Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

90 papers of 8,653 · showing 1–50Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    Recent Advances of Multimodal Continual Learning: A Comprehensive SurveyDianzhi Yu, Xinni Zhang, Yankai Chen … Irwin KingTNNLS · Chinese University of Hong Kong · Tsinghua University · +1
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  2. 2026
    Class-Incremental Cloud-Device Collaborative Adaptation With Contrastive Learning in Dynamic Changing EnvironmentsYushi Zeng, Haopeng Ren, Yi Cai … Qing LiTNNLS · South China University of Technology · Guangzhou University · +3
  3. 2026
    CAFF-CIL: Causality-Aware Freedom Forgetting Approach for Class-Incremental Learning.Xinyu Zhou, Jing Yang, Xiaoli Ruan … Zhidong SuTNNLS · Guizhou University · National Institute of Measurement and Testing Technology · +1
  4. 2026
  5. 2026
    Bamboo: A Novel Session-Aware Framework With Equiangular Tight Frame Prototypes for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningXinrong Lu, Zhe Wang, Zhiling Fu … Wenli DuTNNLS · East China University of Science and Technology · Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China
  6. 2026
    An Intrinsically Knowledge-Transferring Developmental Spiking Neural Network for Tactile ClassificationJiaqi Xing, Wei Li, Zezheng Zhang … Zhibin ZhangTNNLS · Uppsala University · Qatar University
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  7. 2026
    Recurrent Network Expansion for Class Incremental LearningKai Jiang, Xueru Bai, Feng ZhouTNNLS · Xidian University
  8. 2025
    Lifelong Active Inference of Gait ControlRudolf J. Szadkowski, J. FaiglTNNLS
  9. 2025
    Training a Dynamic Growing Mixture Model for Lifelong LearningFei Ye, Adrian G. BorşTNNLS · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · University of York
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  10. 2025
    CKDF-V2: Effectively Alleviating Representation Shift for Continual Learning With Small MemoryKunchi Li, Hongyang Chen, Jun Wan, Shan YuTNNLS · Xiamen University of Technology · Zhejiang Lab · +2
  11. 2025
    SacFL: Self-Adaptive Federated Continual Learning for Resource-Constrained End DevicesZhengyi Zhong, Weidong Bao, Ji Wang … Wei Yang Bryan LimTNNLS · National University of Defense Technology · Sun Yat-sen University · +2
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  12. 2025
    Bias to Balance: New-Knowledge-Preferred Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning via Transition CalibrationHongquan Zhang, Zhizhong Zhang, Xin Tan … Yuan XieTNNLS · East China Normal University · Xiamen University
  13. 2025
    SGB-Net: Scalable Graph Broad NetworkYuebin Xu, C. L. Philip Chen, Mengqi Wu, Tong ZhangTNNLS · South China University of Technology
  14. 2025
    CoLeCLIP: Open-Domain Continual Learning via Joint Task Prompt and Vocabulary LearningYukun Li, Guansong Pang, Wei Suo … Peng WangTNNLS · Northwestern Polytechnical University · Singapore Management University · +2
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  15. 2022
    Unveiling the Tapestry: The Interplay of Generalization and Forgetting in Continual LearningZenglin Shi, Jie Jing, Ying Sun … Mengmi ZhangTNNLS · Nanyang Technological University · Agency for Science, Technology and Research
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  16. 2025
    BFCP: Pursue Better Forward Compatibility Pretraining for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningZhiling Fu, Zhe Wang, Xinlei Xu … Wenli DuTNNLS · Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China · East China University of Science and Technology
  17. 2025
    HPCR: Holistic Proxy-Based Contrastive Replay for Online Continual LearningHuiwei Lin, Shanshan Feng, Baoquan Zhang … Yunming YeTNNLS · Harbin Institute of Technology · Agency for Science, Technology and Research · +1
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  18. 2025
