Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

46 papers of 8,653Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    Cross-Sample Relational Fusion: Unifying Domain Generalization and Class-Incremental LearningZhenghe Xie, Yan Wang, Hao Sun … Da-Wei ZhouIEEE Trans. Multimedia
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  2. 2026
    PIC-CMH: Efficient Prompt-Infused Continual Cross-Modal HashingFengling Li, Wenhao Liu, Tianshi Wang … Xiaojun ChangIEEE Trans. Multimedia · University of Technology Sydney · Shandong Normal University · +1
  3. 2026
    Generalizable and Adaptive Continual Learning Framework for AI-Generated Image DetectionHanyi Wang, Jun Lan, Yaoyu Kang … Shilin WangIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Shanghai Jiao Tong University
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  4. 2026
    Constructing Enhanced Mutual Information for Online Class-Incremental LearningHuan Zhang, Fan Lyu, Shenghua Fan … Dingwen WangIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Wuhan University · Institute of Automation
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  5. 2026
    DesCLIP: Robust Continual Learning via General Attribute Descriptions for VLM-Based Visual RecognitionChiyuan He, Zihuan Qiu, Fanman Meng … Hui LiIEEE Trans. Multimedia · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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  6. 2026
    Toward Bidirectional Adaptability for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning With Forward-Backward Knowledge TransferBingzhi Chen, Zhiming Chen, Sudong Cai … Shengli XieIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Beijing Institute of Technology · Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology · +2
  7. 2026
    Alleviating Regional Shortcuts for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningHaichen Zhou, Lyu Y, Yixiong Zou … Yuhua LiIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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  8. 2026
    Continual Learning Via Gradient-Regularized Based Dynamic Expansion ModelFei Ye, yongcheng zhong, Qihe Liu … ShiJie ZhouIEEE Trans. Multimedia · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · University of York
  9. 2026
    DCFD-FFCL:Decoupling Causal Effects and Feature Drift for Freedom-Forgetting Continual LearningJing Yang, Qinglang Li, Xinyu Zhou … Michael NegnevitskyIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Guizhou University · University of Tasmania
  10. 2026
    Debiased Hypernetworks Are Generative Class-Incremental LearnersShaofan Wang, Pengli Guo, Weixing Wang … Baocai YinIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Beijing University of Technology
  11. 2026
    Topology-Evolving Semantic Adaptation for Few-Shot Class-Incremental Action RecognitionXingyu Zhu, Binqian Xu, Jiachao Zhang … Xiangbo ShuIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Nanjing University of Science and Technology · Nanjing Institute of Technology · +1
  12. 2025
    Feature Dispersion Adaptation With Pre-Pooling Prototype for Continual Image ClassificationWuxuan Shi, Mang Ye, Wei Yu, Bo DuIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Wuhan University
  13. 2025
    Rethinking Class-Incremental Learning from a Dynamic Imbalanced Learning PerspectiveLeyuan Wang, Liuyu Xiang, Yunlong Wang … Zhaofeng HeIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +2
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  14. 2025
    Distribution-aware Forgetting Compensation for Exemplar-Free Lifelong Person Re-identificationShiben Liu, Huijie Fan, Qiang Wang … Liang-Qiong QuIEEE Trans. Multimedia
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  15. 2025
    CMoA: Contrastive Mixture of Adapters for Generalized Few-Shot Continual LearningYawen Cui, Jian Zhao, Zitong Yu … Xuelong LiIEEE Trans. Multimedia · University of Oulu · China Telecom (China) · +6
  16. 2025
    Source-Free Elastic Model Adaptation for Vision-and-Language NavigationMingkui Tan, Peihao Chen, Hongyan Zhi … Runhao ZengIEEE Trans. Multimedia · South China University of Technology · Tencent (China) · +4
  17. 2025
    Class Incremental Learning for Image Classification With Out-of-Distribution Task IdentificationXusheng Cao, Haori Lu, Xialei Liu, Ming‐Ming ChengIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Nankai University
  18. 2025
    Visual Class Incremental Learning With Textual Priors Guidance Based on an Adapted Vision-Language ModelWentao Zhang, Tong Yu, Ruixuan Wang … Xiaobo YangIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Sun Yat-sen University · Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine · +1
  19. 2025
    Analogical Augmentation and Significance Analysis for Online Task-Free Continual LearningSonglin Dong, Yingjie Chen, Yuhang He … Yihong GongIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Xi'an Jiaotong University · Nanyang Technological University
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  20. 2025
    Plug-In Open-Set Cross-Modal HashingBowen Wang, Lei Zhu, Fengling Li … Jingjing LiIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Tongji University · University of Technology Sydney · +3
  21. 2025
    SVSRD: Spatial Visual and Statistical Relation Distillation for Class-Incremental Semantic SegmentationYuyang Chang, Yifan Jiao, Bing‐Kun BaoIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications
  22. 2025
    Distribution-Level Memory Recall for Continual Learning: Preserving Knowledge and Avoiding ConfusionShaoxu Cheng, Kanglei Geng, Chiyuan He … Hongliang LiIEEE Trans. Multimedia · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
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  23. 2025
    Dual-Attention Transformers for Class-Incremental Learning: A Tale of Two MemoriesShaofan Wang, Weixing Wang, Yanfeng Sun … Baocai YinIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Beijing University of Technology · The University of Sydney
