Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

50 papers of 8,653Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    Hyperspherical semantic compensation of vision-language models for continual learningHongsheng Zhang, Zhong Ji, Chen Tang, Yanwei PangKnowledge-Based Systems · Tianjin University · Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence · +1
  2. 2026
    Continual learning via dynamic expandable task-specific and general representationsQihe Liu, yongcheng zhong, Fei Ye … ShiJie ZhouKnowledge-Based Systems · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · University of York
  3. 2026
    Counterfactual distribution intervention for few-shot class-incremental learningJicheng Yuan, Wenfa Li, Lusi Li … Xin NingKnowledge-Based Systems · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Semiconductors · +2
  4. 2026
    KTR: Structure-aware replay for continual learning on hypergraphsYanxin Hu, Zhenzhen Xie, Junjie Pang, Chao ChengKnowledge-Based Systems · Changchun University of Science and Technology · Changchun University · +3
  5. 2026
    Eliciting CLIP's intrinsic attribute knowledge through a dual-cache guided mechanism for class-incremental learningShengcheng Ye, Ziyi Wang, Yaomin Huang … Guixu ZhangKnowledge-Based Systems · East China Normal University
  6. 2026
    Adaptive drift aware continual learning with pool-based model reuse for time series applicationsDanlei Li, Mingyu Fan, Nirmal‐Kumar C. Nair, Kevin I‐Kai WangKnowledge-Based Systems · University of Auckland
  7. 2026
    CC-GFRT: Class Correlation-based Granular Feature Refinement and Transfer for Non-Exemplar Class Incremental LearningR. S. Gao, Zongyong Deng, Yue Yang, Qijun ZhaoKnowledge-Based Systems · Sichuan University · Sino Biological (China)
  8. 2026
    Dynamic expansion orthogonal network for class-incremental learningMingda Dong, Zhizhong Zhang, Xin Tan … Yuan XieKnowledge-Based Systems · East China Normal University · Shandong Provincial QianFoShan Hospital · +1
  9. 2026
    Few-shot class-incremental learning based on prompt guidance and multimodal fusionHaoming Fang, Haonan Cai, Keming Mao … Xinlu XiaoKnowledge-Based Systems · Northeastern University · China Mobile (China)
  10. 2025
    Learning dynamic representations via an optimally-weighted maximum mean discrepancy optimization framework for continual learningKaihui Huang, Runqing Wu, Jinhui Shen … Fei YeKnowledge-Based Systems · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · Huazhong University of Science and Technology · +2
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  11. 2026
    BEWC: Bridging stability-plasticity tradeoff in molecular property prediction for continual learningSakshi Ranjan, Ritesh Sharma, Vishakha Singh, Sanjay Kumar SinghKnowledge-Based Systems
  12. 2025
    HMEN: A hybrid modular network with dynamic expansion for continual learningZiye Fang, Bo Wan, Shangqi Guo, Jian K. LiuKnowledge-Based Systems · Xidian University · Human Computer Interaction (Switzerland) · +2
  13. 2025
    FedMTL: Adaptive multi-teacher knowledge distillation for federated continual learningLeiming Chen, Dehai Zhao, Yongbiao Gao … Chee Wei TanKnowledge-Based Systems · Jining University · China University of Petroleum, East China · +5
  14. 2024
    REAL: Representation Enhanced Analytic Learning for Exemplar-free Class-incremental LearningRun He, Di Fang, Yizhu Chen … Huiping ZhuangKnowledge-Based Systems · South China University of Technology · Hong Kong Polytechnic University
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  15. 2025
    Multi-modality integrated class incremental learning networks for 3D object recognitionYufei Zhang, Dongyun Lin, Xiao Zhang … Huiping ZhuangKnowledge-Based Systems · Nanyang Technological University · Wuyi University · +4
  16. 2025
    PSCD: Synergistic optimization of parameter sharing and chain distillation for plasticity-stability balance in continual learningHaijie Jiang, Suhang Wei, Xiang Feng, Huiqun YuKnowledge-Based Systems · East China University of Science and Technology
  17. 2025
