Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

188 papers of 8,653 · showing 1–50Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2025
    PrePrompt: Predictive Prompting for Class Incremental LearningLibo Huang, Xiangqi Li, Jiarui Zhao … Yongjun XuKDD · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Computing Technology · +2
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  2. 2026
    Counterfactual distribution intervention for few-shot class-incremental learningJicheng Yuan, Wenfa Li, Lusi Li … Xin NingKnowledge-Based Systems · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Semiconductors · +2
  3. 2026
    ComAdPro: compositional learning with prototype adaptation for logo few-shot class-incremental recognition (ChinaMM 2025)Jianxin Zhan, 陈文泰, Sujuan Hou, Weiqing MinMultimedia Systems · Shandong Normal University · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +1
  4. 2024
    Elastic Multi-Gradient Descent for Parallel Continual LearningFan Lyu, Wei Feng, Yuepan Li … Liang WangTPAMI · Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona · Tianjin University · +2
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  5. 2026
    AdaEvol: Dynamic Adapter Merging for Effective Continual Learning and Knowledge Transfer in Large Language ModelsR X Liu, Min Yu, Jianguo Jiang … Ming LiuICASSP · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Information Engineering · +2
  6. 2026
    PDR-FSCIL: prompt decoupling regularization with an optimized classifier for few-shot class-incremental learningMeilan Hao, Yiren Cai, Y. Gu … Deepak Kumar JainThe Journal of Supercomputing · Hebei University of Engineering · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +3
  7. 2026
    GAIN: Global-Atomic INteraction Graph for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningFan Lyu, Linglan Zhao, Changli Liu … Liang WangIEEE TCSVT · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Automation · +6
  8. 2026
    A Unified Knowledge Management Framework for Continual Learning and Machine Unlearning in Large Language ModelsJiaqi Lang, Linjing Li, Dajun ZengInformation · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Automation · +1
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  9. 2026
    Learning From Each Other: Generalized Federated Incremental Semantic SegmentationJiahua Dong, Wenqi Liang, Yang Cong … Luc Van GoolTPAMI · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence · Shenyang Institute of Automation · +5
  10. 2026
    Prompt grouping for rehearsal-free continual learningYiping Meng, Chen Li, Renchun Gong, Shengsheng QianMultimedia Systems · Tianjin University of Science and Technology · Tianjin University of Technology · +7
  11. 2026
    CAKGE: Context-Aware Adaptive Learning for Dynamic Knowledge Graph EmbeddingsZongsheng Cao, Qianqian Xu, Zhiyong Yang … Qingming HuangTPAMI · ShangHai JiAi Genetics & IVF Institute · Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory · +3
  12. 2026
    Emotion-augmented continual learning for empathic robot behaviorYuxuan Zhao, Tongwei Zhang, Siqi Liu … Wei WuExpert Systems with Applications · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Shandong Institute of Automation · +3
  13. 2024
    Experimental demonstration of quantum continual learning with superconducting qubitsChuanyu Zhang, Zhide Lu, Liangtian Zhao … Chao Songnpj Quantum Information · Zhejiang University · ShangHai JiAi Genetics & IVF Institute · +7
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  14. 2026
    PASs-MoE: Mitigating Misaligned Co-drift among Router and Experts via Pathway Activation Subspaces for Continual LearningZhiyan Hou, Haiyun Guo, Haokai Ma … Jinqiao WangACL · Chinese Academy of Sciences · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · +2
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  15. 2026
    Reinforcement Learning with Semantic Rewards Enables Low-Resource Language Expansion without Alignment TaxZeli Su, Ziyin Zhang, Zhou Liu … Wentao ZhangACL · Minzu University of China · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · +4
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  16. 2026
    Type-Balanced Contextual Learning for Incremental Named Entity RecognitionDuzhen Zhang, Yahan Yu, Xiuyi Chen … Dong YuIEEE TAI · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence · Kyoto University · +2
