Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

8 papers of 8,653Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    The write-cost bottleneck: energy constraints on continual learning in brains and machinesBingru Xu, Hao Shen, Yuguo YuCognitive Neurodynamics · Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology
  2. 2025
    Multi-View Incremental Learning with Structured Hebbian Plasticity for Enhanced Fusion EfficiencyYuhong Chen, Ailin Song, Huifeng Yin … Mingkun XuAAAI · Fuzhou University · Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Technology · +2
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  3. 2025
    Adaptive Synaptic Scaling in Spiking Networks for Continual Learning and Enhanced RobustnessMingkun Xu, Faqiang Liu, Yifan Hu … Lei DengTNNLS · Guangdong Polytechnic of Science and Technology · Tsinghua University · +2
  4. 2023
    Online Prototype Learning for Online Continual LearningYujie Wei, Jiaxin Ye, Zhizhong Huang … Hongming ShanICCV · Fudan University · Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology · +1
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  5. 2023
    A brain-inspired algorithm that mitigates catastrophic forgetting of artificial and spiking neural networks with low computational costTielin Zhang, Xiang Cheng, Shuncheng Jia … Bo XuScience Advances · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Shandong Institute of Automation · +3
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  6. 2023
    Mutual mentor: Online contrastive distillation network for general continual learningQiang Wang, Zhong Ji, Jin Li, Yanwei PangNeurocomputing · Tianjin University · Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology
  7. 2022
    Hierarchical Correlations Replay for Continual LearningQiang Wang, Jiayi Liu, Zhong Ji … Zhongfei ZhangKnowledge-Based Systems · Tianjin University · Shanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Technology · +1
  8. 2019
    Task representations in neural networks trained to perform many cognitive tasksGuangyu Robert Yang, Madhura R. Joglekar, Hui Song … Xiao‐Jing WangNature Neuroscience · New York University · Columbia University · +5
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. By default it shows the papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or written by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times. The rest are one click away under “All papers”. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.