Related work

The foundational work on continual learning, 1980 to 2026: methods, theory, benchmarks, surveys, and the neuroscience of memory. Updated weekly; some carry our notes.

118 papers of 8,653 · showing 1–50Sort Recent · Most cited
  1. 2026
    Towards class-incremental open-set scenarios for video-based action recognition.Yuanshuai Gou, Chengcen Zhong, Xun GongNeural Networks · Southwest Jiaotong University · Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
  2. 2026
    TriP: A triple-prompt framework aligning pre-training and class-incremental objectives in continual graph learning.Can-Ming Cui, Hui-yu Zhou, Pei-Yuan Lai, Chang‐Dong WangNeural Networks · Sun Yat-sen University · Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Health and Family Planning · +1
  3. 2026
    SD2-SNN: Self-distillation and structural decomposition framework for SNNs in continual learningZhenhao Xie, Xia Xiao, Hongsheng Zhang … Zhong JiNeural Networks · Tianjin University
  4. 2026
    ASMem: Anchor sparse memory for multi-domain knowledge editing of large language modelsGuanyu Zheng, Zhenyu Wang, Yang Zhao … Chengqing ZongNeural Networks · South China University of Technology · Shandong Institute of Automation · +3
  5. 2026
  6. 2026
    Logits -with-correlation-based distillation for class incremental learning with limited initial classesJie Du, Jing Wang (6206297), Wenbing Chen … Tianfu WangNeural Networks · Shenzhen University Health Science Center · Peng Cheng Laboratory
  7. 2026
    Randomized neural network with adaptive forward regularization for online task-free class incremental learningJunda Wang, Minghui Hu, Ning Li … Ponnuthurai Nagaratnam SuganthanNeural Networks · Shanghai Jiao Tong University · Nanyang Technological University · +1
    PDF ↗
  8. 2026
    CogniSNN: Enabling neuron-expandability, pathway-reusability, and dynamic-configurability in spiking neural networksYongsheng Huang, Peibo Duan, Yujie Wu … Mingkun XuNeural Networks · Northeastern University · Hong Kong Polytechnic University · +2
  9. 2026
    Learning forward-compatible and domain-invariant representations for cross-domain few-shot class-incremental learningWeidong Shi, Xudong Yan, Jiazheng Yuan … Songhe FengNeural Networks · Beijing Jiaotong University · Beijing Normal University · +3
  10. 2026
  11. 2026
    Dynamic expandable framework for incremental anomaly detectionYuxuan Tan, Hongxia Gao, Tongtong Liu, Xiaoqin WenNeural Networks · Xi'an Jiaotong University · South China University of Technology
  12. 2026
    Towards continual low-light image enhancement through causal inferenceFan Ji, Hao Li, Jiangmeng Li … Fanjiang XuNeural Networks · Institute of Software · Aerospace Information Research Institute · +1
  13. 2026
    Continual few-shot named entity recognition against catastrophic forgetting and overfittingYuanyuan Zhao, S.L. Zhao, S.L. Zhao, Minghu WangNeural Networks · Hebei University of Economics and Business · Hebei Normal University
  14. 2026
    Locally adaptive compensation for analytic class-incremental learningHaoyuan Chen, Nuobei Shi, Ling Chen, Raymond S.T. LeeNeural Networks · Beijing Normal-Hong Kong Baptist University · Hong Kong Baptist University · +2
  15. 2026
    A Multi-Agent Continual reinforcement learning framework with multi-Timescale replay and dynamic task classificationYang Liu, Xiang Feng, Huiqun YuNeural Networks · East China University of Science and Technology
  16. 2026
    A continual learning framework with long-term and multiple short-term memory networksShangge Liu, Lei Wang, Rui Yan … Yang GaoNeural Networks · Nanjing Tech University · University of Wollongong · +2
  17. 2026
    Lifelong knowledge graph embedding via diffusion modelDeyu Chen, Caicai Guo, Qiyuan Li … Hong ZhuNeural Networks · Huazhong University of Science and Technology · Wuhan University of Science and Technology
  18. 2026
    Key-Value Pair-Free Continual Learner via Task-Specific Prompt-PrototypeHaihua Luo, Xuming Ran, Zhengji Li … Fengyu CongNeural Networks · University of Jyväskylä · National University of Singapore · +3