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  17. 2025
    Active Semi-supervised Continual Learning for Robotic Object RecognitionSangzhou Xia, Xiangli Nie, Peng WangSpringer LNCS · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Automation · +1
  18. 2025
    R2A2-MoE: Ridge Regression-Based Analytic Adaptation with Mixture of Experts for Continual Learning with Vision-Language ModelsM. X. Liu, Quan Fang, Junyu Gao, Yang YangSpringer LNCS · Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +2
  19. 2025
    THMM-CLIP: Task-Guided Hierarchical Multi-Modal Alignment for Rehearsal-Free Class Incremental LearningYingdong Pan, Zhaoquan Yuan, Xiao Wu … Changsheng XuACM Transactions · Southwest Jiaotong University · Nanjing University of Science and Technology · +2
  20. 2026
    Mitigating Catastrophic Forgetting in Online Continual Learning With Dual-Margin Contrastive ReplayFan Lyu, Gongbo Cheng, Daofeng Liu … Liang WangIEEE TCSVT · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Automation · +2
  21. 2025
    Swin-NSPT: Null-Space Prompt Tuning for Continual Learning in Swin TransformersYunjie Han, Hui Li, Zhengmin Jiang … Jianxing LiuIEEE 6th International Conference on Computer, Big Data,… · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology · +5
  22. 2026
    Rethinking Class-Incremental Learning from a Dynamic Imbalanced Learning PerspectiveLeyuan Wang, Liuyu Xiang, Yunlong Wang … Zhaofeng HeIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +2
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  23. 2025
    FAGR: Feature-Action Generative Replay for Robot Lifelong Imitation LearningYushi Yang, Xiangli Nie, Chang LiuRA-L · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Automation · +2
  24. 2023
    Adversarial Robust Memory-Based Continual LearnerXiaoyue Mi, Fan Tang, Zonghan Yang … Yang LiuICCV · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Computing Technology · +1
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  25. 2025
    Progressive Homeostatic and Plastic Prompt Tuning for Audio-Visual Multi-Task Incremental LearningJiong Yin, Li Li, Jiehua Zhang … Xichun ShengICCV · Hangzhou Dianzi University · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +3
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  26. 2025
    Overcoming Dual Drift for Continual Long-Tailed Visual Question AnsweringFeifei Zhang, Zhihao Wang, Xi Zhang, Changsheng XuICCV · Tianjin University of Technology · Alibaba Group (United States) · +1
  27. 2025
    Feature Decomposition-Recomposition in Large Vision-Language Model for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningZongyao Xue, Meina Kan, Shiguang Shan, Xilin ChenICCV · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Computing Technology
  28. 2024
    Federated Class-Incremental Learning with New-Class Augmented Self-DistillationZhiyuan Wu, Tianliu He, Sheng Sun … Xuefeng JiangJournal of Computer Science and Technology · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Computing Technology · +2
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  29. 2025
    CD^2: Constrained Dataset Distillation for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningKexin Bao, Daichi Zhang, Hansong Zhang … Shiming GeIJCAI · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Information Engineering · +1
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  30. 2026
    Class-Specific Knowledge-Guided Multimodal Prompt Tuning for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningFangying Xiong, Zhaoquan Yuan, Xiao Wu, Changsheng XuIEEE TCSVT · Southwest Jiaotong University · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +1
  31. 2025
    C3GAN: A brain-inspired memory consolidation for class-incremental learningLin Xiong, Tao Wang, Fuqing Zhang … Hailing XiongNeural Networks · Southwest University · Chongqing Jiaotong University · +2
  32. 2025
    CKCA-Det: class knowledge constraint-adaption for incremental few shot object detectionZongyan An, Zhongbi Chen, Jianlin Zhang, Meihui LiInternational Conference on Image, Signal Processing, and… · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Optics and Electronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences
  33. 2025
