Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

1,846 papers of 8,653 · showing 1–50Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2025PDF ↗
  2. 2025
    The AI Hippocampus: How Far are We From Human Memory?Zixia Jia, Jiaqi Li, Yipeng Kang … Song-Chun ZhuTMLR
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  3. 2025
    Nested Learning: The Illusion of Deep Learning ArchitecturesAli Behrouz, Meisam Razaviyayn, Peilin Zhong, Vahab MirrokniNeurIPS
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  4. 2025
    Continual Learning for Streaming Data with Dynamic Memory Allocation and Drift-Aware RehearsalYan Lu, Alessandro RossiInternational Journal of Computational and Biological Sci… · University of Toronto
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  5. 2025
    End-to-End Test-Time Training for Long ContextArnuv Tandon, Karan Dalal, Xinhao Li … Yu SunarXiv
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  6. 2025
    HMEN: A hybrid modular network with dynamic expansion for continual learningZiye Fang, Bo Wan, Shangqi Guo, Jian K. LiuKnowledge-Based Systems · Xidian University · Human Computer Interaction (Switzerland) · +2
  7. 2025
    The World Is Bigger! A Computationally-Embedded Perspective on the Big World HypothesisAlex Lewandowski, Adtiya A. Ramesh, Edan Meyer … Marlos C. MachadoNeurIPS
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  8. 2025PDF ↗
  9. 2025
    OCCA-SNN: Online Class-Center Anchoring with Alignment for Spiking Neural Networks in Class-Incremental LearningKe Hu, Liangsheng Wen, Tingting Zhang … Hao ZhangInternational Conference on Cognitive and Intelligent Tec… · China Mobile (China)
  10. 2025
    Adaptive Anomaly Detection for Non-Stationary Time-Series: A Continual Learning Framework with Dynamic Distribution MonitoringYingxin Ou, Sumeng Huang, Feiyang Wang … Yingyi ShuInternational Conference on Electronic Information Engine… · University of Maryland, College Park · Georgia Institute of Technology · +2
  11. 2025
    FedMTL: Adaptive multi-teacher knowledge distillation for federated continual learningLeiming Chen, Dehai Zhao, Yongbiao Gao … Chee Wei TanKnowledge-Based Systems · Jining University · China University of Petroleum, East China · +5
  12. 2025
    LibContinual: A Comprehensive Library towards Realistic Continual LearningWenbin Li, Shangge Liu, Borui Kang … Jiebo LuoarXiv
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  13. 2025PDF ↗
  14. 2025
    Scalable Class-Incremental Learning Based on Parametric Neural CollapseChuangxin Zhang, Guangfeng Lin, Enhui Zhao … Yajun ChenarXiv
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  15. 2025
    EdgeTail: Mitigating Long-Tail Visual Problems in Continual Learning at EdgeYuzhong Ouyang, Xiaoning Wu, Menglin Yang … Ying GuoACM Trans. Internet Things
  16. 2025PDF ↗
  17. 2025
    Mitigating bias in Few Shot Class Incremental Learning with Feature Augmentation and Logits Mix-upKrishna Kumar Singh, K. Hima BinduJournal of Visual Communication and Image Representation · National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh
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  21. 2025
    Mitigating Forgetting in Low Rank AdaptationJoanna Sliwa, Frank Schneider, Philipp Hennig, José Miguel Hernández-LobatoarXiv
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  22. 2025
    Adapt Regionally: Semantic-Aware Adaptation for Class-Incremental Semantic SegmentationZhi LinInternational Conference on Virtual Reality and Visualiza… · National University of Defense Technology
  23. 2025
    CGDRL: Continual Gait Distillation Reinforcement LearningZonghao Zhang, Peng Zhai, Hu Zhou … Li-Hua ZhangInternational Conference on Virtual Reality and Visualiza…
  24. 2025
    Knowledge Consolidation via Balanced Coreset Construction in Continual LearningTung Anh Tran, Danilo Vasconcellos VargasInternational Conference on Robotics and Artificial Intel… · Kyushu University
  25. 2025PDF ↗
  26. 2025
    Self-evolving cognitive substrates through metabolic data processing and recursive self-representation with autonomous memory prioritization mechanismsMohammadreza NehzatiFrontiers · University of Tennessee Medical Center · University of Tennessee at Knoxville
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  27. 2025
    Adaptation of Agentic AIPengcheng Jiang, Jiacheng Lin, Shi, Zhiyi … Jiawei HanarXiv
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  28. 2025
