Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

53 papers of 8,653 · showing 1–50Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    Geometry-controlled convex hull prototype framework for online task-free continual learningCong Tu Tran, Thanh Tuan Nguyen, Thanh Tuan Nguyen, Nadège Thirion‐MoreauNeurocomputing · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université de Toulon · +4
  2. 2026
    Dynamic content-addressable memory based on global centroid features for online task-free continual learningCong Tu Tran, Thanh Tuan Nguyen, Thanh Tuan Nguyen, Nadège Thirion-MoreauMachine Vision and Applications · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université de Toulon · +4
  3. 2026
    Scaling Complementarity-Driven Expert Routing to Long Task Sequences in Multimodal Continual LearningDavid Roqui, Nistor Grozavu, Ann Bourges, Adèle CormierIFIP advances in information and communication technology · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Fondation de France · +4
  4. 2026
    FASS: Discrete Fourier Transform Adapters for Speech Separation With Incremental LearningZiye Yang, Xiang SONG, Min Zhao … Israel CohenIEEE Transactions · Northwestern Polytechnical University · Xi'an Jiaotong University · +4
  5. 2025
    Bayesian continual learning and forgetting in neural networksDjohan Bonnet, Kellian Cottart, Tifenn Hirtzlin … Damien QuerliozNature Communications · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · +4
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  6. 2025
    Decentralized continual learning: A Multi-objective Minimization techniqueYara Zgheib, Gustavo Faia Fagundes, Marc Antonini, Roula NassifAsilomar Conference on Signals, Systems, and Computers · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
  7. 2025
    XAI‐Guided Continual Learning: Rationale, Methods, and Future DirectionsMichela Proietti, Alessio Ragno, Roberto CapobiancoWiley · Sapienza University of Rome · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · +3
  8. 2025
    Foundation vs. Specialized Models: Evaluating Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Time Series ForecastingNouha Karaouli, Denis Coquenet, Élisa Fromont … Marina ReybozarXiv · Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires · Université de Rennes · +7
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  9. 2025
    Entropy-Guided Self-regulated Learning Without Forgetting for Distribution-Shift Continual Learning with Blurred Task BoundariesRui Yang, Matthieu Grard, Emmanuel Dellandréa, Liming ChenSpringer CCIS · Lyon 1 Université · École Centrale de Lyon · +4
  10. 2025
    Autonomous retrieval for continuous learning in associative memory networksPaul Saighi, M. J. RozenbergFrontiers · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · +4
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  11. 2025
    A Continual Offline Reinforcement Learning Benchmark for Navigation TasksAnthony Kobanda, Odalric-Ambrym Maillard, Rémy PortelasIEEE Conference on Games (CoG) · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université de Lille · +4
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  12. 2025
    Online Continual Learning of Diffusion Models: Multi-Mode Adaptive Generative DistillationRui Yang, Matthieu Grard, Emmanuel Dellandréa, Liming ChenICIP · Lyon 1 Université · École Centrale de Lyon · +4
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  13. 2025
    SWAP-GNG: A Scalable HW Architecture for Multi Growing Neural Gas Graph Learning for Continual LearningF. Derue, Slaviša Jovanović, Hassan Rabah, Serge WeberIEEE 7th International Conference on Artificial Intellige… · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut Jean Lamour · +1
  14. 2025
    Memory-efficient Continual Learning with Neural Collapse ContrastiveTrung-Anh Dang, Vincent Nguyen, Ngoc‐Son Vu, Christel VrainWACV · Institut National des Sciences Appliquées Centre Val de Loire · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · +3
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  15. 2025
    CapyMOA: Efficient Machine Learning for Data Streams and Online Continual Learning in PythonHeitor Murilo Gomes, Anton Lee, Nuwan Gunasekara … Albert BifetarXiv · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Sorbonne Université
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  16. 2025
    Exploring continual learning strategies in artificial neural networks through graph-based analysis of connectivity: Insights from a brain-inspired perspectiveLucrezia Carboni, Dwight Nwaigwe, Marion Mainsant … Sophie AchardNeural Networks · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Inserm · +10
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  17. 2025
    Semantic Anchors Facilitate Task Encoding in Continual LearningMina Habibi, Pieter Verbeke, Mehdi Senoussi, Senne BraemOpen Mind · Ghent University · University College West Flanders · +2
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  18. 2024