    BiCon : Bi-Branch Network with Contour-Enhanced Features for Class Incremental LearningFengcheng Zeng, Qiming Yang, Heng Shu … Chenghao HuIJCNN · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Software · +2
  34. 2025
    FedPTR: Enhancing Federated Prompt Learning with Server-Side Retraining for Non-IID DataYufeng Chen, Min Liu, Sheng Sun, Zhongcheng LiIJCNN · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +1
  35. 2025
    Synthetic Data is an Elegant GIFT for Continual Vision-Language ModelsWu Bin, Wuxuan Shi, Jinqiao Wang, Mang YeCVPR · Wuhan University · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +1
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  36. 2024
    Multi-Granularity Class Prototype Topology Distillation for Class-Incremental Source-Free Unsupervised Domain AdaptationPeihua Deng, Jiehua Zhang, Xichun Sheng … L. LiCVPR · Hangzhou Dianzi University · Xi'an Jiaotong University · +4
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  37. 2025
    CKDF-V2: Effectively Alleviating Representation Shift for Continual Learning With Small MemoryKunchi Li, Hongyang Chen, Jun Wan, Shan YuTNNLS · Xiamen University of Technology · Zhejiang Lab · +2
  38. 2025
    Prompt-Enhanced: Leveraging language representation for prompt continual learning.Wei Li, D. M. Li, Shitong Shao … Zhen LeiNeural Networks · Southeast University · Duke Kunshan University · +2
  39. 2025
    FreewayML: An Adaptive and Stable Streaming Learning Framework for Dynamic Data StreamsZheng Qin, Zheheng Liang, Lijie Xu … Wei WangICDE · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Software · +3
  40. 2024
    PASS++: A Dual Bias Reduction Framework for Non-Exemplar Class-Incremental LearningFei Zhu, Xu-Yao Zhang, Zhen Cheng, Cheng‐Lin LiuTPAMI · Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +1
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  41. 2023
    Low-redundancy distillation for continual learningRuiqi Liu, Boyu Diao, Libo Huang … Yongjun XuPattern Recognition · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Computing Technology · +1
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  42. 2025
    Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning via Asymmetric Supervised Contrastive LearningDuo Liu, Linglan Zhao, Zhongqiang Zhang … Liang WangIEEE TCSVT · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Tencent (China) · +4
  43. 2025
    Pseudo Informative Episode Construction for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningChaofan Chen, Xiaoshan Yang, Changsheng XuAAAI · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence · +1
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  44. 2025
    Learning Temporal Event Knowledge for Continual Social Event ClassificationShengsheng Qian, Shengjie Zhang, Dizhan Xue … Changsheng XuTKDE · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Automation · +2
  45. 2024
    Dynamic Object Queries for Transformer-based Incremental Object DetectionJichuan Zhang, Wei Li, Shuang Cheng … Shengjin WangICASSP · Tsinghua University · Chinese Academy of Sciences
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  46. 2024
    IOR: Inversed Objects Replay for Incremental Object DetectionZijia An, Boyu Diao, Libo Huang … Yongjun XuICASSP · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Computing Technology
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  47. 2025
    Compression and restoration: exploring elasticity in continual test-time adaptationJingwei Li, Chengbao Liu, Xiwei Bai … Yu WangMachine Learning · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Shandong Institute of Automation · +2
  48. 2025
    Prompt-based learning for few-shot class-incremental learningJicheng Yuan, Hang Chen, Songsong Tian … Yugui ZhangAlexandria Engineering Journal · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Semiconductors · +3
  49. 2025
    Meta-weighted Prototype Contrastive Rehearsal for Online Continual LearningSangzhou Xia, Yushi Yang, Xiangli Nie, Muyao CaiIEEE 17th International Conference on Computer Research a… · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Automation
  50. 2025
    Knowledge fusion distillation and gradient-based data distillation for class-incremental learningLin Xiong, Xin Guan, Hailing Xiong … Fuqing ZhangNeurocomputing · Southwest University · Chongqing Jiaotong University · +2
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.