    PDF ↗
  19. 2026
    Lifelong person re-identification via dynamically knowledge adaptation and retentionZhiyu Chen, Bingliang Jiao, Wenxuan Wang, Peng WangNeural Networks
  20. 2026
    Towards understanding memory buffer based continual learningGuodong Zheng, Peng Wang, Tao Sun, Li ShenNeural Networks · Huazhong University of Science and Technology · Sun Yat-sen University · +1
  21. 2026
    Dual-modality adaptation in vision-language models for continual learningJiahao Zeng, Wentao Zhang, Kanghao Chen … Ruixuan WangNeural Networks · Sun Yat-sen University · GCI Science & Technology (China) · +1
  22. 2026
    Dual prototypes for adaptive pre-trained model in class-incremental learningZhiming Xu, Zhiming Xu, Suorong Yang … Jian ZhaoNeural Networks · Nanjing University · Nanjing University of Science and Technology
    PDF ↗
  23. 2026
    Batch self-organizing memory neural network for continual supervised learningJiahui Niu, Xin MaNeural Networks · Shandong University
  24. 2026
    AGNER: Agile governance-oriented unified named entity recognition for continual learning with diffusion adaptationShuxiang Hou, Yurong Qian, Jiaying Chen … Hongyong LengNeural Networks · Xinjiang University
  25. 2026
    CSCL: Bridging the plasticity-stability gap in continuous supervised contrastive learningYi Xiong, Liqi Xiang, Qianyue Cao … Xuehai ZhouNeural Networks · University of Science and Technology of China · Suzhou University of Science and Technology
  26. 2026
    Continual learning: A systematic literature reviewQinwen Yang, Liyuan Wang, Joerg Wicker, Gillian DobbieNeural Networks · University of Auckland · Tsinghua University · +1
  27. 2026
    Rethinking softmax in incremental learningZheng Zhai, Jiali Zhang, Haiyu Wang … Qiang SunNeural Networks · Beijing Normal-Hong Kong Baptist University · Beijing Normal University · +4
  28. 2026
    C3GAN: A brain-inspired memory consolidation for class-incremental learningLin Xiong, Tao Wang, Fuqing Zhang … Hailing XiongNeural Networks · Southwest University · Chongqing Jiaotong University · +2
  29. 2025
    Context selectivity with dynamic availability enables lifelong continual learningMartin Barry, Wulfram Gerstner, Guillaume BellecNeural Networks · École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne
    PDF ↗
  30. 2025
    PKI: Prior knowledge-infused neural network for few-shot class-incremental learningKexin Bao, Fanzhao Lin, Zichen Wang … Shiming GeNeural Networks · Institute of Information Engineering · NARI Group (China) · +2
    PDF ↗
  31. 2025
    Multiple semantic prompt for rehearsal-free continual learningJunwei Chen, Zhenyu Zhang, Depeng Li, Zhigang ZengNeural Networks · Huazhong University of Science and Technology
  32. 2025
    Similarity-based prototype reconstruction and feature reorganization for non-exemplar class incremental learningChao Zhou, Jun Sun, Vasile Palade, Xiao‐Jun WuNeural Networks · Jiangnan University · Coventry University
  33. 2025
    Online lifelong optimal tracking control of uncertain nonlinear continuous-time strict-feedback systems using deep neural networksIrfan Ganie, S. JagannathanNeural Networks · Missouri University of Science and Technology
  34. 2025
    Family-based continual learning for multi-domain pattern analysis in federated frameworks with GCN and ViTSaeed Iqbal, Xiaopin Zhong, Muhammad Attique Khan … Weixiang LiuNeural Networks
  35. 2025
    Balancing Learning Plasticity and Memory Stability: A parameter space strategy for class-incremental learningJianzhou Feng, Huaxiao Qiu, Lazhi Zhao … Yiming XuNeural Networks · Yanshan University
  36. 2025
    Prototypes as Anchors: Tackling Unseen Noise for online continual learningShao-Yuan Li, Yu-Xiang Zheng, Sheng-Jun Huang … Kangkan WangNeural Networks · Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics · Nanjing University of Science and Technology
  37. 2025
