Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

311 papers of 8,653 · showing 1–50Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2025
    Nested Learning: The Illusion of Deep Learning ArchitecturesAli Behrouz, Meisam Razaviyayn, Peilin Zhong, Vahab MirrokniNeurIPS
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  2. 2025
    The World Is Bigger! A Computationally-Embedded Perspective on the Big World HypothesisAlex Lewandowski, Adtiya A. Ramesh, Edan Meyer … Marlos C. MachadoNeurIPS
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  5. 2025
    Memory-Integrated Reconfigurable Adapters: A Unified Framework for Settings with Multiple TasksSusmit Agrawal, K. Kher, Saksham Mittal … Vineeth N. BalasubramanianNeurIPS
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  6. 2025PDF ↗
  7. 2025
    Compact Memory for Continual Logistic RegressionYohan Jung, Hyungi Lee, Wenlong Chen … Mohammad Emtiyaz KhanNeurIPS
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  10. 2025
    Buffer layers for Test-Time AdaptationHyeongyu Kim, G. Han, Dosik HwangNeurIPS
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  12. 2025
    C-NAV: Towards Self-Evolving Continual Object Navigation in Open WorldMingming Yu, Fei Zhu, Wenzhuo Liu … Jing LiuNeurIPS
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  13. 2025PDF ↗
  14. 2025
    Continual Knowledge Adaptation for Reinforcement LearningJinwu Hu, Zihao Lian, Z. Wen … Mingkui TanNeurIPS
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  15. 2025
    Are Greedy Task Orderings Better Than Random in Continual Linear Regression?Matan Tsipory, Ran Levinstein, Itay Evron … Daniel SoudryNeurIPS
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  16. 2025
    CaMiT: A Time-Aware Car Model Dataset for Classification and GenerationFrédéric Lin, B. Ambaw, A. Popescu … Hervé Le BorgneNeurIPS
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  17. 2025
    Class-aware Domain Knowledge Fusion and Fission for Continual Test-Time AdaptationJiahuan Zhou, Chao Zhu, Zhen-Yu Cui … Gang HuaNeurIPS
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  21. 2025
    Policy Compatible Skill Incremental Learning via Lazy Learning InterfaceDaehee Lee, Dong-Su Lee, TaeYoon Kwack … Honguk WooNeurIPS
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  26. 2025
    Mixture of Noise for Pre-Trained Model-Based Class-Incremental LearningKai Jiang, Zhengyan Shi, Dell Zhang … Xuelong LiNeurIPS
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  27. 2025
    Memory Decoder: A Pretrained, Plug-and-Play Memory for Large Language ModelsJiaqi Cao, Jiarui Wang, Ru-Bin Wei … Zhou-Han LinNeurIPS
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  28. 2025PDF ↗
  29. 2025
    Auto-Compressing NetworksVaggelis Dorovatas, Georgios Paraskevopoulos, Alexandros PotamianosNeurIPS
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  30. 2025
    Optimal Rates in Continual Linear Regression via Increasing RegularizationRan Levinstein, Amit Attia, Matan Schliserman … Itay EvronNeurIPS
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  31. 2025PDF ↗
  32. 2025
    STRAP: Spatio-Temporal Pattern Retrieval for Out-of-Distribution GeneralizationHaoyu Zhang, Wentao Zhang, H. Miao … Yifan ZhangNeurIPS
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  33. 2025
    ReservoirTTA: Prolonged Test-time Adaptation for Evolving and Recurring DomainsGuillaume Vray, Devavrat Tomar, Xufeng Gao … Behzad BozorgtabarNeurIPS
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  35. 2025
    Continuous Subspace Optimization for Continual LearningQuan Cheng, Yuanyu Wan, Lingyu Wu … Lijun ZhangNeurIPS
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  36. 2025
    Knowledge Graph Enhanced Generative Multi-modal Models for Class-Incremental LearningXusheng Cao, Haori Lu, Linlan Huang … Ming-Ming ChengNeurIPS
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  37. 2025
    Continual Multimodal Contrastive LearningXiaohao Liu, Xiaobo Xia, See-Kiong Ng, Tat-Seng ChuaNeurIPS
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  38. 2025
    Recurrent Memory for Online Interdomain Gaussian ProcessesWenlong Chen, Naoki Kiyohara, H. Zhu, Yingzhen LiNeurIPS
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  39. 2025
    Scaling Off-Policy Reinforcement Learning with Batch and Weight NormalizationDaniel Palenicek, Florian Vogt, Joe Watson, Jan PetersNeurIPS
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  40. 2025
    Activation-Informed Merging of Large Language ModelsA. Nobari, Kaveh Alimohammadi, Ali ArjomandBigdeli … Navid AzizanNeurIPS
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  41. 2024PDF ↗
  42. 2025
    Resource-Constrained Federated Continual Learning: What Does Matter?Yi-Chen Li, Yuying Wang, Jia-Hua Dong … Ruixuan LiNeurIPS
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  43. 2025
    Mitigating Forgetting in LLM Fine-Tuning via Low-Perplexity Token LearningChao-Chung Wu, Zhi Rui Tam, Chieh-Yen Lin … Hung-yi LeeNeurIPS · Court of Appeal · National Taiwan University of Science and Technology · +2
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  44. 2025
    MINGLE: Mixture of Null-Space Gated Low-Rank Experts for Test-Time Continual Model MergingZihuan Qiu, Yidong Xu, Chiyuan He … Hongliang LiNeurIPS · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · Amazon (Germany) · +1
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  45. 2025
    Gated Integration of Low-Rank Adaptation for Continual Learning of Large Language ModelsYan-Shuo Liang, Chen Jia-rui, Wu-Jun LiNeurIPS · Nanjing University
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  46. 2025
    Class-wise Balancing Data Replay for Federated Class-Incremental LearningZhuang Qi, Ying-Peng Tang, Lei Meng … Xiangxu MengNeurIPS · Shandong University · Nanyang Technological University · +1
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  47. 2025
    Continual Gaussian Mixture Distribution Modeling for Class Incremental Semantic SegmentationGuilin Zhu, Runmin Wang, Yuanjie Shao … Changxin GaoNeurIPS · Huazhong University of Science and Technology · Hunan Normal University
  48. 2025
    Dynamic Siamese Expansion Framework for Improving Robustness in Online Continual LearningFei Ye, Yulong Zhao, Qihe Liu … shijie zhouNeurIPS · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · University of York
  49. 2025
    Learning Expandable and Adaptable Representations for Continual LearningRuilong Yu, Mingyan Liu, Fei Ye … shijie zhouNeurIPS · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · Harbin Institute of Technology · +1
  50. 2025
    MOTION: Multi-Sculpt Evolutionary Coarsening for Federated Continual Graph LearningFrank Wan, Fengyuan Ran, Ruikang Zhang … Mang YeNeurIPS · Wuhan University · Tongji University · +2
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. By default it shows the papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or written by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times. The rest are one click away under “All papers”. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.