    Branch-Tuning: Balancing Stability and Plasticity for Continual Self-Supervised LearningWenzhuo Liu, Fei Zhu, Cheng‐Lin LiuTNNLS · Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · +1
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  19. 2025
    Contrastive Continual Multiview Clustering With Filtered Structural FusionXinhang Wan, Jiyuan Liu, Hao Yu … En ZhuTNNLS · National University of Defense Technology · Harbin University of Science and Technology
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  20. 2025
    A Survey on Knowledge Editing of Neural NetworksVittorio Mazzia, Alessandro Pedrani, Andrea Caciolai … Davide BernardiTNNLS · Amazon (United States)
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  21. 2025
    Continual Learning With Knowledge Distillation: A SurveySongze Li, Tonghua Su, Xu-Yao Zhang, Zhongjie WangTNNLS · Harbin Institute of Technology · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +1
  22. 2025
    Wake-Sleep Consolidated LearningAmelia Sorrenti, Giovanni Bellitto, Federica Proietto Salanitri … Concetto SpampinatoTNNLS · University of Catania
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  23. 2022
    Exploring the Intersection Between Neural Architecture Search and Continual LearningMohamed Shahawy, Elhadj Benkhelifa, David WhiteTNNLS · University of Staffordshire
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  24. 2025
    Brain-Inspired Fast- and Slow-Update Prompt Tuning for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningHang Ran, Xingyu Gao, Lusi Li … Xin NingTNNLS · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Semiconductors · +3
  25. 2025
    SynapNet: A Complementary Learning System Inspired Algorithm With Real-Time Application in Multimodal PerceptionNilay Kushawaha, Lorenzo Fruzzetti, Enrico Donato, Egidio FaloticoTNNLS · Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna
  26. 2025
    StaRS: Learning a Stable Representation Space for Continual Relation ClassificationNing Pang, Xiang Zhao, Weixin Zeng … Weidong XiaoTNNLS · National University of Defense Technology
  27. 2025
    Double Confidence Calibration Focused Distillation for Task-Incremental LearningZhiling Fu, Zhe Wang, Cheng‐Wei Yu … Dongdong LiTNNLS · East China University of Science and Technology
  28. 2025
    Few-Shot Continual Learning via Flat-to-Wide ApproachesM. Anwar Ma’sum, Mahardhika Pratama, Edwin Lughofer … Ryszard KowalczykTNNLS · University of South Australia · Johannes Kepler University of Linz
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  29. 2025
    Multiagent Continual Coordination via Progressive Task ContextualizationLei Yuan, Lihe Li, Ziqian Zhang … Yang YuTNNLS · Nanjing University
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  30. 2025
    Continual Learning With Unknown Task BoundaryXiaoxie Zhu, Jinfeng Yi, Lijun ZhangTNNLS · Nanjing University
  31. 2025
    DyCR: A Dynamic Clustering and Recovering Network for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningZicheng Pan, Xiaohan Yu, Miaohua Zhang … Yongsheng GaoTNNLS · Griffith University · Macquarie University · +2
  32. 2025
    Adaptive Synaptic Scaling in Spiking Networks for Continual Learning and Enhanced RobustnessMingkun Xu, Faqiang Liu, Yifan Hu … Lei DengTNNLS · Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Technology · Tsinghua University · +2
  33. 2025
    Dual Balanced Class-Incremental Learning With im-Softmax and Angular RectificationRuicong Zhi, Yicheng Meng, Junyi Hou, Jun WanTNNLS · University of Science and Technology Beijing · National University of Singapore · +4
  34. 2022
    Learning to Predict Gradients for Semi-Supervised Continual LearningYan Luo, Yongkang Wong, Mohan Kankanhalli, Qi ZhaoTNNLS · University of Minnesota · Harvard University · +2
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  35. 2024
    Physics-Informed Explainable Continual Learning on GraphsCiyuan Peng, Tao Tang, Qiuyang Yin … Charų C. AggarwalTNNLS · Federation University · Anshan Normal University · +1
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  36. 2025
