Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

79 papers of 8,653 · showing 1–50Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2025
    Partitioned Memory Storage Inspired Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningYimin Yin, Wanxia Deng, Jing Zhang … Jinghua ZhangEntropy · Hunan Normal University · Hunan First Normal University · +3
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  2. 2026
    Multimodal Deepfake Detection with Quantum State Inspired Analytic Incremental Adaptability LearningJianbin Ye, Man Xiao, Bo Liu … Huaimin Wang2026 International Conference on Multimedia Retrieval · National University of Defense Technology
  3. 2026
    AFCL-CSC: Asynchronous Federated Continual Learning with Client-Server Cooperative optimizationDairao He, Weidong Bao, Ji Wang … Chengrong DongDisplays · National University of Defense Technology · PLA Rocket Force University of Engineering
  4. 2026
    Aligning Geometry Representation and Initialization in Class-Incremental Semantic SegmentationZhi Lin, Yueliang Pan, Feng Ming, Kele XuICASSP · National University of Defense Technology
  5. 2026
    We Need a More Robust Classifier: Dual Causal Learning Empowers Domain-Incremental Time Series ClassificationZhipeng Liu, Peibo Duan, Xuan Tang … Binwu WangACM Web Conference 2026 · Northeastern University · Xi'an Jiaotong University · +2
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  6. 2026
    KSS-MoE: Knowledge Space Synergy Framework in Mixture of Experts for Continual Visual Instruction TuningLingyun Song, Ziyao Chen, Kang Pan … Xuequn ShangAAAI · Northwestern Polytechnical University · San Francisco Bay University · +1
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  7. 2026
    PAL: Prompting Analytic Learning with Missing Modality for Multi-Modal Class-Incremental LearningXianghu Yue, Yiming Chen, Xueyi Zhang … Haizhou LiPattern Recognition · Tianjin University · National University of Singapore · +4
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  8. 2026
    Rep Deep & Machine Learning: Exemplar-Free Continual Video Action Recognition via Slow-Fast Collaborative LearningXueyi Zhang, Jianhua Zhang, Zheng Li … Huiping ZhuangAAAI · Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · +4
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  9. 2026
    CEFCIL: Comprehensive Ensemble Framework for Exemplar-Free Class Incremental LearningWei Liu, Cheng Zhu, Fan Wu … Q. LiuBig Data Mining and Analytics · National University of Defense Technology · Central South University
  10. 2026
    Adaptive Affinity Memorization With Layer Mutation for Multimodal Deepfake Continual DetectionMan Xiao, Jianbin Ye, Bo Liu … Kele XuIEEE Transactions · National University of Defense Technology · Hunan Normal University · +1
  11. 2025
    Towards understanding memory buffer based continual learningGuodong Zheng, Peng Wang, Tao Sun, Li ShenNeural Networks · Huazhong University of Science and Technology · Sun Yat-sen University · +1
  12. 2025
    Adapt Regionally: Semantic-Aware Adaptation for Class-Incremental Semantic SegmentationZhi LinInternational Conference on Virtual Reality and Visualiza… · National University of Defense Technology
  13. 2026
    Rethinking Obscured Sub-Optimality in Analytic Learning for Exemplar-Free Class-Incremental LearningZijian Gao, Kele Xu, Xingxing Zhang … Huaimin WangIEEE TCSVT · National University of Defense Technology · Tsinghua University · +1
  14. 2025
    CDFFCIL: Comprehensive Framework for Data-Free Federated Class-Incremental LearningWei Liu, Zhaoyun Ding, Lailong Luo … Cheng ZhuInternational Conference on Big Data and Information Anal… · National University of Defense Technology
  15. 2025
    Hyperbolic Prompt Learning for Incremental Event Detection with LLMsXiujin Zhang, Wenxin Jin, Haotian Hong … Li SunCIKM · North China Electric Power University · Anhui University of Science and Technology · +2
  16. 2025
    TMEA: Task-Modularized Evolutionary Aggregation for Federated Continual LearningPan Wang, Gao Mt, Quan Wen … Yaohong ZhangInternational Conference on Big Data and Information Anal… · National University of Defense Technology
  17. 2025
