Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

77 papers of 8,653 · showing 1–50Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026PDF ↗
  2. 2026PDF ↗
  3. 2026
    Put the Space of LoRA Initialization to the Extreme to Preserve Pre-trained KnowledgePengwei Tang, Xiaolin Hu, Yong Liu … Debing ZhangAAAI · Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence · Ministry of Education · +3
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  4. 2026
    Decomposing the Neurons: Activation Sparsity via Mixture of Experts for Continual Test Time AdaptationRongyu Zhang, Aosong Cheng, Y. Luo … Yuan DuAAAI · Hong Kong Polytechnic University · Peking University · +3
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  5. 2026
    BOFA: Bridge-Layer Orthogonal Low-Rank Fusion for CLIP-Based Class-Incremental LearningLan Li, Tao Hu, Da-Wei Zhou … De-Chuan ZhanAAAI · Nanjing University
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  6. 2026
    MoETTA: Test-Time Adaptation Under Mixed Distribution Shifts with MoE-LayerNormXiao Fan, Jingyan Jiang, Zhaoru Chen … Zhi WangAAAI · University Town of Shenzhen · Shenzhen Technology University · +1
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  7. 2026
    Lifelong Language-Conditioned Robotic Manipulation LearningXudong Wang, Zebin Han, Zhiyu Liu … Zhi HanAAAI · Shenyang Institute of Automation · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence
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  8. 2026
    SAMCL: Empowering SAM to Continually Learn from Dynamic Domains with Extreme Storage EfficiencyZeqing Wang, Kangye Ji, Di Wang … Fei ChengAAAI · Xidian University · National University of Singapore
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  9. 2026
    ARTEM: Enhancing Large Language Model Agents with Spatial-Temporal Episodic MemoryCassandra Hui-Ming Tan, Budhitama Subagdja, Ah-Hwee TanAAAI · Singapore Management University
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  10. 2026
    KSS-MoE: Knowledge Space Synergy Framework in Mixture of Experts for Continual Visual Instruction TuningLingyun Song, Ziyao Chen, Kang Pan … Xuequn ShangAAAI · Northwestern Polytechnical University · San Francisco Bay University · +1
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  11. 2026
    Continual Out-of-Distribution Detection with Analytic Neural CollapseSaleh Momeni, Changnan Xiao, Bing Jie Darius LiuAAAI · University of Illinois Chicago
  12. 2026
    DeLo: Dual Decomposed Low-Rank Experts Collaboration for Continual Missing Modality LearningXiwei Liu, Yulong Li, Feilong Tang, Imran RazzakAAAI · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence
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  13. 2026PDF ↗
  14. 2026PDF ↗
  15. 2026
    Grow-on-Demand: Sparse and Adaptive Expert Expansion for Continual Instruction TuningYing Zhang, Xingyue Guo, Yu Zhao … Xiaojie YuanAAAI · Nankai University · Tiangong University
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  16. 2026
    HLML-SNN:Fast Continual Learning in Spiking Neural Networks Achieved via Hebbian Learning-Driven Meta-LearningJiangshuai Xu, Peiyun Xue, J. J. Song … Qingshan HouAAAI · Taiyuan University of Technology
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  17. 2026
    Learning Adaptive and Expandable Mixture Model for Continual LearningFei Ye, yongcheng zhong, Qihe Liu … Shijie ZhouAAAI · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · University of York
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  18. 2026
    Online Cross-Modal Hashing with Expanding Label SpaceWentao Fan, Chao Zhang, Chunlin Chen, Huaxiong LiAAAI · Nanjing University
  19. 2026PDF ↗
  20. 2026
    Rep Deep & Machine Learning: Exemplar-Free Continual Video Action Recognition via Slow-Fast Collaborative LearningXueyi Zhang, Jianhua Zhang, Zheng Li … Huiping ZhuangAAAI · Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen · University of Chinese Academy of Sciences · +4
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  21. 2026
    Topology-aware Knowledge Preservation for Class-Incremental LearningHan Zang, Yongfeng Dong, Linhao Li … Yu WangAAAI
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  22. 2026
    Towards Multimodal Continual Knowledge Embedding wth Modality Forgetting ModulationXiaowen Jiang, Jing Yang, Shundong Yang … Jieming YangAAAI
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  23. 2026
    Adversarial Perturbation Shield: Preventing Concept Bleed-through in Continual Learning of Personalized Generative ModelsZiwen Lan, Keisuke Maeda, Takahiro Ogawa, Miki HaseyamaAAAI · Hokkaido University
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  24. 2026