  24. 2025
    Self-Reflection Neural Network for Class-Incremental Object CountingShengqin Jiang, Linfei Li, Fengna Cheng … Qingshan LiuIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology · Nanjing Forestry University · +2
  25. 2025
    WI3D: Weakly Incremental 3D Detection via Vision Foundation ModelsMingsheng Li, Sijin Chen, Shengji Tang … Tao ChenIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Fudan University · Agency for Science, Technology and Research · +2
  26. 2024
    Memory-Enhanced Confidence Calibration for Class-Incremental Unsupervised Domain AdaptationJiaping Yu, Muli Yang, Aming Wu, Cheng DengIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Xidian University · Agency for Science, Technology and Research · +1
  27. 2024
    Continual All-in-One Adverse Weather Removal With Knowledge Replay on a Unified Network StructureDe Cheng, Yanling Ji, Dong Gong … Dingwen ZhangIEEE Trans. Multimedia
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  28. 2021
    Relational Experience Replay: Continual Learning by Adaptively Tuning Task-Wise RelationshipQuanziang Wang, Renzhen Wang, Yuexiang Li … Deyu MengIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Xi'an Jiaotong University · Tencent (China) · +1
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  29. 2024
    Modeling Inner- and Cross-Task Contrastive Relations for Continual Image ClassificationYuxuan Luo, Runmin Cong, Xialei Liu … Sam KwongIEEE Trans. Multimedia · City University of Hong Kong · Shandong University · +1
  30. 2024
    Spatiotemporal Orthogonal Projection Capsule Network for Incremental Few-Shot Action RecognitionYangbo Feng, Junyu Gao, Changsheng XuIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Tianjin University of Technology · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +5
  31. 2024
    InfoUCL: Learning Informative Representations for Unsupervised Continual LearningLiang Zhang, Jiangwei Zhao, Qingbo Wu … Hongliang LiIEEE Trans. Multimedia · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
  32. 2024
    Camera-Incremental Object Re-Identification With Identity Knowledge EvolutionHantao Yao, Jifei Luo, Lu Yu, Changsheng XuIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Institute of Automation · +2
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  33. 2024
    Visual-Textual Attribute Learning for Class-Incremental Facial Expression RecognitionYuanling Lv, Guangyu Huang, Yan Yan … Hanzi WangIEEE Trans. Multimedia
  34. 2023
    Rethinking Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning With Open-Set Hypothesis in Hyperbolic GeometryYawen Cui, Zitong Yu, Wei Peng … Li LiuIEEE Trans. Multimedia · University of Oulu · Great Bay University · +3
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  35. 2023
    Cross-Modal Alternating Learning With Task-Aware Representations for Continual LearningWujin Li, Bin-Bin Gao, Bizhong Xia … Feng ZhengIEEE Trans. Multimedia · University Town of Shenzhen · Tsinghua University · +2
  36. 2023
    Gradient-Semantic Compensation for Incremental Semantic SegmentationWei Wei Cong, Yang Cong, Jiahua Dong … Henghui DingIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Shenyang Institute of Automation · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +3
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  37. 2023
    Multi-Label Continual Learning Using Augmented Graph Convolutional NetworkKaile Du, Fan Lyu, Linyan Li … Hanjing ChengIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Suzhou University of Science and Technology · Southeast University · +2
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  38. 2023
    Few-Shot Class-Incremental Audio Classification Using Dynamically Expanded Classifier With Self-Attention Modified PrototypesYanxiong Li, Wenchang Cao, Wei Xie … Emmanouil BenetosIEEE Trans. Multimedia · South China University of Technology · Queen Mary University of London
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  39. 2023PDF ↗
  40. 2022
    Lifelong Fine-Grained Image RetrievalWei Chen, Haoyang Xu, Nan Pu … Michael S. LewIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Xidian University · Leiden University · +2
  41. 2022
    Uncertainty-Guided Semi-Supervised Few-Shot Class-Incremental Learning With Knowledge DistillationYawen Cui, Wanxia Deng, Xin Xu … Li LiuIEEE Trans. Multimedia · University of Oulu · National University of Defense Technology
  42. 2022
    LIQA: Lifelong Blind Image Quality AssessmentJianzhao Liu, Wei Zhou, Xin Li … Zhibo ChenIEEE Trans. Multimedia · University of Science and Technology of China
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  43. 2022
    Continual Attentive Fusion for Incremental Learning in Semantic SegmentationGuanglei Yang, Enrico Fini, Dan Xu … Elisa RicciIEEE Trans. Multimedia · University of Trento · Harbin Institute of Technology · +5
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  44. 2021
    Deep Continual Learning for Emerging Emotion RecognitionSelvarajah Thuseethan, Sutharshan Rajasegarar, John YearwoodIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka · Deakin University
  45. 2021
    Feature Estimations Based Correlation Distillation for Incremental Image RetrievalWei Chen, Yu Liu, Nan Pu … Michael S. LewIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Leiden University · Dalian University of Technology · +1
  46. 2020
    Real-world Cross-modal Retrieval via Sequential LearningGe Song, Xiaoyang TanIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Ministry of Industry and Information Technology · Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. By default it shows the papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or written by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times. The rest are one click away under “All papers”. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.