Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1988 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

37 papers of 7,070Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    CD-IMM: A Bayesian non-parametric classifier for continual learningDaniele Castellana, Antonio CartaNeurocomputing · University of Florence · University of Pisa · +1
  2. 2026
    Parameter-Efficient Continual Fine-Tuning: A SurveyE N Coleman, Luigi Quarantiello, Ziyue Liu … Vincenzo LomonacoNeurocomputing · University of Pisa · Politecnico di Torino · +4
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  3. 2026
    Continual Evolution Strategies in Control TasksNICOLA PITZALIS, Eleni Nisioti, Antonio Carta … Andrea CossuGenetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion · University of Pisa · IT University of Copenhagen
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  4. 2026
    Adapting language models with continual learning for temporal driftsAntonio Carta, Alberto Roberto Marinelli, Lucia C. PassaroEvolving Systems · University of Pisa
  5. 2026
    A practical guide to streaming continual learningAndrea Cossu, Federico Giannini, Giacomo Ziffer … Davide BacciuNeurocomputing · University of Pisa · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa · +6
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  6. 2025
  7. 2025
    Continually Learn to Map Visual Concepts to Large Language Models in Resource-constrained EnvironmentsClea Rebillard, Julio Hurtado, Andrii Krutsylo … Vincenzo LomonacoNeurocomputing · Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux · University of Warwick · +3
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  8. 2025
    Lifelong Evolution of SwarmsLorenzo Leuzzi, Davide Bacciu, Sabine Hauert … Andrea CossuGenetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference · University of Pisa · University of Cagliari · +1
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  9. 2025
    Don't drift away: Advances and Applications of Streaming and Continual LearningAndrea Cossu, Davide Bacciu, Alessio Bernardo … Giacomo ZifferESANN 2025 proceesdings · University of Pisa · Politecnico di Milano · +3
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  10. 2025
    Continual Learning in the Presence of RepetitionHamed Hemati, Lorenzo Pellegrini, X.W. Duan … Gido M. van de VenNeural Networks · University of St.Gallen · University of Applied Sciences St. Gallen · +10
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  11. 2024
    Streaming Continual Learning for Unified Adaptive Intelligence in Dynamic EnvironmentsFederico Giannini, Giacomo Ziffer, Andrea Cossu, Vincenzo LomonacoIEEE Intelligent Systems · Politecnico di Milano · University of Pisa
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  12. 2024
    I Know How: Combining Prior Policies to Solve New TasksMalio Li, Elia Piccoli, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuIEEE Conference on Games (CoG) · University of Pisa
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  13. 2024
    Calibration of Continual Learning ModelsLanpei Li, Elia Piccoli, Andrea Cossu … Vincenzo LomonacoCVPR · University of Pisa · Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione "Alessandro Faedo"
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  14. 2024
    Drifting explanations in continual learningAndrea Cossu, Francesco Spinnato, Riccardo Guidotti, Davide BacciuNeurocomputing · University of Pisa · Istituto di Scienza e Tecnologie dell'Informazione "Alessandro Faedo" · +1
  15. 2024
    Updating knowledge in Large Language Models: an Empirical EvaluationAlberto Roberto Marinelli, Antonio Carta, Lucia PassaroIEEE International Conference on Evolving and Adaptive In… · University of Pisa
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  16. 2024
    Continual Learning with Graph Reservoirs: Preliminary experiments in graph classificationDomenico Tortorella, Alessio MicheliESANN 2024 proceesdings · University of Pisa · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
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  17. 2023
    Design principles for lifelong learning AI acceleratorsDhireesha Kudithipudi, Anurag Daram, Abdullah M. Zyarah … Benjamin R. EpsteinNature Electronics · The University of Texas at San Antonio · Sandia National Laboratories · +6
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  18. 2023
    A Comprehensive Empirical Evaluation on Online Continual LearningAlbin Soutif--Cormerais, Antonio Carta, Andrea Cossu … Hamed HematiICCV · Computer Vision Center · University of Pisa · +2
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  19. 2023
    Memory Population in Continual Learning via Outlier EliminationJulio Hurtado, Alain Raymond-Sáez, Vladimir Araujo … Davide BacciuICCV · University of Pisa · Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile · +1
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  20. 2023
