Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

116 papers of 8,653 · showing 51–100Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2025
    Continual learning with Bayesian compression for shared and private latent representationsYang Yang, Dandan Guo, Bo Chen, Dexiu HuNeural Networks · Jilin University · Xidian University · +1
  2. 2025
    Exploring continual learning strategies in artificial neural networks through graph-based analysis of connectivity: Insights from a brain-inspired perspectiveLucrezia Carboni, Dwight Nwaigwe, Marion Mainsant … Sophie AchardNeural Networks · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Inserm · +10
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  3. 2024
    Enhancing Consistency and Mitigating Bias: A Data Replay Approach for Incremental LearningChenyang Wang, Junjun Jiang, Xingyu Hu … Xiangyang JiNeural Networks · Harbin Institute of Technology · Tsinghua University
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  4. 2024
    Similarity-based context aware continual learning for spiking neural networksBing Han, Feifei Zhao, Yang Li … Yi ZengNeural Networks · Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology · Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence · +3
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  5. 2024
    Improving Forward Compatibility in Class Incremental Learning by Increasing Representation Rank and Feature RichnessJaeill Kim, W. C. Lee, Moonjung Eo, Wonjong RheeNeural Networks · CHA University Bundang Medical Center · Seoul National University · +1
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  6. 2024
    Continual Learning in the Presence of RepetitionHamed Hemati, Lorenzo Pellegrini, X.W. Duan … Gido M. van de VenNeural Networks · University of St.Gallen · University of Applied Sciences St. Gallen · +10
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  7. 2024PDF ↗
  8. 2024
    Continual Learning of Conjugated Visual Representations through Higher-order Motion FlowsSimone Marullo, Matteo Tiezzi, Marco Gori, Stefano MelacciNeural Networks
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  9. 2024
    A class-incremental learning approach for learning feature-compatible embeddingsHongchao An, Jing Yang, Xiuhua Zhang … Jianjun HuNeural Networks · Guizhou University · Guizhou Minzu University · +3
  10. 2024
    Less confidence, less forgetting: Learning with a humbler teacher in exemplar-free Class-Incremental learningZijian Gao, Kele Xu, Huiping Zhuang … Huaimin WangNeural Networks · National University of Defense Technology · South China University of Technology · +2
  11. 2024
  12. 2024
    Class-incremental learning with Balanced Embedding Discrimination MaximizationQinglai Wei, Weiqin ZhangNeural Networks · Macau University of Science and Technology · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +4
  13. 2024
    CeCR: Cross-entropy contrastive replay for online class-incremental continual learningGuanglu Sun, Baolun Ji, Lili Liang, Ming‐Hui ChenNeural Networks · Harbin University of Science and Technology
  14. 2023
    HyperMask: Adaptive Hypernetwork-based Masks for Continual LearningKamil Książek, Przemysław SpurekNeural Networks
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  15. 2023
    Subspace Distillation for Continual LearningKaushik Roy, Christian Simon, Peyman Moghadam, Mehrtash HarandiNeural Networks
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  16. 2023
    Dual memory model for experience-once task-incremental lifelong learningGehua Ma, Runhao Jiang, Lang Wang, Huajin TangNeural Networks · Zhejiang University of Science and Technology · Zhejiang University · +1
  17. 2023
    Mitigate forgetting in few-shot class-incremental learning using different image viewsPratik Mazumder, Pravendra SinghNeural Networks · Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur · Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee
  18. 2023
    VLAD: Task-agnostic VAE-based lifelong anomaly detectionKamil Faber, Roberto Corizzo, Bartłomiej Śnieżyński, Nathalie JapkowiczNeural Networks · Institute of Computer Science · AGH University of Krakow · +1
  19. 2022
    Continual Learning with Invertible Generative ModelsJary Pomponi, Simone Scardapane, Aurelio UnciniNeural Networks · Sapienza University of Rome
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  20. 2023
    Multi-granularity knowledge distillation and prototype consistency regularization for class-incremental learningYanyan Shi, Dianxi Shi, Dianxi Shi … Chunping QiuNeural Networks · National University of Defense Technology · National Defense University
  21. 2021
    Lifelong learning on evolving graphs under the constraints of imbalanced classes and new classesLukas Galke, Iacopo Vagliano, Benedikt Franke … Ansgar ScherpNeural Networks · Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics · Amsterdam University Medical Centers · +3
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  22. 2022
    Growing dendrites enhance a neuron's computational power and memory capacityWilliam B. Levy, Robert A. BaxterNeural Networks · University of Virginia · Baxter (United States)
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  23. 2023
    Imitating the oracle: Towards calibrated model for class incremental learningFei Zhu, Zhen Cheng, Xu-Yao Zhang, Cheng‐Lin LiuNeural Networks · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Shandong Institute of Automation · +3
  24. 2023
    A Survey on Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningSongsong Tian, Lusi Li, Weijun Li … Prayag TiwariNeural Networks
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  25. 2023
    Lifelong learning with Shared and Private Latent Representations learned through synaptic intelligenceYang Yang, Jie Huang, Dexiu HuNeural Networks · PLA Information Engineering University
  26. 2023
    Online continual learning with declarative memoryZhe Xiao, Zhekai Du, Ruijin Wang … Jingjing LiNeural Networks · China Electronics Technology Group Corporation · Hebei Science and Technology Department · +1
  27. 2023
