural Networks · Nanjing University of Science and Technology · Nanjing University
  20. 2025
    Prompt-Enhanced: Leveraging language representation for prompt continual learning.Wei Li, D. M. Li, Shitong Shao … Zhen LeiNeural Networks · Southeast University · Duke Kunshan University · +2
  21. 2025
    A prompt regularization approach to enhance few-shot class-incremental learning with Two-Stage ClassifierMeilan Hao, Yizhan Gu, Kejian Dong … Xin NingNeural Networks · Institute of Semiconductors · Hebei University of Engineering · +1
  22. 2025
    Using samples with label noise for robust continual learningHongyi Nie, Shiqi Fan, Yang Liu … Zhen WangNeural Networks · Northwestern Polytechnical University · Tsinghua University
  23. 2025
    L3Net: Localized and Layered Reparameterization for incremental learningXuandi Luo, Huaidong Zhang, Huaidong Zhang … Shengfeng HeNeural Networks · South China University of Technology · Singapore Management University
  24. 2026
    Generative Binary Memory: Pseudo-Replay Class-Incremental Learning on Binarized EmbeddingsYanis Basso-Bert, Anca Molnos, Romain Lemaire … Antoine DupretNeural Networks
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  25. 2025
    DuPt: Rehearsal-based continual learning with dual promptsShengqin Jiang, Daolong Zhang, Fengna Cheng … Qingshan LiuNeural Networks · Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology · Nanjing Forestry University · +2
  26. 2025
    PVBF: A Framework for Mitigating Parameter Variation Imbalance in Online Continual LearningTao, Zelin, Hao Deng, Mingqing Liu … Shengjie ZhaoNeural Networks
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  27. 2025
    Continual learning with Bayesian compression for shared and private latent representationsYang Yang, Dandan Guo, Bo Chen, Dexiu HuNeural Networks · Jilin University · Xidian University · +1
  28. 2025
    Exploring continual learning strategies in artificial neural networks through graph-based analysis of connectivity: Insights from a brain-inspired perspectiveLucrezia Carboni, Dwight Nwaigwe, Marion Mainsant … Sophie AchardNeural Networks · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Inserm · +10
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  29. 2025
    Enhancing Consistency and Mitigating Bias: A Data Replay Approach for Incremental LearningChenyang Wang, Junjun Jiang, Xingyu Hu … Xiangyang JiNeural Networks · Harbin Institute of Technology · Tsinghua University
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  30. 2025
    Similarity-based context aware continual learning for spiking neural networksBing Han, Feifei Zhao, Yang Li … Yi ZengNeural Networks · Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology · Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence · +3
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  31. 2025
    Continual Learning in the Presence of RepetitionHamed Hemati, Lorenzo Pellegrini, X.W. Duan … Gido M. van de VenNeural Networks · University of St.Gallen · University of Applied Sciences St. Gallen · +10
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  32. 2025PDF ↗
  33. 2025
    Continual Learning of Conjugated Visual Representations through Higher-order Motion FlowsSimone Marullo, Matteo Tiezzi, Marco Gori, Stefano MelacciNeural Networks
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  34. 2024
    A class-incremental learning approach for learning feature-compatible embeddingsHongchao An, Jing Yang, Xiuhua Zhang … Jianjun HuNeural Networks · Guizhou University · Guizhou Minzu University · +3
  35. 2024
    Less confidence, less forgetting: Learning with a humbler teacher in exemplar-free Class-Incremental learningZijian Gao, Kele Xu, Huiping Zhuang … Huaimin WangNeural Networks · National University of Defense Technology · South China University of Technology · +2
  36. 2024
    CeCR: Cross-entropy contrastive replay for online class-incremental continual learningGuanglu Sun, Baolun Ji, Lili Liang, Ming‐Hui ChenNeural Networks · Harbin University of Science and Technology
  37. 2025
    HyperMask: Adaptive Hypernetwork-based Masks for Continual LearningKamil Książek, Przemysław SpurekNeural Networks
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  38. 2023
    Subspace Distillation for Continual LearningKaushik Roy, Christian Simon, Peyman Moghadam, Mehrtash HarandiNeural Networks
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  39. 2023
    Dual memory model for experience-once task-incremental lifelong learningGehua Ma, Runhao Jiang, Lang Wang, Huajin TangNeural Networks · Zhejiang University of Science and Technology · Zhejiang University · +1
  40. 2023
    Mitigate forgetting in few-shot class-incremental learning using different image viewsPratik Mazumder, Pravendra SinghNeural Networks · Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur · Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
  41. 2023
    VLAD: Task-agnostic VAE-based lifelong anomaly detectionKamil Faber, Roberto Corizzo, Bartłomiej Śnieżyński, Nathalie JapkowiczNeural Networks · Institute of Computer Science · AGH University of Krakow · +1
  42. 2023
    Multi-granularity knowledge distillation and prototype consistency regularization for class-incremental learningYanyan Shi, Dianxi Shi, Dianxi Shi … Chunping QiuNeural Networks · National University of Defense Technology · National Defense University
  43. 2023
    Lifelong learning on evolving graphs under the constraints of imbalanced classes and new classesLukas Galke, Iacopo Vagliano, Benedikt Franke … Ansgar ScherpNeural Networks · Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics · Amsterdam University Medical Centers · +3
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  44. 2023
    Growing dendrites enhance a neuron's computational power and memory capacityWilliam B. Levy, Robert A. BaxterNeural Networks · University of Virginia · Baxter (United States)
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  45. 2023
    Imitating the oracle: Towards calibrated model for class incremental learningFei Zhu, Zhen Cheng, Xu-Yao Zhang, Cheng‐Lin LiuNeural Networks · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Shandong Institute of Automation · +3
  46. 2024
    A Survey on Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningSongsong Tian, Lusi Li, Weijun Li … Prayag TiwariNeural Networks
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  47. 2023
    Online continual learning with declarative memoryZhe Xiao, Zhekai Du, Ruijin Wang … Jingjing LiNeural Networks · China Electronics Technology Group Corporation · Hebei Science and Technology Department · +1
  48. 2023
    Emphasizing Unseen Words: New Vocabulary Acquisition for End-to-End Speech RecognitionLeyuan Qu, Cornelius Weber, Stefan WermterNeural Networks · Universität Hamburg · Zhejiang Lab · +2
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  49. 2023
    Improving transparency and representational generalizability through parallel continual learningM Paknezhad, Hamsawardhini Rengarajan, Chenghao Yuan … Hwee Kuan LeeNeural Networks · Agency for Science, Technology and Research · Bioinformatics Institute · +2
  50. 2023
    SuperFormer: Continual learning superposition method for text classificationMarko Zeman, Jana Faganeli Pucer, Igor Kononenko, Zoran BosnićNeural Networks · University of Ljubljana
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About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. By default it shows the papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or written by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times. The rest are one click away under “All papers”. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.