    A Simple Recipe to Meta-Learn Forward and Backward TransferEdoardo Cetin, Antonio Carta, Oya ÇeliktutanICCV · King's College School · University of Pisa
  21. 2023
    PIVOT: Prompting for Video Continual LearningAndrés Villa, Juan León Alcázar, Motasem Alfarra … Bernard GhanemCVPR · Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile · King Abdullah University of Science and Technology · +2
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  22. 2022
    Sample Condensation in Online Continual LearningMattia Sangermano, Antonio Carta, Andrea Cossu, Davide BacciuIJCNN · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
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  23. 2022
    Entropy-based Stability-Plasticity for Lifelong LearningVladimir Araujo, Julio Hurtado, Álvaro Soto, Marie‐Francine MoensCVPR · KU Leuven · University of Pisa · +1
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  24. 2022
    Ex-Model: Continual Learning from a Stream of Trained ModelsAntonio Carta, Andrea Cossu, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuCVPR · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
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  25. 2022
    Is Class-Incremental Enough for Continual Learning?Andrea Cossu, Gabriele Graffieti, Lorenzo Pellegrini … Vincenzo LomonacoFrontiers · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore · +1
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  26. 2022
    Catastrophic Forgetting in Deep Graph Networks: A Graph Classification BenchmarkAntonio Carta, Andrea Cossu, Federico Errica, Davide BacciuFrontiers · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
  27. 2022
    Distilled Replay: Overcoming Forgetting through Synthetic SamplesAndrea Rosasco, Antonio Carta, Andrea Cossu … Davide BacciuSpringer LNCS · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
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  28. 2022
    Practical Recommendations for Replay-based Continual Learning MethodsGabriele Merlin, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Andrea Cossu … Davide BacciuSpringer LNCS · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore
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  29. 2022
    Avalanche RL: a Continual Reinforcement Learning LibraryNicoló Lucchesi, Antonio Carta, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuSpringer LNCS · University of Pisa
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  30. 2022
    Catastrophic Forgetting in Continual Concept Bottleneck ModelsEmanuele Marconato, Gianpaolo Bontempo, Stefano Teso … Andrea PasseriniSpringer LNCS · University of Pisa · University of Trento · +1
  31. 2022
    Continual Incremental Language Learning for Neural Machine TranslationMichele Resta, Davide BacciuESANN 2022 proceedings · University of Pisa · Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Pisa
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  32. 2021
    Continual Learning for Recurrent Neural Networks: an Empirical EvaluationAndrea Cossu, Antonio Carta, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Davide BacciuNeural Networks · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore · +1
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  33. 2021
    Avalanche: an End-to-End Library for Continual LearningVincenzo Lomonaco, Lorenzo Pellegrini, Andrea Cossu … Davide MaltoniCVPR · University of Pisa · University of Bologna · +12
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  34. 2021
    Continual Learning at the Edge: Real-Time Training on Smartphone DevicesLorenzo Pellegrini, Vincenzo Lomonaco, Gabriele Graffieti, Davide MaltoniESANN 2021 proceedings · Azienda-Unita' Sanitaria Locale Di Cesena · University of Pisa · +1
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  35. 2021
    Continual Learning with Echo State NetworksAndrea Cossu, Davide Bacciu, Antonio Carta … Vincenzo LomonacoESANN 2021 proceedings · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore · +1
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  36. 2021
    Sustainable Artificial Intelligence through Continual LearningAndrea Cossu, Marta Ziosi, Vincenzo LomonacoInternational Conference on AI for People: Towards Sustai… · University of Pisa · Scuola Normale Superiore · +1
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  37. 2020
    Continual Learning with Gated Incremental Memories for sequential data processingAndrea Cossu, Antonio Carta, Davide BacciuIEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Network · University of Pisa
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About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. It lists only papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or written by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times. Preprints that later get accepted, and authors who later publish at those venues, are picked up by the weekly run. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.