    Better Matching, Less Forgetting: A Quality-Guided Matcher for Transformer-based Incremental Object DetectionQirui Wu, Shizhou Zhang, De Cheng … Peng WangAAAI · Northwestern Polytechnical University · Medrobotics (United States)
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  25. 2026PDF ↗
  26. 2026
    Composition-Incremental Learning for Compositional GeneralizationZhen Li, Yuwei Wu, Chenchen Jing … Yunde JiaAAAI · Beijing Institute of Technology · Zhejiang University of Technology · +2
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  27. 2026
    Decomposing Prompts, Composing Actions: A Multi-Granularity Prompting Approach for Incremental Action LearningXinyi Cheng, Chenghao Xu, Xi Wang … Yanhua YangAAAI · Xidian University
  28. 2026
    E-Logic Prompt: Unified Energy-Logic Framework for Continual Visual Question AnsweringJiayao Tan, Tianle Liu, Fuyuan Hu … Liang WanAAAI · State Administration of Cultural Heritage · Suzhou University of Science and Technology
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  29. 2026PDF ↗
  30. 2026
    Generalizable Heterogeneity-aware Federated Feature and Basic-matrix Consistency LearningXuan Lai, Luying Zhong, Ta‐Te Lu … Zheyi ChenAAAI · Fuzhou University
  31. 2026PDF ↗
  32. 2026
    L2-LoRA: Improving Low-Rank Adaptation with Layer-Specific RegularizationXiang Zhang, Rui Xie, Siyuan ZhangAAAI · Peking University
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  33. 2026
    Learning a Fix and Explore Framework for Continuous Generalized Category DiscoveryChunming Li, Shidong Wang, Haofeng ZhangAAAI · Nanjing University of Science and Technology · Newcastle University
  34. 2026
    Learning from imperfect data: incremental learning and Few-shot LearningYaoyao LiuAAAI · University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
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  35. 2026
    Multi-Task Test-time Adaptation via Gradient Consensus and Plasticity ConstraintZhong Ye, Yu Hu, Zhenguo YangAAAI · Guangdong University of Technology
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  36. 2026
    New Metrics for Disambiguating Feature Overlap and Catastrophic Forgetting in Incremental Learning Contexts (Student Abstract)Niklas Melton, Leonardo Enzo Brito da Silva, Donald C. WunschAAAI · Missouri University of Science and Technology · Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte
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  37. 2026
    Parameter Merging with Gradient-Guided Supermasks in Online Continual LearningBenliu Qiu, Heqian Qiu, Lanxiao Wang … Hongliang LiAAAI · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China
  38. 2026PDF ↗
  39. 2026
    R-Tuning: Wavelet-Decomposed Replay and Semantic Alignment for Continual Adaptation of Pretrained Time-Series ModelsTianyi Yin, Jingwei Wang, Chenze Wang … Weiming ShenAAAI · Tongji University · Moscow State University of Printing Arts · +2
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  40. 2026
    Random Amalgamation of Adapters for Flatter Loss Landscapes: Towards Class-Incremental Learning with Better StabilityYao Deng, Xiang Xiang, Jiaqi GuiAAAI · Huazhong University of Science and Technology
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  41. 2026
    Sparse Tuning Enhances Plasticity in PTM-based Continual LearningHuan Zhang, Shenghua Fan, Shuyu Dong … Fan LyuAAAI · Wuhan University · Central China Normal University · +2
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  42. 2026
    Time Series Class-Incremental Learning via Confidence-guided Mask Distillation and Prototype-guided Contrastive LearningYu Liu, Haoqin Yang, Jinping Sui … Qi JiaAAAI · Dalian University of Technology · United States Naval Academy · +1
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  43. 2026
  44. 2026PDF ↗
  45. 2026
    Vision-language Incremental Learning with Dual Class-individual MemoryFuhai Chen, Feng Zhang, Xiaoguang Ma … Xuri GeAAAI · Fuzhou University · Universidad del Noreste · +2
  46. 2026
    Attention Retention for Continual Learning with Vision TransformersYue Lu, Xiangyu Zhou, Shizhou Zhang … Wencong ZhangAAAI
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  47. 2026PDF ↗
  48. 2026PDF ↗
  49. 2026PDF ↗
  50. 2026
    Forget Less by Learning from Parents Through Hierarchical RelationshipsArjun Ramesh Kaushik, Naresh Kumar Devulapally, Vishnu Suresh Lokhande … Venu GovindarajuAAAI
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About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. By default it shows the papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or written by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times. The rest are one click away under “All papers”. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.