Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1959 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

59 papers of 11,817 · showing 1–50Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
  2. 2026
    Continual learning via semantic memory systemMing-Sen Luo, Qi-He Liu, Fei Ye … Shi-Jie ZhouPattern Recognition
  3. 2026
    Federated continual learning with domain-routed historical expert matching for multimodal perceptionXiu-Heng Liao, Zhi-Wei Si, Tao Liu … Chun-Hua SuPattern Recognition
  4. 2026
  5. 2026
  6. 2026
  7. 2026
    Incomplete cross-modality class-incremental learning in visible-thermal recognitionXinjie Yao, Yanxian Bi, Yu Wang … Qinghua HuPattern Recognition
  8. 2026
    TIPS: Two-level prompt selection for more stability-plasticity balance in continual learningZhikun Feng, Liang Peng, K. Dang … Jionglong SuPattern Recognition
  9. 2026
  10. 2026PDF ↗
  11. 2026
    Incremental mixture of experts: Continual learning for object detection in forestry scenariosXi-Meng Cheng, Qiaonan Zhu, Shukun Jia … Xiaobo LuPattern Recognition
  12. 2026
    PSR: Proactive soft-orthogonal regulation for long-tailed class-incremental learningZhihan Fu, Zhiqiu Zhang, Shi-Peng Liao … Tianyu ShenPattern Recognition
  13. 2026
    MIP: Mutual information-guided prompt for class-incremental continual graph learningQiao Yuan, Boxuan Zhu, Weizhi Huang … K. ManPattern Recognition
  14. 2026
  15. 2025
    Class-aware prototype augmentation and decoupled feature distillation for class-incremental learningCheng-Dong Wang, Yangjun Ou, Xian-Fang Tang … Rui YanPattern Recognition
  16. 2025
    Dual-Attention based prompt generation and catalyzing for instance-wise continual learningYong Dai, Xiaopeng Hong, Yabin Wang … Yao-Wei WangPattern Recognition
  17. 2025
    MoTiC: Momentum Tightness and Contrast for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningZeyu He, Shuai Huang, Yuwu Lu, Ming ZhaoPattern Recognition
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  18. 2025
    You look from old classes: Towards accurate few shot class-incremental learningYi-Jie Hu, Kaizhu Huang, Wei Wang … Qiu-Feng WangPattern Recognition
  19. 2025
    Slowly expanding neural network for class incremental learningZhengjing Xu, Xu-Yang Li, Xiaobin Chang … Ruixuan WangPattern Recognition
  20. 2025
    Buffer-free Class-Incremental Learning with Out-of-Distribution DetectionSrishti Gupta, D. Angioni, Maura Pintor … Fabio RoliPattern Recognition
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  21. 2025
  22. 2025
    LoRA-Based Continual Learning with Constraints on Critical Parameter ChangesShimou Ling, Liang Zhang, Jiangwei Zhao … Hongliang LiPattern Recognition
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  23. 2025
    DUKAE: DUal-level Knowledge Accumulation and Ensemble for Pre-Trained Model-Based Continual LearningSong Li, Tonghua Su, Xu-Yao Zhang … Zhongjie WangPattern Recognition
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  24. 2025
    FILP-3D: Enhancing 3D few-shot class-incremental learning with pre-trained vision-language modelsWan Xu, Tianyu Huang, Tian-Yu Qu … Wangmeng ZuoPattern Recognition
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  25. 2026
    PAL: Prompting Analytic Learning with Missing Modality for Multi-Modal Class-Incremental LearningXianghu Yue, Yi-Ming Chen, Xueyi Zhang … Haizhou LiPattern Recognition
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  26. 2025
    CIT: Rethinking Class-incremental Semantic Segmentation with a Class Independent TransformationJinchao Ge, Bowen Zhang, Akide Liu … Yang ZhaoPattern Recognition
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  27. 2024
    A masking, linkage and guidance framework for online class incremental learningGuoqiang Liang, Zhao-Jie Chen, Shibin Su … Yanning ZhangPattern Recognition
  28. 2024