    Flashbacks to Harmonize Stability and Plasticity in Continual LearningLeila Mahmoodi, Peyman Moghadam, Munawar Hayat … Mehrtash HarandiNeural Networks · Monash University · Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation · +3
    PDF ↗
  38. 2025
    Neuromimetic metaplasticity for adaptive continual learning without catastrophic forgettingSuhee Cho, Hyeonsu Lee, Seungdae Baek, Se‐Bum PaikNeural Networks · Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology · Korea Institute of Brain Science
  39. 2025
    Information-Theoretic Complementary Prompts for Improved Continual Text ClassificationDuzhen Zhang, Duzhen Zhang, Yong Ren … Tielin ZhangNeural Networks · Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence · Tencent (China) · +2
    PDF ↗
  40. 2025
    Supervised contrastive learning with prototype distillation for data incremental learningSuorong Yang, Tianyue Zhang, Zhiming Xu … Jian ZhaoNeural Networks · Nanjing University of Science and Technology · Nanjing University
  41. 2025
    Prompt-Enhanced: Leveraging language representation for prompt continual learning.Wei Li, D. M. Li, Shitong Shao … Zhen LeiNeural Networks · Southeast University · Duke Kunshan University · +2
  42. 2025
    DeepART: Deep gradient-free local learning with adaptive resonanceSasha Petrenko, Leonardo Enzo Brito da Silva, Donald C. WunschNeural Networks · Missouri University of Science and Technology · Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Norte · +1
  43. 2025
    Red alarm: Controllable backdoor attack in continual learningRui Gao, Weiwei LiuNeural Networks · Wuhan University · Wuhan Donghu University
  44. 2025
    A prompt regularization approach to enhance few-shot class-incremental learning with Two-Stage ClassifierMeilan Hao, Yizhan Gu, Kejian Dong … Xin NingNeural Networks · Institute of Semiconductors · Hebei University of Engineering · +1
  45. 2025
    Exploration and exploitation in continual learningKiseong Hong, Hyundong Jin, Sungho Suh, Eunwoo KimNeural Networks · Chung-Ang University · German Research Centre for Artificial Intelligence
  46. 2025
    Using samples with label noise for robust continual learningHongyi Nie, Shiqi Fan, Yang Liu … Zhen WangNeural Networks · Northwestern Polytechnical University · Tsinghua University
  47. 2025
    L3Net: Localized and Layered Reparameterization for incremental learningXuandi Luo, Huaidong Zhang, Huaidong Zhang … Shengfeng HeNeural Networks · South China University of Technology · Singapore Management University
  48. 2026
    Generative Binary Memory: Pseudo-Replay Class-Incremental Learning on Binarized EmbeddingsYanis Basso-Bert, Anca Molnos, Romain Lemaire … Antoine DupretNeural Networks
    PDF ↗
  49. 2025
    DuPt: Rehearsal-based continual learning with dual promptsShengqin Jiang, Daolong Zhang, Fengna Cheng … Qingshan LiuNeural Networks · Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology · Nanjing Forestry University · +2
  50. 2025
    PVBF: A Framework for Mitigating Parameter Variation Imbalance in Online Continual LearningTao, Zelin, Hao Deng, Mingqing Liu … Shengjie ZhaoNeural Networks
    PDF ↗
About this index

We keep this list because we read the field and wanted one place to see it. It covers work on continual learning itself, in the core areas of machine learning, and leaves out papers that apply it inside another field, such as medical imaging or fault diagnosis. By default it shows the papers we have a reason to trust: published at a venue like NeurIPS, ICML, ICLR, CVPR or TPAMI, or written by someone who has published there, or cited a few hundred times. The rest are one click away under “All papers”. It is seeded from the community lists kept by ContinualAI and by Xialei Liu, then filled out from OpenAlex, and every week a script looks for new papers on OpenAlex and arXiv. A model reads each candidate and decides whether it belongs; a person reviews the additions before they go live. Authors and affiliations come from OpenAlex, so a recent preprint can lack its institutions for a week or two.

Missing something, or filed under the wrong venue? Write to hello@unify.ai with the arXiv id or DOI.