    Imbalance Mitigation for Continual Learning via Knowledge Decoupling and Dual Enhanced Contrastive LearningZhong Ji, Zhanyu Jiao, Qiang Wang … Jungong HanTNNLS · Tianjin University · Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence · +2
  37. 2021
    Tuned Compositional Feature Replays for Efficient Stream LearningMorgan B. Talbot, Rushikesh Zawar, Rohil Badkundri … Gabriel KreimanTNNLS · Boston Children's Hospital · Harvard–MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology · +6
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  38. 2022
    AdaptCL: Adaptive Continual Learning for Tackling Heterogeneity in Sequential DatasetsYuqing Zhao, Divya Saxena, Jiannong CaoTNNLS · Hong Kong Polytechnic University
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  39. 2025
    Lifelong-MonoDepth: Lifelong Learning for Multidomain Monocular Metric Depth EstimationJunjie Hu, Chenyou Fan, Liguang Zhou … Tin Lun LamTNNLS · Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen · South China Normal University · +2
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  40. 2024
    Online Active Continual Learning for Robotic Lifelong Object RecognitionXiangli Nie, Zhiguang Deng, Mingdong He … Zheng TangTNNLS · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence · +5
  41. 2024
    Optimal Adaptive Tracking Control of Partially Uncertain Nonlinear Discrete-Time Systems Using Lifelong Hybrid LearningBehzad Farzanegan, Rohollah Moghadam, S. Jagannathan, N. PappaTNNLS · Missouri University of Science and Technology · California State University, Sacramento · +2
  42. 2024
    Ricci Curvature-Based Graph Sparsification for Continual Graph Representation LearningXikun Zhang, Dongjin Song, Dacheng TaoTNNLS · The University of Sydney · University of Connecticut
  43. 2024
    Lifelong Learning With Cycle Memory NetworksJian Peng, Dingqi Ye, Bo Tang … Haifeng LiTNNLS · Shanghai Zhangjiang Laboratory · Tsinghua University · +5
  44. 2024
    Overcoming Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Learning by Exploring Eigenvalues of Hessian MatrixYajing Kong, Liu Liu, Huanhuan Chen … Dacheng TaoTNNLS · The University of Sydney · University of Science and Technology of China · +2
  45. 2024
    Lifelong Generative Adversarial AutoencoderFei Ye, Adrian G. BorşTNNLS · University of York
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  46. 2024
    Efficient Bayesian Policy Reuse With a Scalable Observation Model in Deep Reinforcement LearningJinmei Liu, Zhi Wang, Chunlin Chen, Daoyi DongTNNLS · Nanjing University · University of Canberra · +1
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  47. 2024
    Dynamics-Adaptive Continual Reinforcement Learning via Progressive ContextualizationTiantian Zhang, Zichuan Lin, Yuxing Wang … Xiu LiTNNLS · Tencent (China) · Tsinghua University · +1
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  48. 2024
    Uncertainty-Aware Distillation for Semi-Supervised Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningYawen Cui, Wanxia Deng, Haoyu Chen, Li LiuTNNLS · University of Oulu · National University of Defense Technology
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  49. 2024
    Class-Incremental Learning Method With Fast Update and High Retainability Based on Broad Learning SystemJie Du, Peng Liu, Chi‐Man Vong … C. L. Philip ChenTNNLS · Shenzhen University Health Science Center · University of Macau · +2
  50. 2021
    Continual Learning of Generative Models With Limited Data: From Wasserstein-1 Barycenter to Adaptive CoalescenceMehmet Dedeoğlu, Sen Lin, Zhaofeng Zhang, Junshan ZhangTNNLS · Arizona State University · The Ohio State University · +1
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About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. By default it shows the papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or written by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times. The rest are one click away under “All papers”. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.