Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1959 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

41 papers of 11,817Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    HM3-VLM: Hybrid Magnitude-Max Merging for Exemplar-Free Class-Incremental Visual Speech RecognitionChang-Yan Zheng, Zhi-Xue Chen, Li-Guo Xu … Ji-Bin YangExpert Systems with Applications
  2. 2026
    PromptCIL: Feature-Guided Prompting for Audio-Visual Class-Incremental LearningAditya Kumar Singh, R. Thakur, Parinita Nema, V. K. KurmiExpert Systems with Applications
  3. 2026
    CL4DEE: A continual learning framework for document-level event extraction with mixture-of-expertsJunru Liao, Haoran Wang, Weimin Cheng, Yatian ShenExpert Systems with Applications
  4. 2026
    Adaptive memory replay for plasticity-aware edge continual learningPeng Zhang, Jing Yang, Yong Yao … Yanping ChenExpert Systems with Applications
  5. 2026
    EA: Elastic multi-level anchoring-based generative approach for federated class-incremental learningWen-Xu Wu, Gang Li, Li-Xin Liu … Jianfeng ZhaoExpert Systems with Applications
  6. 2026
    Knowledge-aware replay for multi-label class-incremental learningChengtai Cao, Xinhong Chen, Qun Song … Jianping WangExpert Systems with Applications
  7. 2026
    MambaCLRec: Continual learning via prompt adaptation and elastic consolidation for sequential recommendationWeina Zhang, Mengmeng Zhai, Zhongqin Bi, Linxuan ZhaoExpert Systems with Applications
  8. 2026
    Beyond catastrophic forgetting: A continual learning-driven multi-modal fusion model for saliency prediction in dynamic scenesNana Zhang, Jiaqi Wang, Dan-Dan Zhu … Guangtao ZhaiExpert Systems with Applications
  9. 2026
    Emotion-augmented continual learning for empathic robot behaviorYuxuan Zhao, Tongwei Zhang, Siqi Liu … Wei WuExpert Systems with Applications
  10. 2026
    Image-point class incremental learning via masked rendering and Probabilistic prototype modelingChao Qi, Jianqin Yin, Ren Zhang, Jialu GuExpert Systems with Applications
  11. 2026
    SEDLA: Feature-incremental learning with deep neural networks for functional regressionYujing Shen, Bin Zou, Yude Bu, Yang ZhouExpert Systems with Applications
  12. 2026
    FreeGNN: Continual Source-Free Graph Neural Network Adaptation for Renewable Energy ForecastingAbderaouf Bahi, Amel Ourici, Ibtissem Gasmi … M. FerragExpert Systems with Applications
    PDF ↗
  13. 2026
  14. 2025
    RACLA: Role-aware continual learning for robust AML detectionQian Zhang, Le-Yuan Liu, Tian Lan … Xiao-Song ZhangExpert Systems with Applications
  15. 2025
    Adaptive federated class-Incremental learning for reducing catastrophic forgettingZhiyan You, Jielei Chu, Zhaoyu Li … Tianrui LiExpert Systems with Applications
  16. 2025
    Visible-thermal cross-modality class-incremental learningXinjie Yao, Ying-Xue Wang, Yu Wang … Wanyu LinExpert Systems with Applications
  17. 2026
    Reinforced Interactive Continual Learning via Real-time Noisy Human FeedbackYu-Tao Yang, Jie Zhou, Junsong Li … Liang HeExpert Systems with Applications
    PDF ↗
  18. 2025
    Meta-Tuner: Meta-trained node-specific transformations for Graph Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningZhengnan Li, Jun Fang, Junbo Wang … Yunxiao QinExpert Systems with Applications
  19. 2025
    Advances in continual learning: A comprehensive reviewMengjuan Jiang, Jiaqing Fan, Fanzhang LiExpert Systems with Applications
  20. 2025
    UCL-MHTR: A unified continual learning system for multilingual handwritten text recognitionMarwa Dhiaf, Mohamed Ali Souibgui, Yousri Kessentini … Ahmed Cheikh RouhouExpert Systems with Applications
  21. 2024
    APM: Adaptive parameter multiplexing for class incremental learningJinghan Gao, Tao Xie, Ruifeng Li … Li-jun ZhaoExpert Systems with Applications
  22. 2024
    The deep continual learning framework for prediction of blast-induced overbreak in tunnel constructionBiao He, Jialu Li, D. J. Armaghani … Dai-Chao ShengExpert Systems with Applications