    Pursuing Better Representations: Balancing Discriminability and Transferability for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningQi Li, Wei Wang, Hui Fan … Fei WenJournal of Imaging · National University of Defense Technology · Central South University of Forestry and Technology · +2
  18. 2025
    Gaussian-Augmented Prototypical Network for Class-Incremental Few-Shot Relation ClassificationChenxi Hu, Yifan Hu, Yunxiang Zhao … Yangyi HuACM Transactions · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Beijing Radiation Center · +3
  19. 2025
    Analytic Synaptic Dynamic Scaling Balancer for Multimodal Deepfake Continual DetectionMan Xiao, Jianbin Ye, Bo Liu … Xiaodong WangACM International Conference on Multimedia · National University of Defense Technology · Academy of Military Medical Sciences
  20. 2025
    Generalization-Preserved Learning: Closing the Backdoor to Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Deepfake DetectionXi Zhang, Peiyin Zhu, Chengwei Zhang … Yanming GuoICCV · National University of Defense Technology · National University of Singapore · +4
  21. 2025
    DPP-CL: orthogonal subspace continual learning for dialogue policy planningYue Han, Rong Jiang, Yinxuan Huang … Weihong HanWorld Wide Web · National University of Defense Technology · Peng Cheng Laboratory
  22. 2025
    Enhancing long-term memory in federated class continual learning with lightweight adaptersPan Wang, Wang Ji, Zhengyi Zhong … Jianguo ChenNeurocomputing · National University of Defense Technology · Sun Yat-sen University
  23. 2026
    NI-SSCL: A Neuroplasticity-Inspired Method for Semisupervised Continual LearningGuanglei Xie, Yi Sun, Xin Xu … Xiaochang HuIEEE TCDS · National University of Defense Technology · PLA Academy of Military Science · +3
  24. 2025
    Model Rectification With Simultaneous Incremental Feature and Partial Label SetXijia Tang, Chao Xu, Chenping HouTPAMI · National University of Defense Technology
  25. 2025
    Max-Informative Unlabeled Sample Replay for Semi-Supervised Class-Incremental Learning in Audio ClassificationQiang Wang, Ao Shen, Dawei Feng … Huaimin WangIEEE International Conference on Joint Cloud Computing (JCC) · National University of Defense Technology
  26. 2025
    Fed-GCC: Global classifier consensus for conventional/task-free federated class-incremental learningDianqi Liu, Liang Bai, Yanming Guo … Tianyuan YuKnowledge-Based Systems · National University of Defense Technology · Samsung (United Kingdom)
  27. 2025
    Continual Defense Against Evolving Jailbreaks: A Multi-Agent Adversarial Framework with Linear Gating MoEQianqiao Xu, Feng LiuInternational Conference on Artificial Intelligence, Big… · National University of Defense Technology
  28. 2025
    Knowledge Memorization and Rumination for Pre-trained Model-based Class-Incremental LearningZijian Gao, Wangwang Jia, Xingxing Zhang … Huaimin WangCVPR · National University of Defense Technology · Tsinghua University
  29. 2025
    Federated Class-Incremental Learning: A SurveyXuefeng Zhu, Liang Bai, Yirun RuanICML · National University of Defense Technology
  30. 2025
    SacFL: Self-Adaptive Federated Continual Learning for Resource-Constrained End DevicesZhengyi Zhong, Weidong Bao, Ji Wang … Wei Yang Bryan LimTNNLS · National University of Defense Technology · Sun Yat-sen University · +2
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  31. 2025
    Memory replay with unlabeled data for semi-supervised class-incremental learning via temporal consistencyQiang Wang, Kele Xu, Dawei Feng … Huaimin WangFrontiers of Computer Science · National University of Defense Technology
  32. 2025
    Maintaining Fairness in Logit-based Knowledge Distillation for Class-Incremental LearningZijian Gao, Shanhao Han, Xingxing Zhang … Huaimin WangAAAI · National University of Defense Technology · Tsinghua University
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  33. 2025
    Adapt and Feature Translation for Class-Incremental Learning with Pre-Trained ModelsHongfeng Li, Geming Xia, Yuze Zhang … Jiawen WuICASSP · National University of Defense Technology
  34. 2025
