Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

95 papers of 8,653 · showing 51–95Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    Federated Class-Incremental Learning with Hierarchical Generative PrototypesRiccardo Salami, Pietro Buzzega, Matteo Mosconi … Simone CalderaraTMLR
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  2. 2024
    AGALE: A Graph-Aware Continual Learning Evaluation FrameworkZhao, Tianqi, Hanjalic, Alan, Khosla, MeghaTMLR
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  3. 2025PDF ↗
  4. 2025
    Bayesian Learning-driven Prototypical Contrastive Loss for Class-Incremental LearningNisha Lakshmana Raichur, Lucas Heublein, Tobias Feigl … Felix OttTMLR
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  5. 2025
    Continual Learning from Simulated Interactions via Multitask Prospective Rehearsal for Bionic Limb Behavior ModelingSharmita Dey, Benjamin Paassen, Sarath Ravindran Nair … Arndt F. SchillingTMLR
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  6. 2024
    IMEX-Reg: Implicit-Explicit Regularization in the Function Space for Continual LearningPrashant Bhat, Bharath Renjith, Elahe Arani, Bahram ZonoozTMLR
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  7. 2024PDF ↗
  8. 2024
    A Bag of Tricks for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningShuvendu Roy, Chunjong Park, Aldi Fahrezi, Ali EtemadTMLR
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  9. 2025
    GenOL: Generating Diverse Examples for Name-only Online LearningMinhyuk Seo, Seongwon Cho, Minjae Lee … Jonghyun ChoiTMLR
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  10. 2025PDF ↗
  11. 2024
    Simple and Scalable Strategies to Continually Pre-train Large Language ModelsAdam Ibrahim, Benjamin Therien, Kshitij Gupta … Irina RishTMLR
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  12. 2025
    Personalized Negative Reservoir for Incremental Learning in Recommender SystemsAntonios Valkanas, Yuening Wang, Yingxue Zhang, Mark CoatesTMLR
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  13. 2025
    Investigating Continual Pretraining in Large Language Models: Insights and ImplicationsÇağatay Yıldız, Nishaanth Kanna Ravichandran, Sharma, Nitin … Beyza ErmişTMLR
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  14. 2024
    Concept-Driven Continual LearningSin-Han Yang, Tuomas P. Oikarinen, T. WengTMLR
  15. 2024
    Revealing an Overlooked Challenge in Class-Incremental Graph LearningDaiqing Qi, Handong Zhao, Xiaowei Jia, Sheng LiTMLR
  16. 2025
    Metalearning Continual Learning AlgorithmsKazuki Irie, Róbert Csordás, Jürgen SchmidhuberTMLR
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  17. 2024
    Continual Learning: Applications and the Road ForwardEli Verwimp, Rahaf Aljundi, Shai Ben-David … Gido M. van de VenTMLR
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  18. 2023
    Replay-enhanced Continual Reinforcement LearningTiantian Zhang, Kevin Shen, Zichuan Lin … Deheng YeTMLR
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  19. 2024
    Online Continual Learning via Logit Adjusted SoftmaxZhehao Huang, Tao Li, Chenhe Yuan … Xiaolin HuangTMLR
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  20. 2023PDF ↗
  21. 2023
    Universal Graph Continual LearningThanh D. Hoang, Do Viet Tung, Duy‐Hung Nguyen … Hung LêTMLR
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  22. 2024
    Fine-tuning can cripple your foundation model; preserving features may be the solutionJishnu Mukhoti, Yarin Gal, Philip H. S. Torr, Puneet K. DokaniaTMLR
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  23. 2024PDF ↗
  24. 2024
    Continual Adaptation of Vision Transformers for Federated LearningShaunak Halbe, Smith, James Seale, Junjiao Tian, Zsolt KiraTMLR
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  25. 2024PDF ↗
  26. 2024
    Overcoming the Stability Gap in Continual LearningMd Yousuf Harun, Christopher KananTMLR
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  27. 2024
    Voyager: An Open-Ended Embodied Agent with Large Language ModelsGuanzhi Wang, Yuqi Xie, Yunfan Jiang … Anima AnandkumarTMLR
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  28. 2023
    Lightweight Learner for Shared Knowledge Lifelong LearningYunhao Ge, Yuecheng Li, Di Wu … Laurent IttiTMLR
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  29. 2023
    Accelerating Batch Active Learning Using Continual Learning TechniquesArnav Das, Gantavya Bhatt, Megh Manoj Bhalerao … Jeff BilmesTMLR
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  30. 2023PDF ↗
  31. 2024
    Continual Diffusion: Continual Customization of Text-to-Image Diffusion with C-LoRASmith, James Seale, Yen-Chang Hsu, Lingyu Zhang … Hongxia JinTMLR
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  32. 2024PDF ↗
  33. 2024
    CoDeC: Communication-Efficient Decentralized Continual LearningSakshi Choudhary, Sai Aparna Aketi, Gobinda Saha, Kaushik RoyTMLR
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  34. 2023
    SIESTA: Efficient Online Continual Learning with SleepMd Yousuf Harun, Jhair Gallardo, Tyler L. Hayes … Christopher KananTMLR
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  35. 2024PDF ↗
  36. 2023
    Improving Continual Learning by Accurate Gradient Reconstructions of the PastErik Daxberger, S. Swaroop, Kazuki Osawa … Mohammad Emtiyaz KhanTMLR
  37. 2023
    Meta Continual Learning on Graphs with Experience ReplayAltay Unal, A. Akgül, M. Kandemir, Gozde UnalTMLR
  38. 2023
    Lifelong Reinforcement Learning with Modulating MasksEseoghene Ben-Iwhiwhu, Saptarshi Nath, Praveen K. Pilly … Andrea SoltoggioTMLR
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  39. 2023
    Continual Learning by Modeling Intra-Class VariationLonghui Yu, Tianyang Hu, Lanqing Hong … Weiyang LiuTMLR
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  40. 2023
    Learn the Time to Learn: Replay Scheduling in Continual LearningMarcus Klasson, Hedvig Kjellström, Cheng ZhangTMLR
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  41. 2022PDF ↗
  42. 2023PDF ↗
  43. 2022
    Queried Unlabeled Data Improves and Robustifies Class-Incremental LearningTianlong Chen, Sijia Liu, Shiyu Chang … Wang, ZhangyangTMLR
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  44. 2023
    Memory-efficient Reinforcement Learning with Value-based Knowledge ConsolidationQingfeng Lan, Yangchen Pan, Jun Luo, A. Rupam MahmoodTMLR
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  45. 2022
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. By default it shows the papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or written by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times. The rest are one click away under “All papers”. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.