Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

99 papers of 8,653 · showing 1–50Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    AdalReID: Auto-selected Knowledge Adapters for Lifelong Person Re-identification.Xue-Lin Qian, Rui-Qi Wu, Zhong-Ling Huang … Junwei HanTPAMI
  2. 2026
    Crafting Your Evolving Dreams: Concept-Incremental Versatile CustomizationJiahua Dong, Wenqi Liang, Hongliu Li … Fahad Shahbaz KhanTPAMI · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence · University of Trento · +5
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  3. 2026
  4. 2024
    Elastic Multi-Gradient Descent for Parallel Continual LearningFan Lyu, Wei Feng, Yuepan Li … Liang WangTPAMI · Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona · Tianjin University · +2
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  5. 2026
    Continual Test-Time Training on Graphs via Adaptive Prompts IntegrationQianyi Cai, Ziyue Qiao, Rui Cai … Hui XiongTPAMI · Great Bay University · University of California, Davis · +2
  6. 2024
    DECODE: Domain-Aware Continual Domain Expansion for Motion PredictionBoqi Li, Haojie Zhu, Henry LiuTPAMI · University of Michigan
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  7. 2026
    Quadruplet Augmentation With Attribute and Structure Invariance for Online Continual LearningJiamin Wu, Shaofan Wang, Yanan Sun … Baocai YinMemberTPAMI · Beijing University of Technology · Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence
  8. 2024
    Dual-CBA: Improving Online Continual Learning via Dual Continual Bias Adaptors From a Bi-level Optimization PerspectiveHong Wang, Renzhen Wang, Yichen Wu … Deyu MengTPAMI · Xi'an Jiaotong University · Harvard University · +1
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  9. 2026
    Locally Linear Continual Learning for Time Series Based on VC-Theoretical Generalization BoundsYan V. G. Ferreira, Igor Barbosa Lima, Pedro H. G. Mapa S. … A. P. BragaTPAMI · Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais · University of Alberta
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  10. 2024
    Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning for Continual Learning: A Neural Tangent Kernel PerspectiveJingren Liu, Zhong Ji, Yunlong Yu … Xuelong LiTPAMI · Tianjin University · Zhejiang University · +3
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  11. 2026
    Learning From Each Other: Generalized Federated Incremental Semantic SegmentationJiahua Dong, Wenqi Liang, Yang Cong … Luc Van GoolTPAMI · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence · Shenyang Institute of Automation · +5
  12. 2026
    CAKGE: Context-Aware Adaptive Learning for Dynamic Knowledge Graph EmbeddingsZongsheng Cao, Qianqian Xu, Zhiyong Yang … Qingming HuangTPAMI · ShangHai JiAi Genetics & IVF Institute · Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory · +3
  13. 2024
    Incremental Online Learning of Randomized Neural Network With Forward RegularizationJunda Wang, Minghui Hu, Ning Li … Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam SuganthanTPAMI · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Nanyang Technological University · +1
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  14. 2025
    Lifelong Learning of Large Language Model Based Agents: A RoadmapJunhao Zheng, Chengming Shi, Xidi Cai … Qianli MaTPAMI · South China University of Technology · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence · +2
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  15. 2026
    LoRASculpt: Harmonious Low-Rank Adaptation for Multimodal Large Language ModelsJian Liang, Wenke Huang, Xianda Guo … Mang YeTPAMI · Wuhan University
  16. 2026
    AdaptCMVC++: Robust and Flexible Adaptation to Incremental Views in Continual Multi-view Clustering.Jing Wang, Songhe Feng, Jiacheng Li … Michael KampffmeyerTPAMI · Beijing Foreign Studies University · Beijing Jiaotong University · +2
  17. 2026
    Co$^{2}$ In: a Bi-level Memory Incremental Learning Framework with Knowledge Encoding, Consolidation, and Integration.Wenju Sun, Qingyong Li, Boyang Li … Yangli-ao GengTPAMI · Beijing Jiaotong University · Nanyang Technological University
  18. 2026
    Continual Low-Rank Adaptation Via Cumulative Unified Optimization.Yue Lu, Shizhou Zhang, De Cheng … Yanning ZhangTPAMI · Northwestern Polytechnical University · Xidian University
  19. 2026
    InfBA: Interference-Free Bottleneck Adaptation for Continual LearningYan-Shuo Liang, Weiwei LiTPAMI · Nanjing University of Science and Technology
  20. 2026
    NExplore: Exploration with Neural Fields for Autonomous Scene Reconstruction.Zike Yan, Zijia Kuang, Yuetao Li … Hongbin ZhaTPAMI · Tsinghua University · Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence
  21. 2026
    Pattern in Motion: Retrieval-Augmented Learning for Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Graphs.Haoyu Zhang, Xinke Jiang, Wentao Zhang … Heqing HuangTPAMI · City University of Hong Kong · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · +2
  22. 2026
    PointPDF V2: A Unified Framework for Continual Open-World 3D Semantic Segmentation.Jinfeng Xu, Xianzhi Li, Yixue Hao, Long HuTPAMI · Huazhong University of Science and Technology
  23. 2026
    Robust Personalized Federated Continual Learning via Explainable Multi-Granularity Prompt.Hao Yu, Xiaomin Yang, Boyang Fan … Qiang YangTPAMI · Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada) · Shenzhen Weiguang Biological Products (China) · +3
  24. 2025PDF ↗
  25. 2025
    Developing Evolving Adaptability in Biological Intelligence: A Novel Biologically-Inspired Continual Learning Model for Video Saliency PredictionDandan Zhu, Kaiwei Zhang, Kun Zhu … Xiaokang YangTPAMI · East China Normal University · Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory · +3