    A Continual Knowledge Graph Embedding Method Based on Local-Global DistillationXiangjun Shi, Chong Mu, Ling Tian … Jingxuan WangInternational Symposium on Big Data and Applied Statistic… · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · PLA Information Engineering University · +1
  35. 2023
    Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning for Classification and Object Detection: A SurveyJinghua Zhang, Li Liu, Olli Sílven … Dewen HuTPAMI · National University of Defense Technology · University of Oulu
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  36. 2025
    CMoA: Contrastive Mixture of Adapters for Generalized Few-Shot Continual LearningYawen Cui, Jian Zhao, Zitong Yu … Xuelong LiIEEE Trans. Multimedia · University of Oulu · China Telecom (China) · +6
  37. 2025
    Correlation-Based Knowledge Distillation in Exemplar-Free Class-Incremental LearningZijian Gao, Bo Liu, Kele Xu … Huaimin WangIEEE Open Journal of the Computer Society · National University of Defense Technology · Academy of Military Medical Sciences
  38. 2025
    Hippocampal-like Sequential Editing for Continual Knowledge Updates in Large Language ModelsQuntian Fang, Zhen Huang, Zhiliang Tian … Guotong GengNeurIPS · National University of Defense Technology · United States Department of Defense · +1
  39. 2024
    A Continual learning approach based on Gaussian process modelZhaoyang Wen, Chaoyun Yao, Liuhao Sheng … Jiabao CuiInternational Conference on Robotics, Intelligent Control… · National University of Defense Technology
  40. 2023
    Contrastive Continual Multiview Clustering With Filtered Structural FusionXinhang Wan, Jiyuan Liu, Hao Yu … En ZhuTNNLS · National University of Defense Technology · Harbin University of Science and Technology
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  41. 2024
    Regularized Continual Learning for Large-Scale Language Models via ProbingXingshen Song, Tianxiang Ren, Jinsheng DengSpringer LNCS · National University of Defense Technology
  42. 2024
    Evaluation on parameter-efficient continual instruction tuning of large language modelsTianXiang Ren, Xingshen Song, JiangYong Shi … Cao JiHaoFifth International Conference on Control, Robotics, and… · National University of Defense Technology
  43. 2024
    MMAL: Multi-Modal Analytic Learning for Exemplar-Free Audio-Visual Class Incremental TasksXianghu Yue, Xueyi Zhang, Yiming Chen … Haizhou LiACM International Conference on Multimedia · National University of Singapore · National University of Defense Technology · +5
  44. 2024
    Unleashing the Class-Incremental Learning Potential of Foundation Models by Virtual Feature Generation and ReplayTianci Xun, Zhong Zheng, Yulin He … Weiwei ZhengSpringer LNCS · National University of Defense Technology
  45. 2024
    A Class-Incremental Learning Method for Interactive Event Detection via Interaction, Contrast and DistillationJiashun Duan, Xin ZhangApplied Sciences · National University of Defense Technology
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  46. 2024
    StaRS: Learning a Stable Representation Space for Continual Relation ClassificationNing Pang, Xiang Zhao, Weixin Zeng … Weidong XiaoTNNLS · National University of Defense Technology
  47. 2024
    FineFMPL: Fine-grained Feature Mining Prompt Learning for Few-Shot Class Incremental LearningLuoxi Jing, Dianxi Shi, Zhe Liu … Jianqiang XiaIJCAI · Peking University · Intelligent Decision Systems (Spain) · +3
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  48. 2024
    Joint Input and Output Coordination for Class-Incremental LearningRuidong Fan, Xiao Ouyang, Tingjin Luo … Chenping HouIJCAI · National University of Defense Technology · Wuhan University · +3
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  49. 2024
    Less confidence, less forgetting: Learning with a humbler teacher in exemplar-free Class-Incremental learningZijian Gao, Kele Xu, Huiping Zhuang … Huaimin WangNeural Networks · National University of Defense Technology · South China University of Technology · +2
  50. 2024
    DRAM-like Architecture with Asynchronous Refreshing for Continual Relation ExtractionTianci Bu, Kang Ae Yang, Wenchuan Yang … Xin LüACM Web Conference 2024 · National University of Defense Technology · Renmin University of China
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.