Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

31 papers of 8,653Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    Reinforced Interactive Continual Learning via Real-time Noisy Human FeedbackYutao Yang, Jie Zhou, Junsong Li … Liang HeExpert Systems with Applications · East China Normal University · Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital
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  2. 2026
    PromptCIL: Feature-Guided Prompting for Audio-Visual Class-Incremental LearningAditya Kumar Singh, Rini Smita Thakur, Parinita Nema, Vinod K. KurmiExpert Systems with Applications · Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Bhopal
  3. 2026
    HM3-VLM: Hybrid Magnitude-Max Merging for Exemplar-Free Class-Incremental Visual Speech RecognitionChangyan Zheng, Zhixue Chen, Liguo Xu … Jibin YangExpert Systems with Applications · Academy of Military Medical Sciences · Weifang University · +2
  4. 2026
    FORECASS: Adaptive and forgetting-resilient continual unsupervised domain adaptation for semantic segmentationBaqar Abbas, Abderrazak Chahi, Yassine RuichekExpert Systems with Applications · Université de technologie de belfort-montbéliard
  5. 2026
    Adaptive memory replay for plasticity-aware edge continual learningP P Zhang, Jie Yang, Yong Yao … Yanping ChenExpert Systems with Applications · Guizhou University · Chengdu Institute of Information Technology (China)
  6. 2026
    EA: Elastic multi-level anchoring-based generative approach for federated class-incremental learningWanxin Wu, Gang Li, Lixin Liu … Jianfeng ZhaoExpert Systems with Applications · Inner Mongolia University of Science and Technology · Wuhan University of Technology · +1
  7. 2026
    Knowledge-aware replay for multi-label class-incremental learningChengtai Cao, Xinhong Chen, Qun Song … Jianping WangExpert Systems with Applications · City University of Hong Kong · Nanyang Technological University · +1
  8. 2026
    Continual test-time adaptation for object detection with adaptive monitoring and randomized restorationShilei Cao, Juepeng Zheng, Yan Liu … Haohuan FuExpert Systems with Applications · Sun Yat-sen University · National Supercomputing Center in Shenzhen · +4
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  9. 2026
    Beyond catastrophic forgetting: A continual learning-driven multi-modal fusion model for saliency prediction in dynamic scenesNana Zhang, Yi-Xiang Wang, Dandan Zhu … Guangtao ZhaiExpert Systems with Applications · Donghua University · Tongji University · +1
  10. 2026
    Image-point class incremental learning via masked rendering and Probabilistic prototype modelingChao Qi, Jianqin Yin, Ren Zhang, Jialu GuExpert Systems with Applications · Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications
  11. 2026
    SEDLA: Feature-incremental learning with deep neural networks for functional regressionYujing Shen, Bin Zou, Yude Bu, Yang ZhouExpert Systems with Applications · Shandong University · Hubei University · +1
  12. 2026
    CL4DEE: A continual learning framework for document-level event extraction with mixture-of-expertsJunru Liao, Haoran Wang, Weimin Cheng, Yatian ShenExpert Systems with Applications · Henan University of Technology
  13. 2026
    Emotion-augmented continual learning for empathic robot behaviorYuxuan Zhao, Tongwei Zhang, Siqi Liu … Wei WuExpert Systems with Applications · Chinese Academy of Sciences · Shandong Institute of Automation · +3
  14. 2025
    Advances in continual learning: A comprehensive reviewMengjuan Jiang, Jiaqing Fan, Fanzhang LiExpert Systems with Applications · Soochow University
  15. 2025
    UCL-MHTR: A unified continual learning system for multilingual handwritten text recognitionMarwa Dhiaf, Mohamed Ali Souibgui, Yousri Kessentini … Ahmed Cheikh RouhouExpert Systems with Applications · National Sanitation Utility · Digital Research Centre of Sfax · +1
  16. 2025
    Visible-thermal cross-modality class-incremental learningXinjie Yao, Yingxue Wang, Yingxue Wang … Weihao LiExpert Systems with Applications · Tianjin University · Tianjin haihe hospital · +3
  17. 2025
    Adaptive federated class-Incremental learning for reducing catastrophic forgettingZhiyan You, Jielei Chu, Zhaoyu Li … Tianrui LiExpert Systems with Applications · Southwest Jiaotong University · China Railway Group (China) · +1
  18. 2025
    Meta-Tuner: Meta-trained node-specific transformations for Graph Few-Shot Class-Incremental LearningZhengnan Li, Jun Fang, Jun-Bo Wang … Yunxiao QinExpert Systems with Applications · Communication University of China · Tsinghua University · +1
  19. 2025
  20. 2024
    APM: Adaptive parameter multiplexing for class incremental learningJinghan Gao, Tao Xie, Ruifeng Li … Li-Jun ZhaoExpert Systems with Applications · Harbin Institute of Technology
  21. 2024
    Revisiting class-incremental object detection: An efficient approach via intrinsic characteristics alignment and task decouplingLiang Bai, Hong Song, Tao Feng … Jian YangExpert Systems with Applications · Beijing Institute of Technology · Tsinghua University
  22. 2024
    Balanced Residual Distillation Learning for 3D Point Cloud Class-Incremental Semantic SegmentationYuanzhi Su, Siyuan Chen, Yuan‐Gen WangExpert Systems with Applications
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  23. 2024
    A flexible enhanced fuzzy min-max neural network for pattern classificationEssam Alhroob, Mohammed Falah Mohammed, Osama Nayel Al Sayaydeh … Chee Peng LimExpert Systems with Applications · Isra University · University of Mosul · +4
  24. 2024
    Rethinking few-shot class-incremental learning: A lazy learning baselineZhili Qin, Wei Han, Jiaming Liu … Junming ShaoExpert Systems with Applications · University of Electronic Science and Technology of China · Quzhou University · +1
  25. 2024
    Class-incremental learning with causal relational replayToan Nguyen, Duc Kieu, Bao Duong … Bac LeExpert Systems with Applications · Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City · Deakin University · +2
  26. 2023
    Federated Class-Incremental Learning with PromptingXin Luo, Liang, Fang-Yi, Jiale Liu … Xin-Shun XuExpert Systems with Applications
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  27. 2023
    Few-shot class-incremental audio classification via discriminative prototype learningWei Xie, Yanxiong Li, Qianhua He, Wenchang CaoExpert Systems with Applications · South China University of Technology
  28. 2022
    Online continual learning via the knowledge invariant and spread-out propertiesYa-nan Han, Jianwei LiuExpert Systems with Applications · China University of Petroleum, Beijing
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  29. 2021
    Sequential Targeting: an incremental learning approach for data imbalance in text classificationJoel Jang, Yoonjeon Kim, Kyoung-Ho Choi, Sungho SuhExpert Systems with Applications · Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology · Naver (South Korea) · +1
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  30. 2020
    Learn#: A Novel incremental learning method for text classificationGuangxu Shan, Shiyao Xu, Yang Li … Yang XiangExpert Systems with Applications · Tongji University
  31. 2019
    SOINN+, a Self-Organizing Incremental Neural Network for Unsupervised Learning from Noisy Data StreamsChayut Wiwatcharakoses, Daniel BerrarExpert Systems with Applications · Tokyo Institute of Technology
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. By default it shows the papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or written by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times. The rest are one click away under “All papers”. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.