  26. 2025
    A Theoretical Perspective on Streaming Noisy Data With Distribution ShiftWenshui Luo, Shuo Chen, Tao Zhou, Chen GongTPAMI · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Nanjing University of Science and Technology
  27. 2025
    VPT-NSP2++: Importance-Aware Visual Prompt Tuning in Null Space for Continual LearningShizhou Zhang, Yue Lu, De Cheng … Yanning ZhangTPAMI · Northwestern Polytechnical University · Xidian University
  28. 2025
    Release the Potential of Memory Buffer in Continual Learning: A Dynamic System PerspectiveZhenyi Wang, Li Shen, Tiehang Duan … Dacheng TaoTPAMI · University of Central Florida · Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada) · +6
  29. 2025
    Schedule-Robust Continual LearningRuohan Wang, Marco Ciccone, Massimiliano Pontil, Carlo CilibertoTPAMI · Agency for Science, Technology and Research · Institute for Infocomm Research · +3
  30. 2023
    Task-Distributionally Robust Data-Free Meta-LearningZixuan Hu, Yongxian Wei, Li Shen … Dacheng TaoTPAMI · Nanyang Technological University · Tsinghua–Berkeley Shenzhen Institute · +6
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  31. 2024
    Graph Memory Learning: Imitating Lifelong Remembering and Forgetting of Brain NetworksJiaxing Miao, Liang Hu, Qi Zhang, Longbing CaoTPAMI · Tongji University · Macquarie University
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  32. 2025
    Model Rectification With Simultaneous Incremental Feature and Partial Label SetXijia Tang, Chao Xu, Chenping HouTPAMI · National University of Defense Technology
  33. 2025
    MoE-Adapters++: Toward More Efficient Continual Learning of Vision-Language Models Via Dynamic Mixture-of-Experts AdaptersJiazuo Yu, Zichen Huang, Yunzhi Zhuge … You HeTPAMI · Dalian University of Technology · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · +2
  34. 2025
  35. 2020
    Simple Lifelong Learning MachinesJoshua T. Vogelstein, Jayanta Dey, Hayden S. Helm … Carey E. PriebeTPAMI · Johns Hopkins University · Baylor College of Medicine · +1
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  36. 2025
    Replay Master: Automatic Sample Selection and Effective Memory Utilization for Continual Semantic SegmentationLanyun Zhu, Tianrun Chen, Jianxiong Yin … Jun LiuTPAMI · Singapore University of Technology and Design · Zhejiang University of Science and Technology · +1
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  37. 2025
  38. 2024
    PASS++: A Dual Bias Reduction Framework for Non-Exemplar Class-Incremental LearningFei Zhu, Xu-Yao Zhang, Zhen Cheng, Cheng‐Lin LiuTPAMI · Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +1
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  39. 2025
    Continual Unsupervised Generative ModelingFei Ye, Adrian G. BorşTPAMI · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · University of York
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  40. 2024
    HiDe-PET: Continual Learning via Hierarchical Decomposition of Parameter-Efficient TuningLiyuan Wang, Jingyi Xie, Xingxing Zhang … Jun ZhuTPAMI · Tsinghua University
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  41. 2024
    Uncertainty-Calibrated Test-Time Model Adaptation Without ForgettingMingkui Tan, Guohao Chen, Jiaxiang Wu … Shuaicheng NiuTPAMI · South China University of Technology · National University of Singapore · +2
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  42. 2025
    Re-Fed+: A Better Replay Strategy for Federated Incremental LearningYichen Li, Haozhao Wang, Yining Qi … Ruixuan LiTPAMI · Huazhong University of Science and Technology
  43. 2025
    Replay Without Saving: Prototype Derivation and Distribution Rebalance for Class-Incremental Semantic SegmentationJ.R. Chen, Runmin Cong, Yuxuan Luo … Sam KwongTPAMI · City University of Hong Kong · Shandong University
  44. 2023
    Learning Without Forgetting for Vision-Language ModelsDa-Wei Zhou, Yuanhan Zhang, Yan Wang … Ziwei LiuTPAMI · Nanjing University · Nanyang Technological University
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  45. 2025
    Revisiting Flatness-Aware Optimization in Continual Learning With Orthogonal Gradient ProjectionEnneng Yang, Li Shen, Zhenyi Wang … Dacheng TaoTPAMI · Northeastern University · Sun Yat-sen University · +3
  46. 2023
    Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning for Classification and Object Detection: A SurveyJinghua Zhang, Li Liu, Olli Sílven … Dewen HuTPAMI · National University of Defense Technology · University of Oulu
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  47. 2024
    Training Networks in Null Space of Feature Covariance With Self-Supervision for Incremental LearningShipeng Wang, Xiaorong Li, Jian Sun, Zongben XuTPAMI · Xi'an Jiaotong University
  48. 2023
    Continual Learning: Forget-Free Winning Subnetworks for Video RepresentationsHaeyong Kang, Jaehong Yoon, Sung Ju Hwang, Chang D. YooTPAMI · Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology
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  49. 2023
    A Comprehensive Survey of Forgetting in Deep Learning Beyond Continual LearningZhenyi Wang, Enneng Yang, Li Shen, Heng HuangTPAMI · University of Maryland, College Park · Northeastern University · +1
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  50. 2024
    Language-Inspired Relation Transfer for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningYifan Zhao, Jia Li, Zeyin Song, Yonghong TianTPAMI · Beihang University · Peking University
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About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.