Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

112 papers of 8,653 · showing 1–50Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    Self-adaptive Low-Rank Adaptation for Class-Incremental LearningYiming Song, Qiqi Duan, Lijun Sun … Yuhui ShiSpringer LNCS · Southern University of Science and Technology · Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics · +3
  2. 2026
    Dynamic Elastic Weight Consolidation for Continual Learning in Spiking Neural NetworksJunxiu Liu, Puyang Li, Qiang Fu … Xue OuyangSpringer LNCS · Guangxi Normal University
  3. 2026
    MECAD: A Multi-expert Architecture for Continual Anomaly DetectionMalihe Dahmardeh, Francesco SettiSpringer LNCS · University of Verona
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  4. 2026
    Enhancing Replay-Based Continual Learning via Predictive Uncertainty ControllerChengying Ding, Alex Lu, Jiahao Fan, Yanan SunSpringer LNCS · Sichuan University
  5. 2025
    Continual Learning for Multilingual Neural Machine Translation via Meta-Contrastive Memory ReplayLin Zhou, Degen Huang, Junpeng Liu … Kaiyu HuangSpringer LNCS · Dalian University of Technology · Université de Montréal · +1
  6. 2025
  7. 2025
    Knowledge Distillation of Class Activation Maps from Two Teachers for Continual LearningMinkai Sheng, Hyung-Jun Moon, Sung‐Bae ChoSpringer LNCS · Yonsei University
  8. 2025
    PromptDSI: Prompt-Based Rehearsal-Free Continual Learning for Document RetrievalTuan-Luc Huynh, Thuy-Trang Vu, Weiqing Wang … Thanh-Toan DoSpringer LNCS · Monash University
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  9. 2025
    Brain Generative Replay for Continual LearningJian‐Guo Zhou, Dongjun Liu, Wanzeng KongSpringer LNCS · Zhejiang Lab · Hangzhou Dianzi University
  10. 2025
    Plant in Cupboard, Orange on Rably, Inat Aphone. Benchmarking Incremental Learning of Situation and Language Model using a Text-Simulated Situated EnvironmentJonathan Jordan, Sherzod Hakimov, David SchlangenSpringer LNCS · University of Potsdam · German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence
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  11. 2025
    Modelleyen: Continual Learning and Planning via Structured Modelling of Environment DynamicsZeki Doruk Erden, Boi FaltingsSpringer LNCS · École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
  12. 2025
    Flat Local Minima for Continual Learning on Semantic SegmentationZhongzhan Huang, Mingfu Liang, Senwei Liang, Shanshan ZhongSpringer LNCS · Sun Yat-sen University · Northwestern University · +1
  13. 2025
    A Novel Class Incremental Learning Method via Multi-granularity Balance Inspired by Human Granular Cognition MechanismYan Xian, Hong Yu, Ye Wang, Guoyin WangSpringer LNCS · Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications · Chongqing University · +1
  14. 2025
    Incremental and Decremental Continual Learning for Privacy-Preserving Video RecognitionLorenzo Caselli, Simone Magistri, Tommaso Bianconcini … Andrew D. BagdanovSpringer LNCS · University of Florence · Serviço Nacional de Aprendizagem Industrial
  15. 2025
    PARMESAN: Parameter-Free Memory Search and Transduction for Dense Prediction TasksPhilip Matthias Winter, M Wimmer, Astrid Berg … Katja BühlerSpringer LNCS · VRVis GmbH (Austria)
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  16. 2025
    A System 1 and System 2 Perspective on Continual Learning for Practical ImplementationVivek Chavan, Oliver Heimann, Jörg KrügerSpringer LNCS · Fraunhofer Institute for Production Systems and Design Technology · Technische Universität Berlin
  17. 2025
    Fine-Grained Transformer Encoder of Image-Text Retrieval for Streaming Data in Cross-Modal Continual LearningHanlin Li, Jiaqiyu Zhan, Yuesheng Zhu, Guibo LuoSpringer LNCS · Peking University Shenzhen Hospital
  18. 2024
    Breaking Information Silos: Global Guided Task Prediction for Class-Incremental LearningChaoshun Hu, Biaohua Ye, Zixuan Chen, Jianhuang LaiSpringer LNCS · Sun Yat-sen University · Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China · +1
  19. 2024
    Text-Driven Prototype Learning for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningSeongbeom Park, Seongbeom Park, Haeji Jung … Seunghyun ParkSpringer LNCS · Korea University · NAVER Cloud (South Korea) · +2
  20. 2024
    Faster Convergence and Uncorrelated Gradients in Self-Supervised Online Continual LearningKoyo Imai, N. Hayashi, Tsubasa Hirakawa … Hironobu FujiyoshiSpringer LNCS · Chubu University
  21. 2024
    Recall-Based Knowledge Distillation for Data Distribution Based Catastrophic Forgetting in Semantic SegmentationSamiha Mirza, Apurva Gala, Pandu Devarakota … Shishir K. ShahSpringer LNCS · University of Houston · Shell (United States)
  22. 2024
    Active Continual Learning: On Balancing Knowledge Retention and LearnabilityThuy-Trang Vu, Shahram Khadivi, Mahsa Ghorbanali … Gholamreza HaffariSpringer LNCS · Kleinwächter (Germany) · Monash University
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  23. 2024
    Natural Language Integration for Multimodal Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning: Image Classification ProblemPitchayagan Temniranrat, Natsuda Kaothanthong, Sanparith MarukatatSpringer LNCS · Thammasat University · National Electronics and Computer Technology Center
  24. 2024
    DB-FSCIL: Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning Using Dual BridgesKexin Bao, Fanzhao Lin, Ruyue Liu, Shiming GeSpringer LNCS · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Information Engineering · +2
  25. 2024
    Towards Adversarial-Robust Class-Incremental Learning via Progressively Volume-Up Perturbation GenerationY. Nancy You, Bin Chen, Jia-Li Yin … Wei LinSpringer LNCS · Fuzhou University · Fujian University of Technology
