Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

1,141 papers of 8,653 · showing 1–50Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2025PDF ↗
  2. 2025
    The AI Hippocampus: How Far are We From Human Memory?Zixia Jia, Jiaqi Li, Yipeng Kang … Song-Chun ZhuTMLR
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  3. 2025
    Nested Learning: The Illusion of Deep Learning ArchitecturesAli Behrouz, Meisam Razaviyayn, Peilin Zhong, Vahab MirrokniNeurIPS
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  4. 2025
    End-to-End Test-Time Training for Long ContextArnuv Tandon, Karan Dalal, Xinhao Li … Yu SunarXiv
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  5. 2025
    HMEN: A hybrid modular network with dynamic expansion for continual learningZiye Fang, Bo Wan, Shangqi Guo, Jian K. LiuKnowledge-Based Systems · Xidian University · Human Computer Interaction (Switzerland) · +2
  6. 2025
    The World Is Bigger! A Computationally-Embedded Perspective on the Big World HypothesisAlex Lewandowski, Adtiya A. Ramesh, Edan Meyer … Marlos C. MachadoNeurIPS
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  7. 2025PDF ↗
  8. 2025
    LibContinual: A Comprehensive Library towards Realistic Continual LearningWenbin Li, Shangge Liu, Borui Kang … Jiebo LuoarXiv
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  9. 2025
    Mitigating Forgetting in Low Rank AdaptationJoanna Sliwa, Frank Schneider, Philipp Hennig, José Miguel Hernández-LobatoarXiv
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  10. 2025PDF ↗
  11. 2025
    Adaptation of Agentic AIPengcheng Jiang, Jiacheng Lin, Shi, Zhiyi … Jiawei HanarXiv
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  12. 2025
    THMM-CLIP: Task-Guided Hierarchical Multi-Modal Alignment for Rehearsal-Free Class Incremental LearningYingdong Pan, Zhaoquan Yuan, Xiao Wu … Changsheng XuACM Transactions · Southwest Jiaotong University · Nanjing University of Science and Technology · +2
  13. 2025
    A study on data-free knowledge distillation for non-IID problems in federated continual learningJiahao Yang, Xilong Wang, Weili Wu, Tianlong HuoEighth International Conference on Artificial Intelligenc… · Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications · Institute of Computing Technology
  14. 2025
    Contextual Memory Recall: A Novel Metric for Class Incremental LearningS. Balasubramanian, Sai Subramaniam M, Talasu Sai Sriram … Ravi MukkamalaSixteen Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics an… · Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning · Old Dominion University
  15. 2025PDF ↗
  16. 2025
    Adaptive Store-and-Recall Memory for Domain Continual LearningShutian Zhang, Chang Li, Guoren WangInternational Conference on Big Data and Data Mining (BDDM) · Beijing Institute of Technology
  17. 2025
    Grow Up and Merge: Scaling Strategies for Efficient Language AdaptationKevin Glocker, Kätriin Kukk, Romina Oji … Kunz, JennyarXiv
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  18. 2025
    Prompt-Driven Bit Extension Hashing for Continual Cross-Modal RetrievalWenhao Liu, Tianshi Wang, Fengling Li … Lei ZhuIEEE TCSVT · Shandong Normal University · Tongji University · +2
  19. 2025
    Unforgotten Safety: Preserving Safety Alignment of Large Language Models with Continual LearningLama Alssum, Hani Itani, Hasan Abed Al Kader Hammoud … Bernard GhanemarXiv
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  20. 2025PDF ↗
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  22. 2025
    Prompt-Based Continual Compositional Zero-Shot LearningSauda Maryam, Sara Nadeem, Faisal Z. Qureshi, Mohsen AliarXiv
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  23. 2025
    Heads collapse, features stay: Why Replay needs big buffersLanzillotta, Giulia, Meier, Damiano, Hofmann, ThomasICLR
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  24. 2025
    Low-Resource Domain Adaptation for Speech LLMs via Text-Only Fine-TuningY. Y. Fang, Jing Peng, Xu Li … Kai YuIEEE Automatic Speech Recognition and Understanding Works… · Huazhong University of Science and Technology · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · +1
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  25. 2025
    FedART: Enhancing Replay in Federated Incremental LearningZijiang Tan, Haodi Wang, Libin Jiao, Rongfang BieACM International Conference on Multimedia in Asia · Beijing Normal University · City University of Hong Kong · +1
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  26. 2025