    STCKGE: Continual knowledge graph embedding based on spatial transformationXinyan Wang, Jinshuo Liu, Kaijian Xie … Jeff Z. PanKnowledge-Based Systems · Wuhan University of Technology · Wuhan University · +1
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  18. 2025
    Fed-GCC: Global classifier consensus for conventional/task-free federated class-incremental learningDianqi Liu, Liang Bai, Yanming Guo … Tianyuan YuKnowledge-Based Systems · National University of Defense Technology · Samsung (United Kingdom)
  19. 2025
    MoTE: Mixture of task-specific experts for pre-trained model-based Class-incremental learningLinjie Li, Zhenyu Wu, Yang JiKnowledge-Based Systems · Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications · Ministry of Education
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  20. 2025
    RACE: Robust adaptive and clustering elimination for noisy labels in continual learningYang Xiaolong, Guangda Lai, Dan Meng … Xin YangKnowledge-Based Systems · Southwestern University of Finance and Economics
  21. 2025
    Online task-free continual learning via discrepancy mechanismFei Ye, Adrian G. BorşKnowledge-Based Systems · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · University of York
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  22. 2025
    Enhancing task incremental continual learning: integrating prompt-based feature selection with pre-trained vision-language modelLie Yang, Haohan Yang, Xiangkun He … Chen LvKnowledge-Based Systems · Nanyang Technological University
  23. 2025
    TSPT: Two-Step Prompt Tuning for class-incremental novel class discoveryJie An, Zhenbang Du, Herui Zhang, Dongrui WuKnowledge-Based Systems · Huazhong University of Science and Technology
  24. 2025
    Effective Generative Replay with Strong Memory for Continual LearningJing Yang, Xinyu Zhou, Yao He … Changfu ZhangKnowledge-Based Systems · Guizhou University · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · +2
  25. 2025
    Boundary-aware Prototype Augmentation and Dual-level Knowledge Distillation for Non-Exemplar Class-Incremental HashingQinghang Su, Dayan Wu, Bo LiKnowledge-Based Systems · Aerospace Information Research Institute · Institute of Information Engineering · +2
  26. 2023
    Class-wise federated unlearning: Harnessing active forgetting with teacher-student memory generationYuyuan Li, Jiaming Zhang, Yixiu Liu, Chaochao ChenKnowledge-Based Systems · Hangzhou Dianzi University · Zhejiang University of Science and Technology
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  27. 2025
    FeNeC: Enhancing Continual Learning via Feature Clustering with Neighbor- or Logit-Based ClassificationKamil Książek, Hubert Jastrzebski, Krzysztof Pniaczek … Jacek TaborKnowledge-Based Systems
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  28. 2025
    BEFM: A balanced and efficient fine-tuning model in class-incremental learningLize Liu, Jian Ji, Lei ZhaoKnowledge-Based Systems · Xidian University
  29. 2025
    A Bi-level Alternating Meta-learning for Recurring Concept on Evolving Data Streams Instructions for TypingJian–wei Liu, Si-Si Zhang, Zhong-Lin BaoKnowledge-Based Systems · China University of Petroleum, Beijing
  30. 2025
    Bidirectional domain transfer knowledge distillation for catastrophic forgetting in federated learning with heterogeneous dataQi Min, Fei Luo, Wenbo Dong … Weichao DingKnowledge-Based Systems · East China University of Science and Technology
  31. 2025
    Knowledge-guided prompt-based continual learning: Aligning task-prompts through contrastive hard negativesHengyang Lu, Lauren Lin, Chenyou Fan … Xiao‐Jun WuKnowledge-Based Systems · Jiangnan University · South China Normal University
  32. 2025
    Information-Theoretic Dual Memory System for Continual LearningRunQing Wu, Kaihui Huang, Hanyi Zhang … Fei YeKnowledge-Based Systems
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  33. 2024
    Multi-LoRA continual learning based instruction tuning framework for universal information extractionYu Jin, Jie Liu, Shaowei ChenKnowledge-Based Systems · Ministry of Education