  26. 2024
    Adapt and Refine: A Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learner via Pre-Trained ModelsSunyuan Qiang, Xiong Zhu, Yanyan Liang … Du ZhangSpringer LNCS · Macau University of Science and Technology · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +2
  27. 2024
    Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning via Cross-Modal Alignment with Feature ReplayYanan Li, Linpu He, Feng Lin, Donghui WangSpringer LNCS · Zhejiang University of Science and Technology · Zhejiang Lab
  28. 2024
    Adaptive Decoupled Prompting for Class Incremental LearningFanhao Zhang, Shiye Wang, Changsheng Li … Guoren WangSpringer LNCS · Beijing Institute of Technology
  29. 2024
    Adaptive Knowledge Matching for Exemplar-Free Class-Incremental LearningRunhang Chen, Xiao‐Yuan Jing, Haowen ChenSpringer LNCS · Wuhan University · Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology · +1
  30. 2024
    Unleashing the Class-Incremental Learning Potential of Foundation Models by Virtual Feature Generation and ReplayTianci Xun, Zhong Zheng, Yulin He … Weiwei ZhengSpringer LNCS · National University of Defense Technology
  31. 2024
    Differentiable Prototypes with Distributed Memory Network for Continual LearningMin-Seo Kwak, Hyung-Jun Moon, Sung‐Bae ChoSpringer LNCS · Yonsei University
  32. 2024
    AdaHAT: Adaptive Hard Attention to the Task in Task-Incremental LearningPengxiang Wang, Hongbo Bo, Jun Hong … Kedian MuSpringer LNCS · Peking University · University of Bristol · +2
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  33. 2024
  34. 2024
    Developmental Predictive Coding Model for Early Infancy Mono and Bilingual Vocal Continual LearningXiaodan Chen, Alexandre Pitti, Mathias Quoy, Nancy F. ChenSpringer LNCS · Agency for Science, Technology and Research · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · +7
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  35. 2024
    An Energy Sampling Replay-Based Continual Learning FrameworkZhang Xing-zhong, Joon Huang Chuah, Chu Kiong Loo, Stefan WermterSpringer LNCS · University of Malaya · Southern University College · +1
  36. 2024
    Class Incremental Learning for Character String RecognitionYijie Hu, Yan‐Ming Zhang, Kaizhu Huang, Qiufeng WangSpringer LNCS · Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +2
  37. 2024
    Disentangled Representations for Continual Learning: Overcoming Forgetting and Facilitating Knowledge TransferZhaopeng Xu, Qi Qin, Bing Liu, Dongyan ZhaoSpringer LNCS · Peking University · University of Illinois Chicago · +1
  38. 2024
    Dynamic Task Subspace Ensemble for Class-Incremental LearningWeile Zhang, Yuanjian He, Yulai CongSpringer LNCS · Sun Yat-sen University
  39. 2024
    FRMM: Feature Reprojection for Exemplar-Free Class-Incremental LearningHao Wang, Jing ChenSpringer LNCS · Jiangnan University
  40. 2024
    Isolation and Integration: A Strong Pre-trained Model-Based Paradigm for Class-Incremental LearningWei Zhang, Yuan Xie, Zhizhong Zhang, Xin TanSpringer LNCS · East China Normal University
  41. 2024
    Self-supervised Contrastive Feature Refinement for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningShengjin Ma, Wang Yuan, Yiting Wang … Lizhuang MaSpringer LNCS · East China Normal University · Shanghai Jiao Tong University
  42. 2023
    Grassmann Graph Embedding for Few-Shot Class Incremental LearningZiqi Gu, Chunyan Xu, Zhen CuiSpringer LNCS · Nanjing University of Science and Technology
  43. 2023
    An ANN-Guided Approach to Task-Free Continual Learning with Spiking Neural NetworksJ. S. Zhang, Wentao Fan, Xin LiuSpringer LNCS · Huaqiao University · Beijing Normal-Hong Kong Baptist University · +2
  44. 2023
    Avoiding Forgetting and Allowing Forward Transfer in Continual Learning via Sparse NetworksGhada Sokar, Decebal Constantin Mocanu, Mykola PechenizkiySpringer LNCS · Eindhoven University of Technology · University of Twente
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  45. 2023
    Replay to Remember: Continual Layer-Specific Fine-tuning for German Speech RecognitionTheresa Pekarek Rosin, Stefan WermterSpringer LNCS · Universität Hamburg · Hamburg University of Technology
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  46. 2023
    Generalising via Meta-Examples for Continual Learning in the WildAlessia Bertugli, Stefano Vincenzi, Simone Calderara, Andrea PasseriniSpringer LNCS · University of Trento · University of Modena and Reggio Emilia
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  47. 2023
    Recent Advances in Class-Incremental LearningDejie Yang, Minghang Zheng, Weishuai Wang … Yang LiuSpringer LNCS · Peking University
  48. 2020
    Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting via Direction-Constrained OptimizationYunfei Teng, Anna Choromanska, Murray Campbell … Lior HoreshSpringer LNCS · New York University
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  49. 2023
    Class Incremental Learning with Important and Diverse MemoryLi Mei, Zeyu Yan, Changsheng LiSpringer LNCS · Beijing Institute of Technology
  50. 2023
    Employing Convolutional Neural Networks for Continual LearningMarcin Jasiński, Michał WoźniakSpringer LNCS · Wrocław University of Science and Technology · AGH University of Krakow
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. By default it shows the papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or written by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times. The rest are one click away under “All papers”. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.