    THMM-CLIP: Task-Guided Hierarchical Multi-Modal Alignment for Rehearsal-Free Class Incremental LearningYingdong Pan, Zhaoquan Yuan, Xiao Wu … Changsheng XuACM Transactions · Southwest Jiaotong University · Nanjing University of Science and Technology · +2
  29. 2025
    A study on data-free knowledge distillation for non-IID problems in federated continual learningJiahao Yang, Xilong Wang, Weili Wu, Tianlong HuoEighth International Conference on Artificial Intelligenc… · Xi’an University of Posts and Telecommunications · Institute of Computing Technology
  30. 2025PDF ↗
  31. 2025
    Navigating the Reality Gap: On-Device Continual Adaptation of ASR for Clinical TelephonyDarshil Chauhan, Adityasinh Solanki, Vansh Patel … Dhruv KumararXiv
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  32. 2025
    Sequencing to Mitigate Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual LearningHesham G. Moussa, Aroosa Hameed, Arashmid AkhavainarXiv
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  33. 2025
    Contextual Memory Recall: A Novel Metric for Class Incremental LearningS. Balasubramanian, Sai Subramaniam M, Talasu Sai Sriram … Ravi MukkamalaSixteen Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics an… · Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning · Old Dominion University
  34. 2025
    SCoDA: Self-supervised Continual Domain AdaptationChirayu Agrawal, Snehasis MukherjeeIndian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics & Image Pr… · Shiv Nadar University
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  35. 2025
    Sharing the Learned Knowledge-base to Estimate Convolutional Filter Parameters for Continual Image RestorationAupendu Kar, Krishnendu Ghosh, Prabir Kumar BiswasSixteen Indian Conference on Computer Vision, Graphics an… · Dolby (Netherlands) · Dolby (United States) · +1
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  36. 2025
    Temporal Boosting for Incremental Tree-based Learning on Tabular DataRahul Gupta, P. Pote, Bhanupriya Pegu … C. MerzACM IKDD Conference on Data Science
  37. 2025
    Out-of-Distribution Detection for Continual Learning: Design Principles and BenchmarkingSrishti Gupta, Riccardo Balia, D. Angioni … B. BiggioarXiv
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  38. 2025
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  40. 2025
    Prototype Replay: Memory-Efficient Continual Learning via Class-Conditioned CentroidsElham Karam Serria, Mishal Fatima Minhas, Falah AwwadInternational Conference on Microelectronics (ICM) · United Arab Emirates University
  41. 2025
    CALM: Continual Associative Learning Model via Sparse Distributed MemoryAndrey Nechesov, Janne RuponenTechnologies · Novosibirsk State University
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  42. 2025
    Open Horizons: Evaluating Deep Models in the WildAyush Vaibhav Bhatti, Deniz Karakay, D. Das … Yuito SugimotoarXiv
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  43. 2025PDF ↗
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  45. 2025
    Bridging Streaming Continual Learning via In-Context Large Tabular ModelsLourenço, Afonso, Gama, João, Xing, Eric P., Marreiros, GoretiAAAI
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  46. 2025
    Adaptive Store-and-Recall Memory for Domain Continual LearningShutian Zhang, Chang Li, Guoren WangInternational Conference on Big Data and Data Mining (BDDM) · Beijing Institute of Technology
  47. 2025
    Grow Up and Merge: Scaling Strategies for Efficient Language AdaptationKevin Glocker, Kätriin Kukk, Romina Oji … Kunz, JennyarXiv
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  48. 2025
    Prompt-Driven Bit Extension Hashing for Continual Cross-Modal RetrievalWenhao Liu, Tianshi Wang, Fengling Li … Lei ZhuIEEE TCSVT · Shandong Normal University · Tongji University · +2
  49. 2025PDF ↗
  50. 2025
    Imbalance Data Handling using Class Incremental Learning with Knowledge Distillation and Rehearsal LearningHidayaturrahman, Setiawan Joddy, Indra PrawiraInternational Seminar on Research of Information Technolo… · Binus University
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. By default it shows the papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or written by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times. The rest are one click away under “All papers”. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.