    Studying Forgetting in Faster R-CNN for Online Object Detection: Analysis Scenarios, Localization in the Architecture, and MitigationBaptiste Wagner, Denis Pellerin, Sylvain HuetIEEE Access · Institut polytechnique de Grenoble · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · +1
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  19. 2024
    Imbalanced Data Robust Online Continual Learning Based on Evolving Class Aware Memory Selection and Built-In Contrastive Representation LearningRui Yang, Emmanuel Dellandréa, Matthieu Grard, Liming ChenICIP · Lyon 1 Université · École Centrale de Lyon · +3
  20. 2024
    Novel-WD: Exploring acquisition of Novel World Knowledge in LLMs Using Prefix-TuningMaxime Méloux, Christophe CerisaraarXiv · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut des langues et cultures d'Europe, Amérique, Afrique, Asie et Australie · +1
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  21. 2024
    A new perspective on optimizers: leveraging moreau-yosida approximation in gradient-based learningAlessandro Betti, Gabriele Ciravegna, Marco Gori … Fŕed́eric PreciosoIntelligenza Artificiale · IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca · Politecnico di Torino · +4
  22. 2024
    Efficient distributed continual learning for steering experiments in real-timeThomas Bouvier, Bogdan Nicolae, Alexandru Costan … Gabriel AntoniuFuture Generation Computer Systems · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires · +4
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  23. 2024
    Efficient Data-Parallel Continual Learning with Asynchronous Distributed Rehearsal BuffersThomas Bouvier, Bogdan Nicolae, Hugo Chaugier … Gabriel AntoniuIEEE/ACM International Symposium on Cluster, Cloud and In… · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Institut de Recherche en Informatique et Systèmes Aléatoires · +3
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  24. 2024
    Learning Representations on the Unit Sphere: Investigating Angular Gaussian and Von Mises-Fisher Distributions for Online Continual LearningNicolas Michel, Giovanni Chierchia, Romain Negrel, Jean‐François BercherAAAI · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Laboratoire d'Informatique Gaspard-Monge · +1
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  25. 2024
    An Analysis of Initial Training Strategies for Exemplar-Free Class-Incremental LearningGrégoire Petit, Michaël Soumm, Eva Feillet … Céline HudelotWACV · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies · +5
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  26. 2024
    Advancements and Challenges in Continual Learning for Natural Language Processing: Insights and Future ProspectsAsma Kharrat, Fadoua Drira, Franck Lebourgeois, Bertrand KerautretInternational Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelli… · University of Sfax · Lyon 1 Université · +4
  27. 2024
    Developmental Predictive Coding Model for Early Infancy Mono and Bilingual Vocal Continual LearningXiaodan Chen, Alexandre Pitti, Mathias Quoy, Nancy F. ChenSpringer LNCS · Agency for Science, Technology and Research · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · +7
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  28. 2023
    On the Effectiveness of LayerNorm Tuning for Continual Learning in Vision TransformersThomas De Min, Massimiliano Mancini, Karteek Alahari … Elisa RicciICCV · University of Trento · Institut polytechnique de Grenoble · +5
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  29. 2023
    Online Class Incremental Learning with One-Vs-All Classifiers for Resource Constrained DevicesWagner Baptiste, Pellerin Denis, Olympieff Serge, Huet SylvainInternational Symposium on Image and Signal Processing an… · Institut polytechnique de Grenoble · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · +2
  30. 2023
    Synaptic metaplasticity with multi-level memristive devicesS. D’Agostino, Filippo Moro, Tifenn Hirtzlin … Elisa VianelloInternational Conference on Artificial Intelligence Circu… · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Laboratoire d'Électronique des Technologies de l'Information · +4
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  31. 2023
    FeTrIL: Feature Translation for Exemplar-Free Class-Incremental LearningGrégoire Petit, Adrian Popescu, Hugo Schindler … Bertrand DelezoideWACV · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies · +3
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  32. 2022
    A study of the Dream Net model robustness across continual learning scenariosMarion Mainsant, Martial Mermillod, Christelle Godin, Marina ReybozICDM · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · CEA Grenoble · +3
  33. 2022
    Contrastive Learning for Online Semi-Supervised General Continual LearningNicolas Michel, Romain Negrel, Giovanni Chierchia, Jean‐François BercherICIP · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Laboratoire d'Informatique Gaspard-Monge · +1
