Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

86 papers of 8,653 · showing 1–50Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    FedFST: Mitigating Spectral Catastrophic Forgetting in Federated Graph Continual LearningHanyao Guo, Zihan Tan, Wenke Huang … Mang YeKDD · Wuhan University · Nanyang Technological University
  2. 2026
    Knowledge-aware replay for multi-label class-incremental learningChengtai Cao, Xinhong Chen, Qun Song … Jianping WangExpert Systems with Applications · City University of Hong Kong · Nanyang Technological University · +1
  3. 2026
    Lifelong Learner: Discovering Versatile Neural Solvers for Vehicle Routing ProblemsShaodi Feng, Zhuoyi Lin, Jianan Zhou … Yew-Soon OngIEEE T-ITS · National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University · Agency for Science, Technology and Research · +2
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  4. 2026
    Randomized neural network with adaptive forward regularization for online task-free class incremental learningJunda Wang, Minghui Hu, Ning Li … Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam SuganthanNeural Networks · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Nanyang Technological University · +1
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  5. 2026
    LifelongPR: Lifelong Point Cloud Place Recognition Based on Sample Replay and Prompt LearningXianghong Zou, Jianping Li, Zhe Chen … Bisheng YangIEEE T-ITS · Nanchang University · Nanyang Technological University
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  6. 2026
    FOCUS: Frequency-Optimized Conditioning of diffUSion models for mitigating catastrophic forgetting during test-time adaptationGabriel Tjio, Jie Zhang, Xulei Yang … Qing GuoMachine Vision and Applications · Agency for Science, Technology and Research · Nanyang Technological University · +4
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  7. 2026
    Incremental Online Learning of Randomized Neural Network With Forward RegularizationJunda Wang, Minghui Hu, Ning Li … Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam SuganthanTPAMI · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Nanyang Technological University · +1
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  8. 2026
    Boosting Few-Shot Continual Learning via Self-Adaptive EvolutionZiqi Gu, Chunyan Xu, Yue Wang … Zhen CuiTIP · Nanjing University of Science and Technology · Nanyang Technological University · +2
  9. 2026
    Co$^{2}$ In: a Bi-level Memory Incremental Learning Framework with Knowledge Encoding, Consolidation, and Integration.Wenju Sun, Qingyong Li, Boyang Li … Yangli-ao GengTPAMI · Beijing Jiaotong University · Nanyang Technological University
  10. 2025
    FedMTL: Adaptive multi-teacher knowledge distillation for federated continual learningLeiming Chen, Dehai Zhao, Yongbiao Gao … Chee Wei TanKnowledge-Based Systems · Jining University · China University of Petroleum, East China · +5
  11. 2025
    Multi-modality integrated class incremental learning networks for 3D object recognitionYufei Zhang, Dongyun Lin, Xiao Zhang … Huiping ZhuangKnowledge-Based Systems · Nanyang Technological University · Wuyi University · +4
  12. 2025
    Analytic Continual Test-Time Adaptation for Multi-Modality CorruptionYufei Zhang, Yicheng Xu, Hongxin Wei … Huiping ZhuangACM International Conference on Multimedia · South China University of Technology · Institute of Science Tokyo · +2
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  13. 2026
    Release the Potential of Memory Buffer in Continual Learning: A Dynamic System PerspectiveZhenyi Wang, Li Shen, Tiehang Duan … Dacheng TaoTPAMI · University of Central Florida · Artificial Intelligence in Medicine (Canada) · +6
  14. 2023
    Task-Distributionally Robust Data-Free Meta-LearningZixuan Hu, Yongxian Wei, Li Shen … Dacheng TaoTPAMI · Nanyang Technological University · Tsinghua–Berkeley Shenzhen Institute · +6
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  15. 2025
    Controllable Relation Disentanglement for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningYuan Zhou, Richang Hong, Yanrong Guo … Hanwang ZhangIEEE TCSVT · Nanyang Technological University · Hefei University of Technology · +1
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  16. 2025
    Representative-exploring Replay for Online Class-Incremental Continual LearningLibang Zhao, Alysa Ziying Tan, Siwei Feng … Mengyuan SongIJCNN · Soochow University · Nanyang Technological University