  34. 2024PDF ↗
  35. 2024
    Sharpness-aware gradient guidance for few-shot class-incremental learningRunhang Chen, Xiao‐Yuan Jing, Fei Wu, Hao ChenKnowledge-Based Systems · PLA Information Engineering University · Wuhan University · +2
  36. 2024
    Adaptive tree-like neural network: Overcoming catastrophic forgetting to classify streaming data with concept driftsYimin Wen, Xiang Liu, Hang YuKnowledge-Based Systems · Guilin University of Electronic Technology · Shanghai University · +1
  37. 2023
    Learning to complement: Relation complementation network for few-shot class-incremental learningYe Wang, Yaxiong Wang, Guoshuai Zhao, Xueming QianKnowledge-Based Systems · Hefei University of Technology · Xi'an Jiaotong University · +1
  38. 2023
    Semantic alignment with self-supervision for class incremental learningZhiling Fu, Zhe Wang, Xinlei Xu … Weichao DingKnowledge-Based Systems · East China University of Science and Technology
  39. 2022
    Online Attentive Kernel-Based Temporal Difference LearningXingguo Chen, Guang Yang, Shangdong Yang … Yang GaoKnowledge-Based Systems · Beijing Technology and Business University · Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications · +3
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  40. 2023
    Multi-feature space similarity supplement for few-shot class incremental learningXinlei Xu, Saisai Niu, Zhe Wang … Hai YangKnowledge-Based Systems · East China University of Science and Technology · China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
  41. 2022
    LLEDA - Lifelong Self-Supervised Domain AdaptationMamatha Thota, Dewei Yi, Georgios LeontidisKnowledge-Based Systems
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  42. 2022
    Hierarchical Correlations Replay for Continual LearningQiang Wang, Jiayi Liu, Zhong Ji … Zhongfei ZhangKnowledge-Based Systems · Tianjin University · Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology · +1
  43. 2022
    Continual learning classification method with the weighted k-nearest neighbor rule for time-varying data space based on the artificial immune systemDong Li, Ming Gu, Shulin Liu … Kun QianKnowledge-Based Systems · Changzhou University · Shanghai University
  44. 2021
    Coordinating Experience Replay: A Harmonious Experience Retention approach for Continual LearningZhong Ji, Jiayi Liu, Qiang Wang, Zhongfei ZhangKnowledge-Based Systems · Tianjin University · State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics · +1
  45. 2021
    FILDNE: A Framework for Incremental Learning of Dynamic Networks EmbeddingsPiotr Bielak, Kamil Tagowski, Maciej Falkiewicz … Nitesh V. ChawlaKnowledge-Based Systems · Wrocław University of Science and Technology · AGH University of Krakow · +1
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  46. 2021
    Continual learning via inter-task synaptic mappingFubing Mao, Weiwei Weng, Mahardhika Pratama, Edward K.Y. YappKnowledge-Based Systems · Nanyang Technological University · Huazhong University of Science and Technology · +1
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  47. 2021
    Continual learning classification method with constant-sized memory cells based on the artificial immune systemDong Li, Shulin Liu, Furong Gao, Xin SunKnowledge-Based Systems · Hong Kong University of Science and Technology · Changzhou University · +1
  48. 2020
    Incremental learning based multi-domain adaptation for object detectionXing Wei, Shaofan Liu, Yaoci Xiang … Yang LuKnowledge-Based Systems · Hefei University of Technology
  49. 2020
    Incremental learning model inspired in Rehearsal for deep convolutional networksDavid A. Muñoz, Camilo Narváez, Carlos Cobos … Francisco HerreraKnowledge-Based Systems · University of Cauca · Universidad de Granada · +1
  50. 2020
    Incremental learning imbalanced data streams with concept drift: The dynamic updated ensemble algorithmLi Zeng, Wenchao Huang, Yan Xiong … Tuanfei ZhuKnowledge-Based Systems · University of Science and Technology of China · Zhejiang Gongshang University · +1
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.