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  34. 2022
    Continual Sequence Modeling With Predictive CodingLouis Annabi, Alexandre Pitti, Mathias QuoyFrontiers · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Equipes Traitement de l'Information et Systèmes · +2
  35. 2022
    Online Task-free Continual Learning with Dynamic Sparse Distributed MemoryJulien Pourcel, Ngoc‐Son Vu, Robert M. FrenchECCV · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Equipes Traitement de l'Information et Systèmes · +1
  36. 2022
    Dataset Knowledge Transfer for Class-Incremental Learning without MemoryHabib Slim, Eden Belouadah, Adrian Popescu, Darian M. OnchişWACV · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies · +5
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  37. 2022
    Continual Learning of Long Topic Sequences in Neural Information Retrieval - abstractThomas Gerald, Laure SoulierSpringer LNCS · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Sorbonne Université · +1
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  38. 2021
    Novelty detection for unsupervised continual learning in image sequencesRuiqi Dai, Mathieu Lefort, Frédéric Armetta … Stefan DuffnerIEEE 33rd International Conference on Tools with Artifici… · Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · +3
  39. 2021
    Dream Net: a privacy preserving continual leaming model for face emotion recognitionMarion Mainsant, M. Solinas, Marina Reyboz … Martial MermillodInternational Conference on Affective Computing and Intel… · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · CEA Grenoble · +3
  40. 2021
    Memory Efficient Invertible Neural Networks for Class-Incremental LearningGuillaume Hocquet, Olivier Bichler, Damien QuerliozIEEE 3rd International Conference on Artificial Intellige… · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies · +2
  41. 2021
    Synaptic metaplasticity in binarized neural networksAxel Laborieux, Maxence Ernoult, Tifenn Hirtzlin, Damien QuerliozNature Communications · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Université Paris-Saclay · +2
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  42. 2021
    Semi-Supervised Class Incremental LearningAlexis Lechat, Stéphane Herbin, Frédéric JurieICPR · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen · +5
  43. 2021
    Studying Catastrophic Forgetting in Neural Ranking ModelsJesús Lovón-Melgarejo, Laure Soulier, Karen Pinel-Sauvagnat, Lynda TamineSpringer LNCS · Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · Institut de Recherche en Informatique de Toulouse · +4
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  44. 2021
    Beneficial Effect of Combined Replay for Continual LearningM. Solinas, Stéphane Rousset, Romain Cohendet … Martial MermillodInternational Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelli… · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · CEA Grenoble · +7
  45. 2021
    Self-supervised Continual Learning for Object Recognition in Image SequencesRuiqi Dai, Mathieu Lefort, Frédéric Armetta … Stefan DuffnerSpringer CCIS · Lyon 1 Université · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · +3
  46. 2020
    OvA-INN: Continual Learning with Invertible Neural NetworksGuillaume Hocquet, Olivier Bichler, Damien QuerliozIJCNN · Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives · Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies · +2
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  47. 2019
    Preventing Catastrophic Interference in Multiple-Sequence Learning Using Coupled Reverberating Elman NetworksBernard Ans, Stéphane Rousset, Roheit M. French, Serban C. MuscaCognitive Science · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · Laboratoire de Psychologie et NeuroCognition · +2
  48. 2018
    End-to-End Incremental LearningFrancisco M. Castro, Manuel J. Marín‐Jiménez, Nicolás Guil … Karteek AlahariECCV · Universidad de Málaga · University of Córdoba · +5
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  49. 2017
    Incremental Learning of Object Detectors without Catastrophic ForgettingKonstantin Shmelkov, Cordelia Schmid, Karteek AlahariICCV · Institut polytechnique de Grenoble · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · +3
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  50. 2015
    Neural Modularity Helps Organisms Evolve to Learn New Skills without Forgetting Old SkillsKai Olav Ellefsen, Jean-Baptiste Mouret, Jeff ClunePLOS · Norwegian University of Science and Technology · Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique · +3
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. By default it shows the papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or written by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times. The rest are one click away under “All papers”. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.