  17. 2025
    BiLoRA: Almost-orthogonal Parameter Spaces for Continual LearningHao Zhu, Yifei Zhang, Junhao Dong, Piotr KoniuszCVPR · Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation · Data61 · +1
  18. 2025
    pFedMxF: Personalized Federated Class-incremental Learning with Mixture of Frequency AggregationYifei Zhang, Hao Zhu, Alysa Ziying Tan … Han YuCVPR · Nanyang Technological University · Data Management (Italy) · +2
  19. 2025
    SacFL: Self-Adaptive Federated Continual Learning for Resource-Constrained End DevicesZhengyi Zhong, Weidong Bao, Ji Wang … Wei Yang Bryan LimTNNLS · National University of Defense Technology · Sun Yat-sen University · +2
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  20. 2025
    Enhancing task incremental continual learning: integrating prompt-based feature selection with pre-trained vision-language modelLie Yang, Haohan Yang, Xiangkun He … Chen LvKnowledge-Based Systems · Nanyang Technological University
  21. 2025
    Uncertainty-Calibrated Test-Time Model Adaptation Without ForgettingMingkui Tan, Guohao Chen, Jiaxiang Wu … Shuaicheng NiuTPAMI · South China University of Technology · National University of Singapore · +2
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  22. 2025
    Adaptive Decision Boundary for Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningLinhao Li, Yongzhang Tan, Siyuan Yang … Liang YangAAAI · Hebei University of Technology · Nanyang Technological University
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  23. 2025
    Federated Class-Incremental Learning via Weighted Aggregation and DistillationFeng Wu, Alysa Ziying Tan, Siwei Feng … Yuanlu ChenIEEE Internet of Things Journal · Soochow University · Nanyang Technological University
  24. 2022
    Unveiling the Tapestry: The Interplay of Generalization and Forgetting in Continual LearningZenglin Shi, Jie Jing, Ying Sun … Mengmi ZhangTNNLS · Nanyang Technological University · Agency for Science, Technology and Research
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  25. 2025
    Learning Without Forgetting for Vision-Language ModelsDa-Wei Zhou, Yuanhan Zhang, Yan Wang … Ziwei LiuTPAMI · Nanjing University · Nanyang Technological University
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  26. 2025
    Revisiting Flatness-Aware Optimization in Continual Learning With Orthogonal Gradient ProjectionEnneng Yang, Li Shen, Zhenyi Wang … Dacheng TaoTPAMI · Northeastern University · Sun Yat-sen University · +3
  27. 2025
    CMoA: Contrastive Mixture of Adapters for Generalized Few-Shot Continual LearningYawen Cui, Jian Zhao, Zitong Yu … Xuelong LiIEEE Trans. Multimedia · University of Oulu · China Telecom (China) · +6
  28. 2025
    A Two-Stage LoRA Strategy for Expanding Language Capabilities in Multilingual ASR ModelsChin Yuen Kwok, Hexin Liu, Jia Qi Yip … Eng Siong ChngIEEE Transactions · Nanyang Technological University · Tokyo University of Science · +1
  29. 2025
    Class-wise Balancing Data Replay for Federated Class-Incremental LearningZhuang Qi, Ying-Peng Tang, Lei Meng … Xiangxu MengNeurIPS · Shandong University · Nanyang Technological University · +1
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  30. 2025
    Analogical Augmentation and Significance Analysis for Online Task-Free Continual LearningSonglin Dong, Yingjie Chen, Yuhang He … Yihong GongIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Xi'an Jiaotong University · Nanyang Technological University
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  31. 2025
    Tackling Continual Offline RL through Selective Weights Activation on Aligned SpacesJifeng Hu, Sili Huang, Li Chun Shen … Dacheng TaoNeurIPS · Jilin University · Jilin Medical University · +5
  32. 2025
    Federated Continual Learning via Orchestrating Multi-Scale ExpertiseXiaoyang Yi, Yang Liu, Binhan Yang, Jian ZhangNeurIPS · Nankai University · Nanyang Technological University · +1
  33. 2024
    CEAT: Continual Expansion and Absorption Transformer for Non-Exemplar Class-Incremental LearningSonglin Dong, Xinyuan Gao, Yuhang He … Yihong GongIEEE TCSVT · Xi'an Jiaotong University · Nanyang Technological University
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  34. 2024
    STSP: Spatial-Temporal Subspace Projection for Video Class-Incremental LearningHao Cheng, Siyuan Yang, Chong Wang … Bihan WenECCV · Nanyang Technological University · Hebei University of Technology · +1