    Emphasizing Unseen Words: New Vocabulary Acquisition for End-to-End Speech RecognitionLeyuan Qu, Cornelius Weber, Stefan WermterNeural Networks · Universität Hamburg · Zhejiang Lab · +2
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  28. 2023
    Improving transparency and representational generalizability through parallel continual learningM Paknezhad, Hamsawardhini Rengarajan, Chenghao Yuan … Hwee Kuan LeeNeural Networks · Agency for Science, Technology and Research · Bioinformatics Institute · +2
  29. 2023
    SuperFormer: Continual learning superposition method for text classificationMarko Zeman, Jana Faganeli Pucer, Igor Kononenko, Zoran BosnićNeural Networks · University of Ljubljana
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  30. 2023
    Knowledge-Preserving continual person re-identification using Graph Attention NetworkZhaoshuo Liu, Chaolu Feng, Shuaizheng Chen, Jun HuNeural Networks
  31. 2023
    Leveraging joint incremental learning objective with data ensemble for class incremental learningPratik Mazumder, Mohammed Asad Karim, Indu Joshi, Pravendra SinghNeural Networks · Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur · Carnegie Mellon University · +2
  32. 2020
    A Wholistic View of Continual Learning with Deep Neural Networks: Forgotten Lessons and the Bridge to Active and Open World LearningMartin Mundt, Yongwon Hong, Iuliia Pliushch, Visvanathan RameshNeural Networks · Goethe University Frankfurt · Technische Universität Darmstadt · +1
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  33. 2023
    A Domain-Agnostic Approach for Characterization of Lifelong Learning SystemsMegan M. Baker, Alexander New, Mario Aguilar-Simon … Gautam K. VallabhaNeural Networks · Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory · Teledyne Technologies (United States) · +13
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  34. 2023
    Dynamic sparse coding-based value estimation network for deep reinforcement learningHaoli Zhao, Zhenni Li, Wensheng Su, Shengli XieNeural Networks · Guangdong University of Technology
  35. 2022
    Continual learning with attentive recurrent neural networks for temporal data classificationShao-Yu Yin, Yu Huang, Tien-Yu Chang … Vincent S. TsengNeural Networks · National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University · Industrial Technology Research Institute · +1
  36. 2022
    Efficient Perturbation Inference and Expandable Network for continual learningFei Du, Yun Yang, Ziyuan Zhao, Zeng ZengNeural Networks · Yunnan University · Agency for Science, Technology and Research · +1
  37. 2022
    CLAD: A realistic Continual Learning benchmark for Autonomous DrivingEli Verwimp, Kuo Yang, Sarah Parisot … Tinne TuytelaarsNeural Networks
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  38. 2021
    TaskDrop: A Competitive Baseline for Continual Learning of Sentiment ClassificationJian-Ping Mei, Yilun Zhen, Qianwei Zhou, Rui YanNeural Networks · Zhejiang University of Science and Technology · Zhejiang University of Technology
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  39. 2021
    Continuous learning of spiking networks trained with local rulesDmitry Antonov, Kirill Sviatov, Sergey SukhovNeural Networks · Kotelnikov Institute of Radioengineering and Electronics of the Russian Academy of Sciences · Ulyanovsk State Technical University
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  40. 2021
    Online Lifelong Generalized Zero-Shot LearningChandan Gautam, Sethupathy Parameswaran, Ashish Mishra, Suresh SundaramNeural Networks · Agency for Science, Technology and Research · Institute for Infocomm Research · +2
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  41. 2022
    Return of the normal distribution: Flexible deep continual learning with variational auto-encodersYongwon Hong, Martin Mundt, Sungho Park … Hyeran ByunNeural Networks · Yonsei University · Technische Universität Darmstadt · +1
  42. 2022
    Continual Object Detection: A review of definitions, strategies, and challengesAngelo Garangau Menezes, Gustavo de Moura, Cézanne Alves, André C. P. L. F. de CarvalhoNeural Networks
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  43. 2022
    Continual Pre-Training Mitigates Forgetting in Language and VisionAndrea Cossu, Tinne Tuytelaars, Antonio Carta … Davide BacciuNeural Networks
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  44. 2022
    Generative Negative Replay for Continual LearningGabriele Graffieti, Davide Maltoni, Lorenzo Pellegrini, Vincenzo LomonacoNeural Networks
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  45. 2021
    Lifelong 3D Object Recognition and Grasp Synthesis Using Dual Memory Recurrent Self-Organization NetworksKrishnakumar Santhakumar, Hamidreza KasaeiNeural Networks · University of Groningen
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  46. 2021
    Deep Bayesian Unsupervised Lifelong LearningTingting Zhao, Zifeng Wang, Aria Masoomi, Jennifer DyNeural Networks · Bryant University · Bryan College · +1
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  47. 2021
    Structured Ensembles: an Approach to Reduce the Memory Footprint of Ensemble MethodsJary Pomponi, Simone Scardapane, Aurelio UnciniNeural Networks · Sapienza University of Rome
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  48. 2021
    Schematic Memory Persistence and Transience for Efficient and Robust Continual LearningYuyang Gao, Giorgio A. Ascoli, Liang ZhaoNeural Networks · Emory University · George Mason University · +2
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  49. 2021
    Continual Learning for Recurrent Neural Networks: an Empirical EvaluationAndrea Cossu, Antonio Carta, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuNeural Networks · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore · +1
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  50. 2020
    A Comprehensive Study of Class Incremental Learning Algorithms for Visual TasksEden Belouadah, Adrian Popescu, Ioannis KanellosNeural Networks · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Université Paris-Saclay · +2
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About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.