  23. 2024
    A flexible enhanced fuzzy min-max neural network for pattern classificationEssam Alhroob, Mohammed Falah Mohammed, Osama Nayel Al Sayaydeh … C. LimExpert Systems with Applications
  24. 2024
    Rethinking few-shot class-incremental learning: A lazy learning baselineZhili Qin, Wei Han, Jiaming Liu … Jun-Ming ShaoExpert Systems with Applications
  25. 2024
    Balanced Residual Distillation Learning for 3D Point Cloud Class-Incremental Semantic SegmentationYuanzhi Su, Siyuan Chen, Yuan-Gen WangExpert Systems with Applications
    PDF ↗
  26. 2024
  27. 2024
    Continual test-time adaptation for object detection with adaptive monitoring and randomized restorationShi-Lei Cao, Juepeng Zheng, Yan Liu … Haohuan FuExpert Systems with Applications
    PDF ↗
  28. 2024
    Class-incremental learning with causal relational replayToàn Nguyên, D. Kieu, Bao Duong … Hoai Bac LeExpert Systems with Applications
  29. 2023
    Federated Class-Incremental Learning with PromptingJiale Liu, Yu-Wei Zhan, Chong-Yu Zhang … Xin-Shun XuExpert Systems with Applications
    PDF ↗
  30. 2023
    Few-shot class-incremental audio classification via discriminative prototype learningWei-xin Xie, Yanxiong Li, Qianhua He, Wen-Chang CaoExpert Systems with Applications
  31. 2022
    Online continual learning via the knowledge invariant and spread-out propertiesYa-nan Han, Jianwei LiuExpert Systems with Applications · China University of Petroleum, Beijing
    PDF ↗
  32. 2022
    Dynamic hidden variable fuzzy broad neural network based batch process anomaly detection with incremental learning capabilitiesChang Peng, Ruiyang Zhang, Ding ChunhaoExpert Systems with Applications · Beijing University of Technology
  33. 2021
    Brain inspired lifelong learning model based on neural based learning classifier system for underwater data classificationMuhammad Irfan, Zheng Jiangbin, Muhammad Iqbal … Syed Rauf ul HassanExpert Systems with Applications · Northwestern Polytechnical University · Higher Colleges of Technology · +1
  34. 2020
    Sequential Targeting: an incremental learning approach for data imbalance in text classificationJoel Jang, Yoonjeon Kim, Kyoung-Ho Choi, Sungho SuhExpert Systems with Applications · Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology · Naver (South Korea) · +1
    PDF ↗
  35. 2020
    A boosted SVM classifier trained by incremental learning and decremental unlearning approachRasha KashefExpert Systems with Applications · Toronto Metropolitan University
  36. 2021
    GEP-based classifier for mining imbalanced dataJoanna Jędrzejowicz, Piotr JędrzejowiczExpert Systems with Applications · University of Gdańsk · Gdynia Maritime University
  37. 2020
    Learn#: A Novel incremental learning method for text classificationGuangxu Shan, Shiyao Xu, Yang Li … Yang XiangExpert Systems with Applications · Tongji University
  38. 2020
    SOINN+, a Self-Organizing Incremental Neural Network for Unsupervised Learning from Noisy Data StreamsChayut Wiwatcharakoses, Daniel BerrarExpert Systems with Applications · Tokyo Institute of Technology
  39. 2019
    An incremental learning method for spoof fingerprint detectionJun Beom Kho, Wonjune Lee, Heeseung Choi, Jaihie KimExpert Systems with Applications · Yonsei University · Hyundai Mobis (South Korea) · +1
  40. 2016
    A hybrid model of fuzzy ARTMAP and genetic algorithm for data classification and rule extractionFarhad Pourpanah, Chee Peng Lim, Junita Mohamad–SalehExpert Systems with Applications · Universiti Sains Malaysia · Deakin University
  41. 2015
    Flexible propositionalization of continuous attributes in relational data miningChowdhury Farhan Ahmed, Nicolas Lachiche, Clément Charnay … Agnès BraudExpert Systems with Applications · Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Ingénieur, de l'Informatique et de l'Imagerie · Université de Strasbourg
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.