Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

95 papers of 8,653 · showing 1–50Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    Enhancing Random Forest Using Genetic Algorithm for Lifelong Machine LearningTahira Salwa Rabbi Nishat, Shaibal Barua, Mobyen Uddin Ahmed, Shahina BegumIEEE Access
  2. 2026
    Continual Test-Time Adaptation via Low-Frequency ModulationBoyuan Zhang, Jie Pan, Shuai Yang, Lichuan GuIEEE Access · Anhui Agricultural University · Anhui University
  3. 2026
    Deep Generative Replay-Based Personalization With Conditional Latent Attention for Diffusion ModelsHaruka Matsuda, Ren Togo, Keisuke Maeda … Miki HaseyamaIEEE Access · Hokkaido University
  4. 2026
    Learning Discriminative Prompts for Continual Image RestorationPeijun Zhao, Tongjun Wang, Wei Wang … Songnan ChenIEEE Access · Xinyang Agriculture and Forestry University · Ningxia University · +1
  5. 2026
    Same Methods, Different Rankings: Trainable Depth as an Evaluation Variable in Continual LearningPaul-Tiberiu Iordache, Elena Burceanu, Mihai DascăluIEEE Access · University of Science and Technology · Universitatea Națională de Știință și Tehnologie Politehnica București
  6. 2026
    Semi-Supervised 3-D Point Cloud Semantic Segmentation Using Multiscale Graph Attention and Class-Incremental LearningH. Ye, Wei Guo, Liang Ma … Jiahao MaIEEE Access · Qingdao Huanghai University · Namseoul University · +4
  7. 2026
    TILES: Transformer-Based Incremental Learning for Expanding SegmenterHejer Ammar, Saad Lahlali, Romaric AudigierIEEE Access · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies
  8. 2026
    Unsupervised Continual Learning: A Review of Challenges, Techniques, and Evaluation MetricsHang Ruan, Tomás Maul, Yifan Chen … Man ZhouIEEE Access · University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus · Huazhong University of Science and Technology
  9. 2026
  10. 2026
  11. 2025
    Gradient-Free Continual LearningGrzegorz RypeśćIEEE Access
    PDF ↗
  12. 2022
    MEIL-NeRF: Memory-Efficient Incremental Learning of Neural Radiance FieldsJaeyoung Chung, K. Lee, Sungyong Baik, Kyoung Mu LeeIEEE Access · Seoul National University · Hanyang University
    PDF ↗
  13. 2025
    A Novel Approach to Continual Knowledge Transfer in Multilingual Neural Machine Translation Using Autoregressive and Non-Autoregressive Models for Indic LanguagesShailashree K Sheshadri, Deepa Gupta, Biswajit Paul, J Siva BhavaniIEEE Access · Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham · Centre for Artificial Intelligence and Robotics
  14. 2025
    Few-Shot Incremental Learning With Context-Aware Spatial Enhancement for Image RecognitionHeng Wu, Ze Yang, Zijun Zheng … Wansong WangIEEE Access · Hangzhou Vocational and Technical College · China Mobile (China) · +4
  15. 2025
  16. 2025
    Enhancing Task-Incremental Learning via a Prompt-Based Hybrid Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs)-Vision Transformer (ViT) FrameworkZuomin Yang, Anis Salwa Mohd Khairuddin, Joon Huang Chuah … Qiyuan QinIEEE Access · University of Malaya
  17. 2025
    Measuring Catastrophic Forgetting in Cross-Lingual Classification: Transfer Paradigms and Tuning StrategiesBoshko Koloski, Blaž Škrlj, Marko Robnik‐Šikonja, Senja PollakIEEE Access · Jožef Stefan Institute · University of Ljubljana
  18. 2025
    Causal Intervention-Based Multimodal Class-Incremental Learning Network for 3D Model Classification and RetrievalQiang Li, Qiu-Yang Ma, Ning Zhang, Weizhi NieIEEE Access · Tianjin University · Renmin University of China
  19. 2021
    Continual Learning With Quasi-Newton MethodsSteven Vander Eeckt, Hugo Van hammeIEEE Access · KU Leuven
    PDF ↗
  20. 2025
    A Hybrid Neuromorphic Framework With Dual-Mode Memory and Adaptive Synaptic PlasticityEmir Husain, Padma JayaramanIEEE Access · Vellore Institute of Technology University
  21. 2025
    Dual Passive-Aggressive Stacking k-Nearest Neighbors for Class-Incremental Multi-Label Stream ClassificationHaiming Tan, Chu Kiong Loo, Woo Chaw SengIEEE Access · University of Malaya
  22. 2025
    IC4Net: Decentralized Communication for Continual Multi-Agent LearningMartín González Soto, Manuel Fernández‐Veiga, Rebeca P. Dı́az Redondo … Ana Fernández VilasIEEE Access · Universidade de Vigo · Centro Tecnolóxico de Telecomunicacións de Galicia
  23. 2025
    Neuro-Mimetic Developmental Architecture for Continual Learning Through Self-Organizing Multimodal Perception CoordinationFarhan Dawood, Naoki Masuyama, Chu Kiong LooIEEE Access · Iqra University · Osaka Metropolitan University · +1
  24. 2025
    Mitigating Class Confusion in Class-Incremental Semantic SegmentationNayoung Ko, Gyeong-Hyeon Kim, Eunwoo KimIEEE Access · Chung-Ang University
  25. 2025