    Uni-IL: Unified Incremental Learning of Vision-Language Models via Mixture of Attribute-Guided ExpertsFanyu Meng, Yufeng Zhan, Jie Zhang … Yuanqing XiaACM International Conference on Multimedia in Asia · Beijing Institute of Technology · Hong Kong University of Science and Technology · +1
  27. 2025
    On the Dangers of Bootstrapping Generation for Continual Learning and BeyondDaniil Zverev, A. Sophia Koepke, João F. HenriquesDAGM GCPR
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  28. 2025
    MemVerse: Multimodal Memory for Lifelong Learning AgentsLiu, Junming, Yifei Sun, Cheng, Weihua … Ding WangarXiv
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  29. 2025
    AWF: Adaptive Weight Fusion for Enhanced Class Incremental Semantic SegmentationZechao Sun, Shuying Piao, Haolin Jin … Luping ZhouInternational Conference on Digital Image Computing: Tech… · The University of Adelaide · The University of Sydney
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  30. 2025
    Remembrance of Tasks Past in Tunable Physical NetworksPurba Chatterjee, Marcelo Guzman, Andrea J. LiuarXiv
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  31. 2025
  32. 2025
    Evaluating Forgetting in Pretrained Robotic Policy Networks: A Continual Learning Study with OctoYu Ding, Lingqiao Liu, Peng Wang, Lei WangInternational Conference on Digital Image Computing: Tech… · University of Wollongong · The University of Adelaide · +1
  33. 2025
    Using Knowledge Replay Strategy to Help Improve the VLM Performance in Embodied RobotsFangyuan Ren, Jiayi Xu, Z. Zheng … Fei ChenIEEE International Conference on Robotics and Biomimetics… · Ningbo University · Ningbo University of Technology · +1
  34. 2025PDF ↗
  35. 2025
    Rethinking domain-agnostic continual learning via frequency completeness learningJian Peng, Haitao Zhang, Jing Shen … Haifeng LiInformation Fusion · Space Engineering University · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · +5
  36. 2025PDF ↗
  37. 2025
    Provably Safe Model UpdatesLeo Elmecker-Plakolm, Pierre Fasterling, Philip Sosnin … Matthew WickerarXiv
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  38. 2025
    D-Know: Disentangled Domain Knowledge-Aided Learning for Open-Domain Continual Object DetectionBintao He, Caixia Yan, Yan Kou … Yugui XieApplied Sciences · Xi'an Jiaotong University · Digital Video (Italy)
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  39. 2025
    Generating samples for covariance to update prototype in few-shot class-incremental learningHong Yu, Qiwei Luo, Ye Wang, Guoyin WangApplied Intelligence · Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications · Chongqing Normal University
  40. 2025
    Affordance-First Decomposition for Continual Learning in Video-Language UnderstandingMengzhu Xu, Hanzhi Liu, Ningkang Peng … Canran XiaoCVPR
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  41. 2025
    Memory-Integrated Reconfigurable Adapters: A Unified Framework for Settings with Multiple TasksSusmit Agrawal, K. Kher, Saksham Mittal … Vineeth N. BalasubramanianNeurIPS
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  42. 2025PDF ↗
  43. 2025
    Adaptive Momentum Mixture-of-Experts for Continual Visual Question AnsweringTianyu Huai, Jie Zhou, Qin Chen … Liang HeIEEE TCSVT · East China Normal University · Shanghai Open University · +2
  44. 2025PDF ↗
  45. 2025
    Learn by Reasoning: Analogical Weight Generation for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningJizhou Han, Chenhao Ding, Yuhang He … Yihong GongIEEE TCSVT · Xi'an Jiaotong University · Shenzhen University · +2
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  46. 2025
    SuRe: Surprise-Driven Prioritised Replay for Continual LLM LearningHugo Hazard, Zafeirios Fountas, Martin Benfeghoul … Haitham Bou-AmmararXiv
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  47. 2025
    Agentic Learner with Grow-and-Refine Multimodal Semantic MemoryWeihao Bo, Shan Zhang, Yanpeng Sun … Zechao LiarXiv
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  48. 2025
    A continual imitation learning benchmark for mobile robot navigation in sequential environmentsRui Li, Y. H. Xie, Lin Zhang … Wei ZhangRobotic Intelligence and Automation · Shandong University · University of Jinan · +1
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  50. 2025PDF ↗
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. By default it shows the papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or written by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times. The rest are one click away under “All papers”. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.