    Continual learning with high-order experience replay for dynamic network embeddingZhizheng Wang, Yuanyuan Sun, Xiaokun Zhang … Hongfei LinPattern Recognition
  29. 2024
    OpenCIL: Benchmarking Out-of-Distribution Detection in Class-Incremental LearningWenjun Miao, Guansong Pang, Trong T. Nguyen … Xiaolong BaiPattern Recognition
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  30. 2024
    Pseudo-set Frequency Refinement architecture for fine-grained few-shot class-incremental learningZicheng Pan, Weichuan Zhang, Xiaohan Yu … Yongsheng GaoPattern Recognition
  31. 2024
    Large-scale continual learning for ancient Chinese character recognitionYue Xu, Xu-Yao Zhang, Zhao-kui Zhang, Cheng-Lin LiuPattern Recognition
  32. 2024
  33. 2024
    BSDP: Brain-inspired Streaming Dual-level Perturbations for Online Open World Object DetectionYu Chen, Liyan Ma, Liping Jing, Jian-hong YuPattern Recognition
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  34. 2024
  35. 2024
    Hyper-feature aggregation and relaxed distillation for class incremental learningRan Wu, Huan-Yu Liu, Zongcheng Yue … Chiu-Wing ShamPattern Recognition
  36. 2024
    Continual learning for cross-modal image-text retrieval based on domain-selective attentionRui Yang, Shuang Wang, Yu Gu … Li-Cheng JiaoPattern Recognition
  37. 2023
    Dynamic Heterogeneous Federated Learning with Multi-Level PrototypesShunxin Guo, Hongsong Wang, Xin GengPattern Recognition
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  38. 2023
  39. 2025
    Towards Redundancy-Free Sub-networks in Continual LearningCheng Chen, Jingkuan Song, Lianli Gao, Heng-Tao ShenPattern Recognition
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  40. 2023
    Low-redundancy distillation for continual learningRuiqi Liu, Boyu Diao, Libo Huang … Yong-Jun XuPattern Recognition
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  41. 2023
    Class Incremental Learning with Self-Supervised Pre-Training and Prototype LearningWenzhuo Liu, Xin-Jian Wu, Fei Zhu … Cheng-Lin LiuPattern Recognition
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  42. 2023
    Memory efficient data-free distillation for continual learningXiaorong Li, Shipeng Wang, Jian Sun, Zongben XuPattern Recognition
  43. 2023
    Exemplar-free class incremental learning via discriminative and comparable parallel one-class classifiersWenju Sun, Qingyong Li, J. Zhang … Yangli-ao GengPattern Recognition
  44. 2023
    Class-incremental object detectionDong-Min Na, Yongqiang Zhang, Ming Ding, Yancheng BaiPattern Recognition
  45. 2022
    SATS: Self-Attention Transfer for Continual Semantic SegmentationYiqiao Qiu, Yixing Shen, Zhuohao Sun … Ruixuan WangPattern Recognition · Sun Yat-sen University · Wuhan University · +2
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  46. 2023
    Knowledge aggregation networks for class incremental learningZhi-Ling Fu, Zhe Wang, Xinlei Xu … Hai YangPattern Recognition
  47. 2021
    DIODE: Dilatable Incremental Object DetectionCan Peng, Kun Zhao, Sam Maksoud … Brian C. LovellPattern Recognition · The University of Queensland
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  48. 2022
    Multi-criteria Selection of Rehearsal Samples for Continual LearningZhuang Chen, Shaoli Huang, Gong Cheng, Jifeng NingPattern Recognition · Northwest A&F University · Tencent (China) · +1
  49. 2021
    Multi-View Correlation Distillation for Incremental Object DetectionDongbao Yang, Yu Zhou, Aoting Zhang … Qixiang YePattern Recognition · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Information Engineering · +1
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  50. 2020
    Instance exploitation for learning temporary concepts from sparsely labeled drifting data streamsŁukasz Korycki, Bartosz KrawczykPattern Recognition · Virginia Commonwealth University
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About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.