    Opportunistic Dynamic Architecture for Class-Incremental LearningFahrurrozi Rahman, Andrea Rosales Sanabria, Juan YeIEEE Access · University of St Andrews
  26. 2025
    S2IL: Structurally Stable Incremental LearningS. Balasubramanian, P Yedu Krishna, Talasu Sai Sriram … Ravi MukkamalaIEEE Access · Sri Sathya Sai Institute of Higher Learning · Old Dominion University
    PDF ↗
  27. 2025
    Sample Selection Methods for Federated Continual Learning in a Time Series ContextSelim İckin, Xiaoyu Lan, Милена Ангелова … Veselka BoevaIEEE Access · Ericsson (Sweden) · Blekinge Institute of Technology
    PDF ↗
  28. 2025
    SLFD: Spatial Location-Aware Feature Distillation for Incremental Object DetectionYanyan Shi, Yang Chen, Xinye Yu … Xiaokai XiaIEEE Access · China Electronics Technology Group Corporation · Peking University · +1
  29. 2025
    Variance-Covariance Regularization Improves Continual LearningPiotr Hondra, Daniel Marczak, Kamil Rafał DejaIEEE Access · Warsaw University of Technology
  30. 2025
  31. 2025
    Joint Class and Domain Continual Learning for Decentralized Federated ProcessesChiara Lanza, T. Tuytelaars, M. Miozzo … P. DiniIEEE Access
  32. 2025
    Back and Forward Incremental Learning Through Knowledge Distillation for Object Detection Unmanned Aerial VehiclesQazi Mazhar Ul Haq, S. Amin, Nandhagopal Chandrasekaran … Yi-Jheng HuangIEEE Access
  33. 2024
    Multi-Level Foreground Prompt for Incremental Object DetectionJianwen Mo, Ronghua Zou, Hua YuanIEEE Access · Guilin University of Electronic Technology
  34. 2024
    Studying Forgetting in Faster R-CNN for Online Object Detection: Analysis Scenarios, Localization in the Architecture, and MitigationBaptiste Wagner, Denis Pellerin, Sylvain HuetIEEE Access · Institut polytechnique de Grenoble · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · +1
    PDF ↗
  35. 2024
    Continual Learning With Neuromorphic Computing: Foundations, Methods, and Emerging ApplicationsMishal Fatima Minhas, Rachmad Vidya Wicaksana Putra, Falah R. Awwad … Muhammad ShafiqueIEEE Access
    PDF ↗
  36. 2024
    Brain-Inspired Continual Learning: Robust Feature Distillation and Re-Consolidation for Class Incremental LearningHikmat Khan, Nidhal Bouaynaya, Ghulam RasoolIEEE Access · Rowan University · Moffitt Cancer Center
  37. 2024
    Fine-Tuning of Distil-BERT for Continual Learning in Text Classification: An Experimental AnalysisSahar Shah, Sara Manzoni, Farooq Zaman … Italo ZoppisIEEE Access · University of Milano-Bicocca · Information Technology University · +2
    PDF ↗
  38. 2024
    Privacy-Preserving Continual Federated Clustering via Adaptive Resonance TheoryNaoki Masuyama, Yusuke Nojima, Yuichiro Toda … Naoyuki KubotaIEEE Access · Osaka Metropolitan University · Okayama University · +3
    PDF ↗
  39. 2024PDF ↗
  40. 2024
    Adversary Aware Continual LearningMuhammad Umer, Robi PolikarIEEE Access · Fairleigh Dickinson University · Rowan University
    PDF ↗
  41. 2024
    MixER: Mixup-Based Experience Replay for Online Class-Incremental LearningWon-Seon Lim, Yu Zhou, Dae‐Won Kim, Jaesung LeeIEEE Access · Chung-Ang University · Shenzhen University
    PDF ↗
  42. 2024
    Multi-Label Lifelong Machine Learning: A Scoping Review of Algorithms, Techniques, and ApplicationsMohammed Awal Kassim, Herna L. Viktor, Wojtek MichalowskiIEEE Access · University of Ottawa
  43. 2024
    Robust and Adaptive Incremental Learning for Varying Feature SpaceCheol Ho Kim, Jung-Hoon Lee, Hawon Shin, Ock Kee BaekIEEE Access · Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute · University of California, Irvine
  44. 2024
    Class Incremental Learning With Large Domain ShiftKamin Lee, Hyoeun Kim, Geunjae Choi … Nojun KwakIEEE Access · Seoul National University of Science and Technology · LG (South Korea)
  45. 2024
    Continual Learning for Object Classification: Integrating AutoML for Binary Classification Tasks Within a Modular Dynamic ArchitectureDaniel Z. Turner, Pedro J. S. Cardoso, João M. F. RodriguesIEEE Access · University of Algarve
  46. 2024
  47. 2024
    Investigating Catastrophic Forgetting of Deep Learning Models Within Office 31 DatasetHidayaturrahman Hidayaturrahman, Agung Triestyarso, Iman Herwidiana Kartowisastro, Widodo BudihartoIEEE Access · Binus University
  48. 2024
    Memory-Efficient Continual Learning Object Segmentation for Long VideosAmir Nazemi, Mohammad Javad Shafiee, Zahra Gharaee, Paul FieguthIEEE Access · University of Waterloo
    PDF ↗
  49. 2024
  50. 2024
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. By default it shows the papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or written by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times. The rest are one click away under “All papers”. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.