  35. 2024
    Open World Object Detection: A SurveyYiming Li, Yi Wang, Wenqian Wang … Kim–Hui YapIEEE TCSVT · Nanyang Technological University · Hong Kong Polytechnic University · +2
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  36. 2024
    Continual Learning From a Stream of APIsEnneng Yang, Zhenyi Wang, Li Shen … Dacheng TaoTPAMI · Northeastern University · University of Maryland, College Park · +4
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  37. 2025
    Revisiting Class-Incremental Learning with Pre-Trained Models: Generalizability and Adaptivity are All You NeedDa-Wei Zhou, Zi-Wen Cai, Han-Jia Ye … Ziwei LiuIJCV · Nanjing University · Nanyang Technological University
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  38. 2024
    Continual Learning of No-Reference Image Quality Assessment With Channel Modulation KernelHui Li, Liang Liao, Chaofeng Chen … Weisi LinIEEE TCSVT · Nanyang Technological University · Harbin Institute of Technology
  39. 2024
    Low Resource Language Adaptation using Two-stage Regularization for Multilingual ASRChin Yuen Kwok, Jia Qi Yip, Eng Siong ChngInternational Conference on Asian Language Processing (IALP) · Nanyang Technological University
  40. 2024
    General Federated Class-Incremental Learning With Lightweight Generative ReplayYuanlu Chen, Alysa Ziying Tan, Siwei Feng … Feng WuIEEE Internet of Things Journal · Soochow University · Nanyang Technological University
  41. 2024
    Class-Incremental Learning: A SurveyDa-Wei Zhou, Qiwei Wang, Zhihong Qi … Ziwei LiuTPAMI · Nanyang Technological University · Nanjing University
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  42. 2024
    FL-Clip: Bridging Plasticity and Stability in Pre-Trained Federated Class-Incremental Learning ModelsAlysa Ziying Tan, Siwei Feng, Han YuIEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo (ICME) · Nanyang Technological University · Soochow University
  43. 2024
    Cross-Domain Continual Learning via CLAMPWeiwei Weng, Mahardhika Pratama, Jie Zhang … Savitha RamasamyInformation Sciences · Nanyang Technological University · University of South Australia · +1
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  44. 2024
    Towards Cross-Domain Continual LearningMarcus de Carvalho, Mahardhika Pratama, Jie Zhang … Edward K.Y. YappICDE · Nanyang Technological University · University of South Australia · +2
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  45. 2024
    DS-AL: A Dual-Stream Analytic Learning for Exemplar-Free Class-Incremental LearningHuiping Zhuang, Run He, Kai Tong … Zhiping LinAAAI · South China University of Technology · Nanyang Technological University
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  46. 2024
    ECIL-MU: Embedding Based Class Incremental Learning and Machine UnlearningZhiwei Zuo, Zhuo Tang, Bin Wang … Anwitaman DattaICASSP · Hunan University · Nanyang Technological University
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  47. 2024
    Federated Continual Learning via Knowledge Fusion: A SurveyXin Yang, Hao Yu, Xin Gao … Tianrui LiTKDE · Southwestern University of Finance and Economics · Nanyang Technological University · +2
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  48. 2021
    Tuned Compositional Feature Replays for Efficient Stream LearningMorgan B. Talbot, Rushikesh Zawar, Rohil Badkundri … Gabriel KreimanTNNLS · Boston Children's Hospital · Harvard–MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology · +6
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  49. 2023
    Gradient-Semantic Compensation for Incremental Semantic SegmentationWei Wei Cong, Yang Cong, Jiahua Dong … Henghui DingIEEE Trans. Multimedia · Shenyang Institute of Automation · Chinese Academy of Sciences · +3
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  50. 2023
    Multi-Modal Continual Test-Time Adaptation for 3D Semantic SegmentationHaozhi Cao, Yuecong Xu, Jianfei Yang … Lihua XieICCV · Nanyang Technological University · Agency for Science, Technology and Research · +1
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About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. By default it shows the papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or written by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times. The rest are one click away under “All papers”. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.